The maximal doses of Pancreatine, in concentrations of 1.5%o and 3%o that can be given in mice, equivalent 0.450g/1ml distilled water/mouse (preparation 1.5%o and 0.90g/1ml distilled water/mouse (preparation 3%o, ie 200 times the dose for pigs, were administered in mice orally. After the trial of acute toxicity, our finding are as follows: After 72 hours signs of poisoning or deaths were not observed. LD50 could not be determined because of the potential low toxicity of the product
Acute Toxicity Tests ; Poisoning

A study on the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides has shown that concentration of chromatic compounds in the fruit of plant was 21,2% (w/w). The LD 50 of extraction from fruits determined as method of Behrens-Karber was relatively high (83g/kg). Therefore, the dose of 6-12 g can be used for safe treatment
Acute Toxicity Tests ; Fruit

There are some inapropriate problems: 1. The number of mice according to method from 30-100; 2. The weight of mice is 16-22g but most common is 19+/-1g(45 days);3. If oral dosage: 0.2 ml/10 g mice, if body weight:19+/- 1 g: the same dose of 0.4-0.5 ml/mice; 4. As calculating method of Behrens, the number of mice can provide LD 50 with small adds; 5. Safe maximal dose; 6. The mice is monitored mainly during first 24 hours. The monitoring time may be 36-48 hours; 7. The morphological, frequency and amplitude change of all waves in electrocardiogram and encephalogram should be nomitored.
Acute Toxicity Tests

There different extract solutions of Kim Ngan Hoa were used in this study. The experimental results showed that: Kim Ngan Hoa has analgesic effect on two experimental models, hotplate and writing test on mice. Beside of analgesic effect, it has significantly acute antiinflammatory effect on rats. The effects of flavonoid and the alcoholic extract are potent than the effects of the water extract. Three extract solutions from Kim Ngan Hoa have also inhibitory effect in vitro the developing of three bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three preparations from Kim Ngan Hoa have very low acute toxicity
Acute Toxicity Tests ; Research ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Toxicity

OBJECTIVETo analyze the results of the first-stage toxicological evaluation of 1 502 pesticide samples.

METHODSThe classification of the 1 502 pesticide samples was analyzed, and the experimental results of the samples in different years were compared.

RESULTSMost of the 1 502 pesticide samples were insecticides, accounting for 52.5% of all, followed by bactericides and herbicides. In the 5 years, the proportion of biogenic insecticides showed a significant rising trend (χ² = 11.426, P < 0.05). The proportion of single pesticides was 65.8%; mixed pesticides accounted for 32.7%; original pesticides accounted for only 1.5%. From 2008 to 2012, most pesticides had low toxicity, regardless of the exposure route (via the mouth, skin, or respiratory tract). Acute oral and dermal toxicity tests showed that pesticides with moderate toxicity declined year by year (oral exposure χ² = 18.036, P < 0.01; dermal exposure χ² = 40.482, P < 0.01). There was a small proportion of pesticides with high toxicity. We did not detect any pesticide with extreme toxicity. Acute skin irritation and eye irritation test showed an upward trend in proportion of non-irritating pesticides (χ² = 77.110, P < 0.01; χ² = 12.693, P < 0.05), while the proportion of medium-irritation pesticides decreased significantly (χ² = 18.941, P < 0.01; χ² = 13.129, P < 0.05). Sensitization test showed that all samples were weak sensitizers.

CONCLUSIONThe major type of investigated pesticides was insecticide. Most samples were single pesticides, and there was a certain proportion of mixed pesticides. Novel pesticides such as bio-pesticides are the development tendency. The tested pesticides were mainly low-toxicity pesticides, with a certain proportion of medium- and high-toxicity pesticides. Personal protection should be strengthened during production and use of pesticides.

Animals ; Pesticides ; classification ; toxicity ; Toxicity Tests, Acute

The traditional remedy of “Thap tu vi chi khai suyen” was derived from two traditional remedies of “Tam ao thang” and “Nhi tran thang”. It was produced by the Institute of Military Traditional Medicine and was presented as instant tea which met to all basic standards of Health Ministry. Studying acute toxicity (LD50) was performed on 50 white rats with two sexes; studying semi-polychronic toxicity was performed on 14 rabbits with two sexes. Results: sudying acute toxicity, LD50 was not found because the dose causing mice dead was not found. Studying semi-polychronic toxicity, there were no significant differences about biochemical and hematogenic indices between study group and control group.
Medicine, Traditional ; Acute Toxicity Tests

With the increase of global chemical production and the aggravation of population exposure and health risks, higher requirements are put forward for chemical toxicity testing and safety evaluation.'Toxicity testing in the 21^st century: a vision and a strategy' has greatly promoted the reform of toxicity testing. Toxicity testing in the new era has made great progress by using new models, new methods and new strategies, combined with interdisciplinary and high-tech advantages. While improving the efficiency of chemical toxicity testing, it also realizes more comprehensive, multi-level and high-quality data acquisition and toxicity evaluation, which provides strong support for the exploration of toxicity mode, toxicity mechanism and toxicity pathway. Focusing on the current alternative new methods of toxicity testing, this issue invites many scholars to introduce and summarize high-content analysis, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology, Ex vivo test, single cell sequencing and zebrafish experimental methods, in order to promote the leapfrog development of chemical toxicity testing and evaluation in China.
Animals ; China ; Toxicity Tests ; Zebrafish

OBJECTIVETo study the combined toxic effects of fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) on Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

METHODAll 60 SD male rats were divided into five groups randomly according to the body weight (12 every group). They were given FB(1) (100 microg/kg bw), AFB(1) (100 microg/kg bw), FB(1) plus AFB(1) (100 microg/kg bw respectively), FB(1) plus AFB(1) (50 microg/kg bw respectively) and distilled water respectively by gavage. The experiment persisted 30 days to observe the changes of growth and development, the food used rate, the haematological indexes, the blood biochemical indexes and the viscera histopathology.

RESULTSAt the end of the experiment, the mean body weight increased in the FB(1) plus AFB(1) (100 microg/kg bw respectively) group was (164.9 +/- 19.8) g and the mean body weight increased in the control group was (203.7 +/- 17.1) g. And the food used rate in the FB(1) plus AFB(1) (100 microg/kg bw respectively) group was (25.3 +/- 1.6)% and the food used rate in the control group was (28.1 +/- 1.2)%. There were significant differences in the mean body weight increased and the food used rate between the FB(1) plus AFB(1) (100 microg/kg bw respectively) group and the control group (P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences of body weights and food used rates between controls and AFB(1), FB(1), and low dose AFB(1) + FB(1) groups (P > 0.05). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutaminetransferase (gamma-GT) in serum of all of the treatment groups were increased, but the increasing extent was severe in the AFB(1) + FB(1) high dose group. At the same time the liver weight and kidney weight were decreased and the liver occurred with the remarkable histopathological lesions in the AFB(1) + FB(1) high dose group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum was decreased and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum was elevated in treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined toxic effects of AFB(1) and FB(1) existed in male SD rats. Our results provided the basic data for studying the combined effects on human exposed to these two mycotoxin at the same time.

Aflatoxin B1 ; toxicity ; Animals ; Fumonisins ; toxicity ; Male ; Mycotoxins ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toxicity Tests

Cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility remains the principal theme for biomaterials application in medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of collagen/hydroxyapatite(CHA) composite material in vitro in order to provide useful scientific basis for clinical use. Cellular cultivation in vitro and MTT assay were conducted for evaluating the composite material's influence on the morphology, growth and proliferation of cultured cell(L-929 cell). The hemolysis test was also performed for evaluating the impact on the function and metabolism of erythrocyte. These results demonstrated that the CHA composite material had no cytotoxicity and no hemolytic effect, and it might not be harmful to the morphology of the L-929 cell. The growth and proliferation of the L-929 cell could not be inhibited significantly. The cytotoxicity score of the composite material was grade 0. The hemolysis rate was 1.85%. In conclusion, collagen/hydroxyapatite (CHA) composite material might have good cytocompatibility and be safe for clinical use.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; toxicity ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; toxicity ; Hydroxyapatites ; toxicity ; Mice ; Prostheses and Implants ; Toxicity Tests ; Trachea

Animals ; Cyanides ; toxicity ; Mice ; Random Allocation ; Toxicity Tests, Chronic