No abstract available.
Synaptic Transmission*

HIV Infections ; transmission ; Humans

A community based study was realized from 1996 to 1998 on 400 school children in An Phu district (an outbreak occurred in 1994) and Tan chau district (control district), An Giang province. After 3 years of follow up the results showed that the HEV prevalence in school children was not a high. Prevalence of HEV infection was 21.6% (in An Phu) and 8% (in Tan Chau). Sero-conversion rate in An Phu and in Tan Chau after 1 year of follow-up was 0.7% and 1.2%, and after 2 years was 5.1% and 1.9% respectively. Prevalence of HEV infection of family members of HEV(+) school-children was 14.7%, while this prevalence of HEV(-) school-children was 5.9% living together in the same household might be one of risk factors for HEV transmission. Against a background of low anti-HEV prevalence, and low sero-conversion in an area of previous outbreak occurrence, the potential of epidemic transmission among a 'succeptible population' remains high, particularly in flooding season
Hepatitis E ; transmission ; child

Over the past years, malaria situation in Thua Thien – Hue province has much been improved. The inner malaria prevalence has basically been controlled with the low local transmission in the endemic areas. However, maintenance of the achieved results are facing lots of challenges including unorganized migration of population and illegal border-crossing business. To overcome these difficulties, during the period 2001-2003 the malaria surveillance in 12 communes, along the Vietnamese-Lao border was strengthened with the active participation of both civilian and military health services by Malaria Protection Center of Thua Thien – Hue province
Malaria ; epidemiology ; transmission

Hair* ; Synaptic Transmission*

Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Mycoplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission

Study 3 representative districts of Ho Chi Minh city on number of people and the risk of acquiring HIV. The result shows some factors relating to high risk of acquiring HIV: 75,8% HIV found in drug addicted persons, especially the number of prostitute using drug tends to increase, and risker is easy and depraved life including using the same injection needle and do not use comdon when clients order. Besides, other factors include street children with the age of 10 to 19, construction workers. Therefore, there is a need to improve the awareness and practice skills to change behaviors leading to high level of acquiring HIV. And enhance the capacity of staff and their profession and skills in managing, caring, consulting and treating HIV-infected persons
HIV ; transmission ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: Cau Giay is a district within Hanoi city, where diverse people live. Motorbike Taxi Drivers (MTDs) are at high-risk of HIV infection. Objectives: To study the knowledge, attitude and HIV transmission behaviors among MTDs in Cau Giay district. Subjects and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out between March and October 2007 on 250 MTDs who worked at Cau Giay district. Results and conclusions:30.4% MTDs perceived that HIV could not be transmitted to others via sharing nail clippers or scissors with HIV infected people, 42% believed HIV can transmit via mosquito bites, 72% thought the rate of the HIV transmission from mother to child was 100%, 40% were aware that HIV could be recognized from people's appearance. Only 26.5% of the respondents were aware of the 3 main effects of condom use (including prevention from pregnancy, STls and HIV). 83.2% considered HIV/AIDS infected people as social evils such as injecting drug users, Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs). 23.2% MTDs showed are agreeable when being asked to look for CSWs by customers. 12% MTDs agreed to seek out drugs when the customers requested. The survey also reveals that there were 49.2% of MTDs having sex with CSWs within the last 6 months, of which, 58.2% did not regularly practice safe sex with CSWs. Some risk factors included low level of education, time of being MTD >3 years, low income (less than 2,000,000 VND a month), less frequent appraisal books and newspapers. MTDs that were ready to look for CSWs and drugs via customers\u2019 requests also had high risk of using drugs as well as unsafe sex.
HIV transmission knowledge ; HIV transmission attitude ; HIV transmission behavior ; motorbike taxi driver

OBJECTIVETo identify Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats and areas with high transmission potential by GIS/RS.

METHODSMarshland areas near high endemic villages of schistosomiasis in the Poyang Lake region were selected. Corresponding map was digitized and (Landsat 5 TM) image was corrected according to the digital map. The image in dry seasons was calculated by both normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and tasseled cap model.

RESULTSResult showed that snails spots were distributed in class 6, 7 and 8. Farther analysis of both NDVI and tasseled cap model showed that the snail habitats were mainly distributed in the areas where NDVI value was more than 110, and in tasseled cap wetness value between -10 to 3 with correction rate 94.93%.

CONCLUSIONFirst step was to use unsupervised classification to define the class 6, 7 and 8 snail habitat environment. Second step was to extract the value by NDVI model, and to define a healthy vegetation as snail suspicious habitat when NDVI value was more than 110. Then the third step was to use tasseled cap wetness model to define the areas as snail habitats which value was between -10 to 3.

Bacterial Infections ; transmission ; Drug Resistance, Microbial