Our experimental results showed that: 1. EBS1 have low acute toxicity in experimental models. 2. When EBS1 were administered to animals per os, the different parameters have no signification for: weight, liver, spleen, kidney, blood and biochemistry in comparision with control ones.
Toxicity

Introduction: Breast cancer is ranked first among other cancers in women. Ineffectiveness of current treatments and adverse effects such as multiple organ failure and nephrotoxicity are the common problems faced in cancer therapy. Therefore, alternatives to treat breast cancer metastasis with fewer toxic effects are actively sought-after. Dillenia suffruticosa (DS) commonly known as ‘Simpoh air’ has been a traditional remedy for cancer growth. Therefore, this study investigated the metastasis inhibiting properties of DS root dichloromethane extract (DCMDS) in tumour bearing female BALB/c mice and sub-acute multiple dose oral toxicity upon treatment with this extract. Methods: Forty-eight tumour bearing mice were given either oral treatment of DCMDS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) or doxorubicin (2 mg/kg) for 28 days and the degree of metastasis was analysed in each group. Thirty other female BALB/c mice were treated with DCMDS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and the general behaviours, biochemical, haematological and histopathological changes were observed. Data were analysed with One-way ANOVA and Dunnet’s test where p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: All doses of DCMDS showed lowered metastatic cells in liver and DCMDS at (50 and 100 mg/kg) had less metastatic cells in the heart compared to doxorubicin (2 mg/kg). All DCMDS treated groups showed no abnormal behaviours and all tested physiological parameter values fall within the normal ranges. Conclusion: DCMDS reduced metastasis of 4T1 cells to the liver and heart better than doxorubicin without causing toxicity. This study highlights that DCMDS is a promising drug to be further developed for cancer therapy
Toxicity

A restrospective study on the 30 patients with severe pregnancy toxicity in Hanoi hospital of Gynaecology and Obstetrics during 1995-1996 was implemented aiming to determination of the time for pregnancy intervention which prevent the pregnant women from the bad complications and finding the experiences in the diagnosis and management. Conclusions: the indication depends on the condition of eclampsia such as blood pressure; nervous symptoms and evaluation of renal functions (with or without complication in the process of treatment). The edema is reference symptom
Pregnancy ; Toxicity

The adverse drug events (ADE) is not only common but also expensive. Although it was expected that ADE could be prevented by using computer-based clinical decision support system (CDSS), it is not widely accepted in the clinical field. Therefore the purpose of this study was to verify whether CDSS can reduce ADE by meta-analysis. We searched literatures by Medline from 1975 to 2002 with key words of clinical decision support system, medication error, and adverse drug event. We also searched references of review articles as well as textbooks on medical informatics. The criteria for quality evaluation were as follows: 1) the objec t were physician, nurse, pharmacist, 2) case design for CDSS analysis was pe rformed random c linical te st of experimental-control group, 3) deal with a adverse drug event organization whether or not. Among 290 retrieved articles five studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. The overall effect size of the risk of adverse drug event due to CDSS was calculated by common odds ratio using MetaKorea (http://www.metakorea.or.kr). Before the integration of each effect sized into common eff ect sizes the homogene ity test were conducted. All studies were ca se control design and cases were ADEs. Homogenity of studies were conducted by Mantel-Haenszel method. The chi-square is 10.78 (p<0.05). For evaluation of odds ratio, random effec t model was used. The overall odds ratio of CDSS associated with ADE was 0.315201 (95% confidence interval = 0.191411-0.519049). Our result suggested a negative association between use of CDSS and the development of serious ADE. So we concluded that the development of serious ADE was reduced using CDSS.
Drug Toxicity

Introduction: With the increasing clinical use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2), a better understanding of their safety in the human use is critical. The present study aims to review the potential application of nano-TiO2 as targeted cancer therapy based on their toxicity risk which highly dependent on their physio-chemical properties. Methods: This review was performed based on PRISMA-P protocol that begin with literature searching on the selected databases; PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct and general search engine; Google Scholar from 2013 to 2018. Studies retrieved by the pre-determined keywords (titanium dioxide nanoparticles, toxicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, targeted cancer therapy) that assessed toxicity risk of nano-TiO2 in cancer therapeutics were included. Results: The search retrieved 252 articles. Assessment of eligibility by application of inclusion criteria yielded 14 articles. Nano-TiO2 induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in dose and time-dependent manner killing the cancerous cells. All studies used primary particles size < 100 nm with mean of 39.38 and standard deviation of 30.47 which is lower than the mean denoting diameter distribution from selected studies are concentrated from the mean. Conclusion: This review suggest that TiO2 nanoparticles can be considered as an ideal candidate for drug-delivery vehicle for targeted cancer therapy by specifically tailored their physio-chemical properties of this nanoparticles according to desired target site and functions to ensure its optimal efficacy.
Toxicity risk

Introduction: Different solvents extraction was used to extract the good fatty acid composition of Dabai fruits. Nevertheless, solvents extraction may exhibit harmful effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the safety of using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCO2) of dabai pulp oil by acute toxicity study in Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The CO pulp oil extract was prepared by SCO2 extraction of the freezedried pulp and was administered orally to SPF SD rats (consisted of 5 rats/sex/group) at upper limit dose 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 14 days. The study includes the control and treatment groups, each consisting of 5 male and female rats. The rats were fed and allowed to drink sterilized water ad libitum. Fatty acid composition (FAC) of the extract was determined using GC-FID. Electrolytes and biochemical parameters in blood, as well as relative organs weight were measured. Results: The extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg did not cause any acute toxicity effects or mortality to the treatment of rats during observation periods in 14 days. FAC of the SCO2 extracted oil exhibited high content of palmitic and linoleic acids. The relative organs weights (ROW) and histopathology of rats were within normal range. Conclusion: Thus, the LD50 was estimated to be more than 5000 mg/kg of CO pulp oil extract and can be considered for further investigation for its therapeutic efficacy in a larger animal model
Acute toxicity

Introduction: Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound from Nigella sativa is known for its various medicinal properties. Due to the low solubility of TQ, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) has been used as a delivery system to improve its efficacy. Nevertheless, the effect of TQ-NLC when administered intravenously is unclear. This study investigated the acute toxicity profile of intravenous administration of TQ-NLC in an in vivo model. Methods: Twelve female Sprague dawley rats were assigned randomly into two groups (n=6); a control and a treatment group that received normal saline and 25 mg/kg TQ-NLC, respectively, via intravenous injection. The rats were observed for 14 days for any alterations to their usual physical conditions such as behaviour and mortality, body weight, food intake, organ-to-body weight ratio, and haematological, biochemical and histopathological profile. Results: There were no significant changes (p>0.05) in the body weight, food intake, organ-to-body weight ratio, and haematological, biochemical and histopathological profile between TQ-NLC treatment and the control group. However, inflammation was observed at the site of injection on the rat’s tail. Conclusion: Intravenous administration of TQ-NLC (25 mg/kg) did not exert acute toxic effect in female Sprague dawley rats. The data can be used as a basis to further develop TQNLC as a potential therapeutic drug.
Acute toxicity

Silver nanoparticles have been widely used in medicinal and biological fields. Their biological evaluation is an important researchful field. In this paper are summarized the status quo of nano-hydroxyapatite biological evaluation at home and abroad. Although silver nanoparticles showed good biological compatibility when they were tested by contrast to ISO 10993 standards, some reports have proved that many medical devices loaded with silver could release silver ions (Ag+) which could translocate in blood circulation and cumulate in some organs such as liver and kidney. It may induce hepatotoxicity or renal toxicity and may lead to death in some situation extremely exposed to a certain dose of Ag+. The dimension of silver nanoparticles is close to silver ions and some reports have proved that they could translocate in body, so it is suggested that silver nanoparticles should induce the same toxicity with silver ions. In addition, silver nanoparticles have shown cytotoxicity in some experiment in vitro. But the mechanisms of its cytotoxity are not clear; it may attribute to the silver ions that release from silver nanoparticles or to the silver nanoparticles that permeate through cell membrane. Hence, there are some potential anxieties for the biological safety of silver nanoparticles.
Metal Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Silver ; toxicity

Acrylonitrile ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Humans ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Occupational Exposure

Animals ; Humans ; Neurotoxins ; toxicity ; Pesticides ; toxicity ; Pyrethrins ; toxicity ; Toxicology