No abstract available.
Transportation*

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of 2 thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems in simulated curved canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW) and WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona) instruments. Standard pre- and post-preparation images were taken and superimposed. The removal of resin material was measured at 5 standard points: the canal orifice, halfway between the canal orifice and the beginning of the curve, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point of the simulated canal. The data were analysed using the independent sample t-test with a 5% significance threshold. RESULTS: The canals in which Reciproc Blue R25 was used showed a significantly greater widening than those in which WaveOne Gold was used at 4 of the 5 measurement points (p < 0.05). The Reciproc Blue R25 instrument removed significantly more resin from the inner aspect of the curve at 2 of the 5 points and similar amounts at the remaining 3 points. At the 2 apical points, there was no significant difference between the Reciproc Blue R25 and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments. CONCLUSION: Both instruments respected the original canal anatomy; however, WaveOne Gold resulted in a more conservative shape with less transportation.
Transportation

There are increasing usage of Nickel-Titanium rotary files in modern clinical endodontic treatment because it is effective and faster than hand filing due to reduced step. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of canal preparations using 3 different rotary Nickel-Titanium files that has different cross sectional shape and taper on the maintenance of canal curvature. Simulated resin block were instrumented with Profile(Dentsply, USA), GT rotary files(Dentsply, USA), Hero 642(Micro-Mega, France), and Pro-Taper(Dentsply, USA). The image of Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation were acquired using digital camera and overspreaded in the computer. Then the total differences of canal diameter, deviation at the outer portion of curvature, deviation at the inner portion of curvature, movement of center of the canal and the centering ratio at the pre-determined level from the apex were measured. Results were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA, followed by Scheffe test at a significance level of 0.05. The results were as follows; 1. Deviation at the outer portion of curvature, deviation at the inner portion of curvature were showed largest in Pro-Taper, so also did in the total differences of canal diameter(p<0.05). 2. All the groups showed movements of center. Profile combined with GT rotary files and Hero 642 has no difference but Pro-Taper showed the most deviation(p<0.05). 3. At the 1, 2, 3mm level from the apex movements of center directed toward the outer portion of curvature, but in 4, 5 mm level directed toward the inner portion of curvature(p<0.05). As a results of this study, it could be concluded that combined use of other Nickel-Titanium rotary files is strongly recommended when use Pro-Taper file because it could be remove too much canal structure and also made more deviation of canal curvature than others.
Hand ; Transportation

No abstract available.
Aircraft* ; Transportation*

Transport for pediatric patients from one department to another ones in the same hospital or from one hospital to another must be sure of their safety and during the transportation, the patients’ situation were followed up and treated appropriately. The patient needs to move to a better place that includes care condition and treatment or where the explorative tests can be done to server for diagnosis and treatment
Pediatrics, Transportation

No abstract available.
Aircraft* ; Emergencies* ; Transportation*

No abstract available.
Disasters* ; Humans ; Transportation*

Introduction: The mode and speed of transportation to the Accident and Emergency Department (AED) of hospitals is very important for critically ill patients. This study looked at the mode of transportation to the AED at the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPAS) Hospital. Materials and Methods: Three different time periods: Period A from 15th May to 31st May 2004, (17 days, n=2,170 without prioritising), Period B from 1st January 2004 to 31st July 2006 (31 months, n=235 dead on arrival and resuscitation cases), and Period C from 20th to 26th November 2006 (7 days, all Priority Cases 1 to 3) were reviewed. Data on mode of transportation and triage categories were extracted from the ambulance response sheets. Results: During Period A, the main mode of transportation to the AED was private vehicles (90.7%) followed by ambulance (7.9%), and other transportation (1.4%). During study Period B, the main mode of transportation was also private transports (50.2%) followed closely by ambulance (48.5%) and other transportation (1.3%). During Period C, Priority 1 cases (life-threatening conditions, n=7(, most were transported with private transport (71.4%) followed by ambulance (28.6%); Priority 2 (n=232) cases, majority were transported with private transport (89.2%), followed by ambulance (10.3%), and one case used police transportation; and in Priority 3 cases (non-life threatening conditions, n=1,010), almost all were transported with private transport (98.7%), followed by police (0.9%) and ambulance (0.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Utilisation of designated emergency transportation is low especially for the moderate to seriously ill (Priority 1 and 2) patients when compared to other well developed countries. More needs to be done to improve the usage of emergency transportations especially for the seriously ill cases.
Emergencies ; Transportation ; Resource Allocation

Flightdeck behaviour and flight safety are influenced by the national, organizational, and professional cultures of crewmembers. National complexity of the operating environment ensure that error will be an inevitable occurrence. The influences of three cultures that are relevant to the cockpit are described; the professional culture of the pilots, organizational cultures, and the national cultures surrounding individuals and their organizations. This study review the cultural difference of crewmember in Korea based on Hofstede and Helmreich study. The study concludes with a suggestion of CRM in Korea as strategy necessary for a safety culture considering the multi-cultures cockpit.
Humans* ; Korea ; Organizational Culture ; Transportation*

This study investigated the effect of anticurvature filing method on preparation of the curved root canal using ProFile. Thirty six resin blocks were divided equally into three groups by instrumentation motions: anticurvature filing motion, circumferential filing motion and straight up-and-down motion. Each resin block was sectioned at 8 mm level from the apex and at the greatest curvature of the canal and reassembled in metal mold by a modified Bramante technique. All groups were instrumented with the ProFile system. At each levels, image of sectioned surface were taken using CCD camera under a stereomicroscope at x40 magnification and stored. Distances of transportation at the inner and outer area of curvature and the centering ratio were determined and compared by statistical analysis, along with the assessment of the increase of root canal cross-sectional area. The results were as follows; 1. In all groups, there was no statistical difference in the mean increase of root canal cross-sectional area, the centering ratio, and the mean distances of transportation at the inner area of curvature at each level. 2. At 8 mm level from the apex, the mean distances of transportation at the outer area of curvature decreases in following order anticurvature filing motion, circumferential filing motion, straight up-and-down motion but, no significant difference at the greatest curvature of the canal among three groups. Effect of anticurvature filing motion using ProFile does not seem to be different from other instrumentation motions at the inner area of curvature in curved root canal.
Dental Pulp Cavity* ; Fungi ; Transportation