Background: Cranial trauma is a major cause of death among types of trauma. So far, although pediatric cranial trauma can leave more severe consequences, it has not still been adequate attended.\r\n', u'Objectives: To study clinical characteristics and cranial trauma treatment of under 16 years old children in Binh Dinh General Hospital. Subjects and method: A retrospective study was conducted on 256 under 16 year old patients with cranial trauma (180 males, 76 female) in Binh Dinh General Hospital from January, 2005 to September, 2005. Results:Cranial trauma in children was common seen in male/female ratio as 70.31/29.69. Common aged between 3-16 years old (89%). Main cause of it was traffic accident (64.5%). 100% of patients admitted to hospital with a Glasgow score 11 points. In those aged 3-16 years old, 14.03% of them with score of Glasgow coma scale \ufffd?2 points. Cranial CT scans: 78 patients, Cranial X-rays: 122 patients. Surgical rate 10.6%. Mean surgical days was 5.12\xb13.80 days. Complication rate was 33.2%. Non-operative mortality was 1.56%. Conclusion: Cranial trauma was common seen in those aged 3-16 years old, in male more than female. According to Glasgow outcome scale, good recovery rate achieved 65.23%. \r\n', u'
Craniocerebral Trauma/ diagnosis ; surgery ; therapy ; Child ; Child ; Preschool ;

Purpose: Laparoscopic surgery is considered a promising approach for Hartmann reversal but is also a complicated major surgical procedure. We conducted a retrospective analysis at a city hospital in Vietnam to evaluate the treatment technique and outcomes of laparoscopic Hartmann reversal (LHR). Methods: A colorectal surgery database in 5 years between 2015 and 2019 (1,175 cases in total) was retrieved to collect 35 consecutive patients undergoing LHR. Results: The patients had a median age of 61 years old. The median operative time was 185 minutes. All the procedures were first attempted laparoscopically with a conversion rate of 20.0% (7 of 35 cases). There was no intraoperative complication. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 0 and 11.4% (2 medical, 1 deep surgical site infection, and 1 anastomotic leak required reoperation) respectively. The median time to first bowel activity was 2.8 days and median length of hospital stay was 8 days. Conclusion When performed by skilled surgeons, LHR is a feasible and safe operation with acceptable morbidity rate.

Sialolithiasis is a condition in which the salivary gland excretory duct is obstructed due to the formation of calcareous deposits and is uncommon in children compared to adults. The treatment modalities range from a conservative approach involving hydration to a surgical approach. Though several studies have analyzed the sialolith micromorphology structures, studies on pediatric sialoliths remain scarce. This brief communication aims to describe the sialolith micromorphology to understand the mechanism of mineralization and growth of pediatric sialoliths. A 6-year-old Korean female presented with swelling under her tongue. The intraoral examination revealed a painless yellowish hard mass beneath the tongue near the Wharton’s duct which was suspected as a sialolith. After receiving the informed consent, the sialolithotomy was performed under local anesthesia. The obtained stone was analyzed through histopathology and transmission electron microscope examinations to understand the mechanism of mineralization and growth of pediatric sialolith. The micromorphology and growth processes of pediatric sialolith remain undescribed. More comprehensive microscopic studies are needed regarding their distinctive characteristics. By expanding knowledge about sialoliths micromorphology, development of new preventive, diagnostic and patient-tailored treatment methods of pediatric sialolithiasis will be enhanced.

Sphaeranthus africanus is commonly used as a traditional remedy for sore throats and pain treatment in Vietnam. The aerial parts have been studied for its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. However, the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the plant has not been explored. In this work, hydrophilic extracts of the plant's aerial parts were prepared in order to investigate its antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. Also, the cytotoxicity of the root was evaluated and compared to that of the aerial parts. All of the extracts inhibited lipid peroxidation with IC 50 values ranging from 2.05 to 3.56 µg/mL, indicating substantial antioxidant activity. At an IC 50 value of 4.80 μg/mL, the 50% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent inhibition of α-glucosidase. The cytotoxic activity of root extracts is 2 to 5-fold less than that of the aerial parts. Nevertheless, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of the root demonstrated a selective effect on leukemia cells, with no harm towards the normal HEK-293 cell line. This work provides a scientific support for the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the plant. Hence, it may find a promising material for the development of novel antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. More research can be conducted on the phytochemistry and anticancer activities of the plant’s root.

In disease diagnostics and health surveillance, the use of saliva has potential because its collection is convenient and noninvasive. Over the past two decades, the development of salivary utilization for the early detection of cancer, especially oral cavity and oropharynx cancer has gained the interest of the researcher and clinician. Until recently, the oral cavity and oropharynx cancers are still having a five-year survival rate of 62%, one of the lowest in all major human cancers. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite the ease of accessing the oral cavity in clinical examination, most OSCC lesions are not diagnosed in the early stage, which is suggested to be the main cause of the low survival rate. Many studies have been performed and reported more than 100 potential saliva biomarkers for OSCC. However, there are still obstacles in figuring out the reliable OSCC salivary biomarkers and the clinical application of the early diagnosis protocol. The current review article discusses the emerging issues and is hoped to raise awareness of this topic in both researchers and clinicians. We also suggested the potential salivary biomarkers that are reliable, specific, and sensitive for the early detection of OSCC.

OBJECTIVES: Dental implants shorter than 8 mm, called short dental implants (SDIs), have been considered to have a lower success rate than standard length implants. But recent studies have shown that SDIs have a comparable success rate, and implant diameter was more important for implant survival than implant length. Also, SDIs have many advantages, such as no need for sinus lifting or vertical bone grafting, which may limit use in medically compromised patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 33 patients with 47 implants 7-mm long were examined over the last four years. All patients had special medical history and were categorized into 3 groups: systemic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (controlled or uncontrolled), mental disability, and uncontrolled hypertension; oral cancer ablation with reconstruction, with or without radiotherapy; diverse osteomyelitis, such as osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Most of these patients have insufficient residual bone quality due to mandible atrophy or sinus pneumatization. RESULTS: The implant diameters were 4.0 (n=38), 4.5 (n=8), and 5.0 mm (n=1). Among the 47 implants placed, 2 implants failed before the last follow-up. The survival rate of 7-mm SDIs was 95.74% from stage I surgery to the last follow-up. Survival rates did not differ according to implant diameter. The mean marginal bone loss (MBL) at 3 months, 1 and 2 years was significantly higher than at implant installation, and the MBL at 1 year was also significantly higher than at 3 months. MBL at 1 and 2 years did not differ significantly. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study, the results indicate that SDIs provide a reliable treatment, especially for medically compromised patients, to avoid sinus lifting or vertical bone grafting. Further, long-term follow-up is needed.

Solitary plasmacytoma (SP) is an uncommon form of plasma cell neoplasm occurring intraosseously or in soft tissue and presents as a single mass of monoclonal plasma cells. SP in the maxillary sinus is rare and can be misdiagnosed as other maxillary sinus tumors. The essential examinations in patients with the initial diagnosis of plasmacytoma are bone marrow biopsy, serum and urine electrophoresis, and kappa/lambda ratio (κ:λ ratio) to rule out multiple myeloma (MM). Herein, a rare case of SP in the maxillary sinus treated by surgery and localized radiation is reported. At the 10-year follow-up examination, local recurrence or disseminated development of MM were not evident.

Objectives: The mandible and other parts of the maxillofacial region suffer significant morbid injuries following road traffic accidents. Our studygives epidemiological description of mandibular fractures in Ghana and also evaluates the relevance of closed reduction and indirect fixation for managing mandibular fractures in low-resource health facilities in low-income countries like Ghana. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving 268 patients who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Sunyani Regional Hospital with mandibular fractures from January 2010 to December 2019. Patient medical records were assessed for information on age, sex, fracture etiology, anatomic location of fracture, time of day of road traffic accident, and other associated injuries. Results: A total of 268 patients were included in this study (males, 216 [80.6%]; females, 52 [19.4%]). Motor vehicular accident (MVA) was the lead-ing cause of mandibular fractures (202 injuries, 75.4%). Other etiologies included assault (39, 14.6%), gunshot (13, 4.9%), falls (12, 4.5%), and indus-trial accidents (2, 0.7%). Of the 161 male cases caused by MVA, 121 (75.2%) occurred at night and in the evening while the remaining 40 (24.8%) oc-curred in the morning and afternoon. Among all managed 222 patients, 212 (79.1%) were treated with closed reduction and indirect fixation technique while 10 (3.7%) were treated with open reduction and direct fixation. Conclusion Closed reduction with indirect fixation could successfully be used to manage mandibular fractures in low resourced health facilities, es-pecially in low-income countries. The poor lightening system on roads in Ghana is a major contributory factor to motor vehicular accidents.

Sodium hydroxide or caustic soda is a corrosive agent that can cause extensive damage to the oral mucosa, lips, and tongue when ingested either accidentally or intentionally. These injuries include microstomia, shallow vestibule, ankyloglossia, speech impairment, loss of teeth and impairment in facial expression. In the present article, we report a unique case of tongue adhesion to the mouth floor and its surgical management in a 66-year-old female patient, who had a history of caustic soda ingestion.

Objectives: Myxomatous odontogenic tumors (MOTs) are the third most common odontogenic tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. Due to its slow-growing, but locally invasive nature, the tumor is usually detected by accident or only when it becomes a large mass, which causes facial deformity. Materials and Methods: Current study reports three unusual cases of MOT including huge myxoma involve the mandible in middle-aged man, MOT with ossifying fibroma pattern in mandible, and MOT in maxilla of young female patient. The diagnosis and treatment strategy of MOTs was also summarized and updated. Results: In reported three cases of patients with large MOTs, surgical treatment was indicated with fibular free flap reconstruction in the mandible and plate reconstruction in the maxilla. The tumors were successfully treated with radical resection and did not show signs of recurrence during the followup period. Conclusion Surgical treatment indication depends on size, the position of the lesion, patient systemic condition and surgeon individual experience.In the case of a large tumor, radical resection and reconstruction is the standard surgical strategy. The conservative surgical treatment including enucleation with wide curettage is still under controversy. The recurrence rate for MOTs is significantly high, up to 30%, therefore long-term follow-up is essential.