Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is one of the important pathogens which cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) -diarrhea following antibiotic therapy. There are some reports of nosocomial outbreak of AAD caused by C. difficile.We analyzed risk factors and epidemiology of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CAD) in Kumiai Hospital. From March 2003 to February 2004, 53 in patients developed AAD, of whom 35 patients (66%) were diagnosed as having CAD. Advanced age, bed-rest, tube-feeding, and prolonged administration of antibiotics were regarded as risk factors.In initial two months, seven cases developed CAD in one ward and five in another ward. After hand-washing and use of gloves were enforced in treating CAD patients, the incidence of CAD decreased. Epidemiological analysis was performed using PCR ribotyping of C. difficile strains recovered from 20 among 35 CAD cases in the different wards. Nineteen of 20 strains were identical, typed as the ribotype. These results may suggest nosocomial diarrhea but we cannot conclude that is a hospital infection as yet.Although all C. difficile strains recovered in this study were toxin A-positive, the result of the test using a toxin A detecting kit was negative in three cases. It is necessary toculture C. difficile in addition to detecting toxin A to diagnose CAD.
cytarabine/daunorubicin ; Carbon ion ; Diarrhea ; Clostridium difficile ; Toxins

The acupuncture has been known to induce the changes is not only needling part but also other parts distant from needling part.
The histlogical or physiological changes observed in the skin of needling locus have been reported but the changes on the distant part from needling locus have not been known.
In the present study, the changes is skin tempreture on epigastrium “hsin hsia pi” (stagnancy under under the hert) caused by needling on loci Left S36, Right S36, Left P6, Right P6, Left LI4, Right LI4, and Right Liv 8 were observed by Thermal Video System.
The needling on the these loci induced the increase of skin tempreture in epigastic region. In addition, the needling on Left S36 was most effectve the increase the skin tempreture in epigastic region, and the increasing tempreture was 0.5°C.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent genome-wide analyses have provided strong evidence concerning adverse events caused by thiopurine drugs such as azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine. The strong associations identified between NUDT15 p.Arg139Cys and thiopurine-induced leukopenia and severe hair loss have been studied and confirmed over the last 2 years. However, other coding variants, including NUDT15 p.Val18_Val19insGlyVal, NUDT15 p.Val18Ile, and FTO p.Ala134Thr, and a noncoding variation in RUNX1 (rs2834826) remain to be examined in detail in this respect. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between these adverse events and the 5 recently identified variants mentioned above among Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). METHODS: One hundred sixty thiopurine-treated patients with IBD were enrolled. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays or Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: None of the 5 variants were associated with gastrointestinal intolerance to AZA. However, NUDT15 p.Arg139Cys was significantly associated with the interval between initiation and discontinuation of AZA among patients with gastrointestinal intolerance. This variant was strongly associated with early (<8 weeks) and late (≥8 weeks) leukopenia and severe hair loss. Moreover, it correlated with the interval between initiation of thiopurine therapy and leukopenia occurrence, and average thiopurine dose. NUDT15 p.Val18_Val19insGlyVal, NUDT15 p.Val18Ile, FTO p.Ala134Thr, and RUNX1 rs2834826 exhibited no significant relationship with the adverse events examined. CONCLUSIONS: Of the 5 variants investigated, NUDT15 p.Arg139Cys had the strongest impact on thiopurine-induced leukopenia and severe hair loss; therefore, its genotyping should be prioritized over that of other variants in efforts to predict these adverse events in Japanese patients with IBD.
6-Mercaptopurine ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Azathioprine ; Clinical Coding ; Hair ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Leukopenia

The patient was an 80-year-old man who was diagnosed with cStage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and early gastric cancer. The advanced lung cancer was treated with chemotherapy while the gastric cancer was monitored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors were effective against the lung cancer for a long period, but new gastric cancer appeared and progressed to an advanced stage, necessitating total gastrectomy 5 years after the diagnosis of NSCLC. The patient is currently being treated with a molecular targeted agent for progression of the lung cancer after gastrectomy. In the future, the number of cases with multiple primary cancers will increase alongside aging of the population and advances in cancer treatment, and a system for tumor-agnostic treatment selection and medical treatment will be necessary.