Introduction: According to the annual health report of Mongolia, non-communicable diseases are rising. Digestive system diseases, the second leading cause of morbidity in the population, account for an average of 15.5 percent of all morbidity over the last 10 years. In traditional Mongolian medicine, Plantago Major L has been widely used as a remedy for wound healing, cholangitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. Material and method: The research was conducted in the pharmaceutical industry and technology laboratory. The leaves of Plantago Major L were chosen as the main raw materials and UV spectrophotometer, shaker, thin-layer chromatographic plates (Silica gel 60 F 254, Germany), and UV light were used in the experiment. The leaves of Plantago Major L were extracted with 40% ethyl alcohol in a soxlet apparatus and evaporated in a vacuum evaporator to obtain a thick extract. Result: Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of granule and ethyl alcohol extracts of Plantago Major L revealed yellow-brown spots (Rf = 0.4) at the same level as the standard substance rutin on the plate, indicating the presence of flavonoids. The highest light absorption was 250 nm when determining the sensitive wavelength of ethyl alcohol extract of Plantago Major L between 200 nm and 520 nm. The total flavonoids contained 3.95 ± 0.17% (p <0.001) in 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Plantago Major L. Conclusion It was detected that quantitative mass of total flavonoids in liquid extracts from was 3.95±0.17%.

Introduction: According to the annual health report of Mongolia, non-communicable diseases are rising. Digestive system diseases, the second leading cause of morbidity in the population, account for an average of 15.5 percent of all morbidity over the last 10 years. In traditional Mongolian medicine, Plantago Major L has been widely used as a remedy for wound healing, cholangitis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. Material and method: The research was conducted in the pharmaceutical industry and technology laboratory. The leaves of Plantago Major L were chosen as the main raw materials and UV spectrophotometer, shaker, thin-layer chromatographic plates (Silica gel 60 F 254, Germany), and UV light were used in the experiment. The leaves of Plantago Major L were extracted with 40% ethyl alcohol in a soxlet apparatus and evaporated in a vacuum evaporator to obtain a thick extract. Result: Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of granule and ethyl alcohol extracts of Plantago Major L revealed yellow-brown spots (Rf = 0.4) at the same level as the standard substance rutin on the plate, indicating the presence of flavonoids. The highest light absorption was 250 nm when determining the sensitive wavelength of ethyl alcohol extract of Plantago Major L between 200 nm and 520 nm. The total flavonoids contained 3.95 ± 0.17% (p <0.001) in 40% ethyl alcohol extract of Plantago Major L. Conclusion It was detected that quantitative mass of total flavonoids in liquid extracts from was 3.95±0.17%.

Introduction: In the current time, the information on medical sciences is in a huge increase due to focused researches in medicine to expand knowledge. Although there are a lot of knowledge in medicine, it is urgently required to introduce new teaching methods for medical students. Aim: We have applied the method "Problem-based learning" to compare to traditional teaching method in medical genetics. Method: In the study, 22 students in 2 groups were participated and the data were collected by using external evaluation, student grades and questionnaire. Results: According to the result, the student participation was evaluated as good and excellent in 82% of PBL-taught group. Moreover, the student grades were "A" and "B" marked in 82% of PBL-taught group. Finally, the result showed that the students' satisfaction of PBL-taught group to medical genetics was found as 100%. Conclusion Taking together, those results suggested that the method "Problem-based learning" might be an effective tool to teach medical genetics for students.

Introduction: Many studies have been intensively conducted in the field of pharmaceutical engineering to improve the drug efficiency by developing effective drug delivery systems. In recent years, it has been reported that the concentration of amoxicillin in blood and stomach after administration is not stable thereby decreasing its therapeutic efficacy. In the current, we aimed to develop a red blood cell-based drug delivery system to maintain the amoxicillin serum concentration. Method: Erythrocyte swelling technology was used to prepare amoxicillin-loaded red blood cells. After that, the shape, drug content, entrapment efficiency, hemolysis, drug release rate and antibacterial effect were thoroughly investigated. Results: Developed drug delivery system was round in shape. The drug content and entrapment efficiency were 33% and 62%, respectively. The drug release rate was evaluated around 2.03%. Furthermore, the amoxicillin-loaded red blood cells were an effective agent against E.coli while it wasn’t effective against S.aureus. Conclusion The results indicated that the red blood cell-based technology could stabilize the amoxicillin serum concentration.

Background: New cases of cancer and cancer-related deaths are high in Mongolia. Therefore, it is a priority to develop anticancer drugs based on recent scientific achievements, successes, and major theoretical concepts. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology, including pharmaceutical engineering, is developing rapidly, and the problem of drug delivery to tumor-triggered organs, tissues, and cells has been studied at many levels. Drug delivery systems are divided into organic, inorganic, and complex nanocarriers based on their physicochemical properties. The specificity of drug targeting to tumor-triggered organs, tissues, and cells can be explained by passive and active targeting mechanisms. The passive delivery mechanism of drugs to tissues and cells is related to the tumor microenvironment and vascularization, while the active delivery mechanism is related to the principle of binding to specific receptors on the surface of tumor-transformed cells and releasing the drugs into the cell. Conclusion Extensive research in this area in Mongolia has many benefits for the development of anti-cancer drugs.

Introduction: Nowadays, there is a growing trend to use natural medicines with low side effects, and research on medicinal raw materials used in traditional medicine has become more widespread. Therefore, it is important to obtain a suitable drug form from Plantago Major L and to conduct chemical and pharmaceutical technology research. Material and method: The research was conducted in the pharmaceutical industry and technology laboratory. A granule formulation with several variants consisting of a concentrated extract and excipients was obtained. The sum of flavonoids of Plantago Major L extracts and Granular Dosage Forms was detected by thin-layer chromatography in a suitable solvent system prepared in the ratio of ethyl acetate, formic acid, glacial acetic acid, and water (100: 11:11:26). The total flavonoid content of the drug forms was determined by spectrophotometry. Result: Technological researches were carried out with lactose and glucose fillers, gelatin 8%, polyvinyl chloride (PVP) 6%, starch 5% binders, talc 1%, magnesium stearate 1% sliding and lubricating agents and the wet granulation method was used to obtain granules in several variants and was determined by using parameters such as particle spill weight and flow quality. In this research, the flow rate of Plantago Major L grains with lactose as a filler and PVP as a binder was -2.8 ± 0.18 g / sec (p <0.001) and the spill weight was -0.54 ± 0.03 g /cm3 (p <0.001). Based on the results of the above research, lactose was added as a filler, PVP as a binder, 6% as a slide and lubricant, 3% as talc and 1% as magnesium stearate, and the granular drug technology was developed by wet granulation. Analysis of the total flavonoids by thin-layer chromatography revealed the same level of yellow-brown spots (Rf = 0.4) on the plate. The total flavonoid content of the granules from Plantago Major L was 3.8 ± 0.2% (p <0.002). Conclusion In this study, a simple and suitable drug formulation from Plantago Major L was successfully obtained and it was a basic research to make new drug formulations in further needs.

Abstract We have worked on the research related with total flavonoid isolated Rhododendron Adamsii Rehder, which enhance and restore physical energy and reduce mental pain. According to the result, the highest amount (2.4±0.007%) of the total flavonoids was found in the 40% ethanol extract of Rhododendron Adamsii Rehder at 60 minutes of extraction time. Subsequently, the granulated formulation from the extract of Rhododendron Adamsii Rehder was prepared by using 4% of gelatin, 4% of polyvinylchloride and 4% of carboxymethyl cellulose. The fluidity and pouring weight of the granule was evaluated and 4% of gelatin was chosen as the suitable binder for the formulation. In conclusion, we have successfully developed the granulated formulation from Rhododendron Adamsii Rehder.

Background: Infections in respiratory systems have spread throughout the world without any restrictions including living places, public issues, and lifestyle. Three main causes of illnesses for the population of cities and rural areas were gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. After investigated some medicinal herbs including Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa, it has been reported that they had antiinflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing effects. Lozenge formulation has some advantages for treatment application, such as easily absorbed, good bioavailability and ability of diminishing stomach irritation. In this study, we aimed to obtain a suitable extract from Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa for further lozenge formulation. Purpose: To obtain a suitable extract from Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa, and to conduct qualitative and quantitative studies for some biologically active substances Materials and methods: In this study, an aerial part of Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa were used, and the study was conducted in MUPS. For obtaining a suitable extract, the raw materials were extracted by remaceration, repercolation and circulation methods in 20% and 70% of ethanol and distilled water. The flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were determined by thin layer chromatography. Quantitative analysis for total flavonoids was performed by spectrophotometer. Results: According to the result, a yellow spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa), indicating that flavonoid contained in the extracted solution.
The result was compared to standards of rutin (Rf=0.2) and quercetin (Rf= 0.94). Also, a black, blue spot-on chromatogram was detected in extracted raw materials (Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa), indicating that polyphenols contained in the extracted solution. The spots were compared to gallic acid as a standard substance. In the quantitative assay of total flavonoids in raw materials, black-green precipitation was revealed after procedure. From this result, remaceration and circulation techniques were suitable to extract the raw materials. Flavonoid content was 3.35±0.04% after using remaceration technique, which indicated that it was more suitable to extract the raw materials. Conclusions These results showed that the appropriate extracting solution for Stelleria Chamaejasme L. and Oxytropis Pseudoglandulosa was 70% of ethanol. In this case, 3.35±0.04% of flavonoid was extracted by remaceration technique.

Introduction: Amenorrhea has still been listed as one of common diseases among women in Mongolia. Some traditional prescription for amenorrhea, used commonly in Mongolian traditional medicine, needs more attention to dig out its scientific proof of therapeutic effect on pathogenesis of some diseases. Therefore, we aimed to research Shimshin-6 traditional prescription to develop a granule formulation for amenorrhea and other female reproductive diseases, and study its qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Material and method: In this study, Shimshin-6 traditional prescription was randomly collected from 5 pharmaceutical manufacturers named as “Х-1, Х-2, Х-3, Х-4 and Х-5”. The collected prescriptions were granulated and optimized by a wet-granulation method. Then, granule spill weight and flow quality were detected in obtained granule formulation. Result: 20 types of granule formulation from Shimshin-6 were obtained by using 8% and 10% of gelatin, 6% and 8% of polyvinylpyrrolidone as a binder in these formulations. As a result, the suitable binder in this formulation was detected 6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone after researching the granule spill weight and flow rate. For the granule formulations of X-1, X-2 and X-5 prescriptions, the polyvinylpyrrolidone was chosen as the suitable binder due to the result from granule spill weight of the formulation. As for the X-3 and X-4 prescriptions, gelatin was the suitable binder in these formulations. After studying the flow quality of newly obtained granule formulations from “Х- 1, Х-2, Х-3, Х-4 and Х-5”, the most suitable binder was polyvinylpyrrolidone. Conclusion Altogether, these results showed that the most suitable binder for granulating Shimshin-6 traditional medicine was 6% of polyvinylpyrrolidone due to the results from granule spill weight and flow rate.

Abstract Mana-4, an herbal medicine, had been used to treat incomplete-mannered and infection-caused hot disease in Mongolian traditional medicine. It has already reported that Mana-4 acts as an anti-inflammation agent, an activator of T and B cells, an immune-modulator and an inducer of cellular proliferation. Moreover, it enhances the immune system and energy level of human body. It was confirmed that the main active compounds in Mana-4 are inulin and total flavonoids which are effective for many diseases. Drug formulation types are very important to delivery the drugs to the targeted tissues and organs without loss of active ingredients. Total flavonoids in the extract of Mana-4 and granulated Mana-4 was qualitatively evaluated by TLC and yellow-brown spots (Rf was 0.4) were found on TLC plates, indicating that the preparations contained flavonoids. Also, it confirmed that the appropriate extractor of total flavonoids from Mana-4 was 70% of ethanol. In conclusion, the tablet formulation from Mana-4 was successfully prepared and the quality requirements was allowable.