The result of dissolution test of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim from 6 investigating tablet samples demonstrates that the dissolution rate of substances is very various. It means that the dissolution of water slightly soluble substances from solid dosage forms is influenced by the formula and the technique of preparation
Sulfamethoxazole ; Trimethoprim

Penicillin ; Trimethoprim ; therapeutic aspects ; Streptomycin

No abstract available.
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic* ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) in mice experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated. The average survival days and survival rate of mice infected intraperitoneally with 1 x 10(5) trophozoites and treated with Bactrim were compared with those of untreated group. The hematologic findings of blood samples of experimental mice were observed for comparison of side effects between Bactrim and pyrimethamine (Daraprim), the latter of which has been one of the favorable drugs for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The results are summarized as follows: Bactrim showed a strong evidence of potent anti-Toxoplasma activity. The survival rate of mice administered with 24 mg of Bactrim per mouse per day for 7 days, was 83.3 percent, and the rate was increased to 100 percent in mice administered with two-fold concentrated dose of the drug. The average numbers of white blood cells (W.B.C.) in the mouse groups treated with Bactrim or Daraprim were more increased than those only infected with T. gondi . The mice treated with Daraprim, however, showed remarkably decreased numbers of W.B.C. as compared with those treated with Bactrim. The average numbers of red blood cells (R.B.C.) and platelets both in the drug-treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased as compared with normal mice. The numbers of R.B.C. in Daraprim-treated mice, however, were more decreased than in Bactrim-treated mice. The average levels of hemoglobin both in the drug-treated and untreated T. gondii-infected mice were decreased, compared with normal mice. But there was no difference in the levels of hemoglobin between Bactrim- and Daraprim-treated groups. In conclusion, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) was proven to be effective and safe for the treatment of murine toxoplasmosis. The efficacy was comparable with pyrimethamine (Daraprim), but bone marrow depression was less severe with Bactrim treatment.
parasitology-protozoa ; Toxoplasma gondii ; toxoplasmosis ; chemotherapy ; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ; pyrimethamine ; mouse ; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ; pyrimethamine

A 32-year-old man presented with epigastric pain. He had a previous episode of acute pancreatitis of undetermined cause 2 years earlier. The patient had taken trimethoprim (80 mg) and sulfamethoxazole (400 mg) twice daily because of acute urethritis 3 days prior to admission. No definite cause of acute pancreatitis could be identified on baseline studies. A thorough history-taking revealed that the patient had an episode of acute pancreatitis while taking trimethoprim (80 mg) and sulfamethoxazole (400 mg) twice daily for 2 weeks for prostatitis prior to the previous admission. Therefore, a cause-and-effect relationship between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and repeated episodes of pancreatitis was highly suggested. The patient was presumably diagnosed as TMP-SMX-induced pancreatitis. The final diagnosis was TMP-SMX-induced pancreatitis. Since drugs are rare causes of acute pancreatitis and the diagnosis of drug-induced pancreatitis is difficult to establish, we report this interesting case along with a review of medical literature.
Adult ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; Prostatitis ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Trimethoprim ; Urethritis ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

In spite of highly developed antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, genitourinary tract infection still remains as troublesome subjects for urologists. New bactericidal agent, Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) was administered in 18 cases of genitourinary tact infection, which were resistant to most antibiotics and following results were obtained. 1) Among 9 cases of non-gonococcal urethritis. 5 cases were cured completely, 4 cases were improved. 2) Among 7 cases of chronic prostatitis, one case was cured but only mild improvement were noted in remaining 6 cases. 3) 2 cases of pyelonephritis showed improvement in both clinically and bacteriologically.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Prostatitis ; Pyelonephritis ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination* ; Urethritis

A case of congenital malaria infection has been studied in a 46-day old female Korean infant. Her mother suffered from malaria infection during pregnancy in Uppervolta, Africa, and returned to Korea at the 9th month of gestation for delivery. At 39 days of age, the clinical features characterized by fever, irritability, pallor, jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were developed. The laboratory data revealed a hemolytic anemia with thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia and increased hepatic enzyme values. A peripheral blood smear demonstrated intraerythrocytic malarial parasites snd gametocytes of Plasmodium falcifarum. She was successfully treated with quinine sulfate (25 mg/kg/day in three doses for 5 days) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8 mg/kg/day in two doses for 5 days) orally, and repeated blood smear had been negative for malaria. This report also signifies the frst description of congenital malaria in Korea imported from Uppervolta in Africa. A brief review of related literature was made.
parasitology-protozoa ; malaria-congenital ; Plasmodium falciparum ; quinine ; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is an antibiotic used for the treatment or prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia and other infectious conditions. Sulfonamide derivatives have been reported to cause delayed hypersensitivity reactions, resulting in switch to less effective second-line antibiotics. Although desensitization is traditionally known to be effective in patients with immediate hypersensitivity, it is also applied to the treatment of delayed hypersensitivity in recent years. A 66-year-old female who had a history of repeated TMP-SMX-induced delayed hypersensitivity presenting as whole body rashes needed to take prophylactic dose of TMP-SMX (80/400 mg daily) before initiation of chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. Intravenous rapid desensitization was performed by using a 11-step, 4-bottle protocol from 1:1,000 to 1:1 solution for 3 hours to reach the target dose for prophylaxis. After successful rapid desensitization of TMP-SMX, 1-month prophylaxis was completed without any complications until the patient recovered normal immunity. We herein reported a case of delayed hypersensitivity reaction to TMP-SMX in an about-to-be immunocompromised host with planned chemotherapy who successfully completed 1-month prophylaxis with the drug without any complications through rapid desensitization.
Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Drug Therapy ; Exanthema ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed* ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Immunocompromised Host ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Trimethoprim ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

One hundred and thirty trimethoprim-resistant R plasmids derived from of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens and feces of healthy collegians were examined for incompatibility, EcoRI endonuclease restriction fragment pattern, and Southern hybridization with DHFR I, II, III, V, and VII probe. 1. Most trimethoprim-resistant R plasmids were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and kanamycin, and showed multiple drug resistance and various antimicrobial resistance patterns. 2. Trimethoprim-resistant R plasmids ranged from 90 to 50 kilobase and 42.3% of R plasmids tested were classified to incompatibilty group Inc FI, Inc FII or Inc FIV, 3. Among 48 random selected R plasmids from various origin, 14 R plasmids (including 9 of 14 Inc FII plasmids and 3 of 14 Inc FI plasmids) hybridized with DHFR VII oligonucleotide probe but others did not respond to any of DHFR probes used. 4. Most R plasmids showed various EcoRI endonuclease fragments and different reaction sites by Southern hybridization. Six plasmids showed identical or nearly identical molecular weight, EcoRI endonuclease fragment patterns and different sites of Southern hybridization. But 2 Inc FII plasmids derived from urine and feces showed identical pattern. These findings, if confirmed by further studies, suggest that normal flora E. coli can act as reservoir of resistant genes and, consequently, as a factor in the dissemination of these genes among enteric pathogens and need to be examined further.
Ampicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Feces ; Gentamicins ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline ; Kanamycin ; Molecular Biology* ; Molecular Weight ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Tetracycline ; Trimethoprim Resistance* ; Trimethoprim*

Bactrim consists of the sulfonamides trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. These induce relatively frequent adverse drug reactions, including allergic reactions ranging from urticaria to anaphylaxis. Either component can be the causative allergen, so it is necessary to determine which has caused an allergic reaction to prevent further allergy. We report the case of a 46-year-old male with chronic renal failure who experienced anaphylactic shock twice after ingesting trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as was proven by the medical history and skin prick testing. Enzyme-linked immunoassays and enzyme-linked allergen inhibition assays for allergen-specific IgE antibody for the five components of Bactrim showed that sulfamethoxazole was the causative allergen.
Anaphylaxis ; Drug Toxicity ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoassay ; Immunoglobulin E ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Sulfamethoxazole ; Sulfonamides ; Trimethoprim ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination ; Urticaria