Social needs have prompted the development of new teaching methods in which active learning by students is emphasized. Public health education with student participation was introduced in a nursing school. A self-evaluation survey found that students considered these public health lectures good or excellent and were interested in public health and community health nursing. We conducted an analysis with covariance analysis of linear structural equations procedure using SAS statistical software to clarify a relationships among readiness of students, their learning types, and learning satisfaction in public health. A multiple indicator multiple cause model showed that learning satisfaction was associated with readiness for interest in public health, and learning type for self-directed learning. Students satisfied with student-centered public health education felt discouraged about nursing education. Our results suggest that teachers should develop the ability to communicate with students about dissatisfaction in nursing school and to support self-directed learning and tutor-assisted learning in small groups.

The activities of the community based environmental forum over the past 7 years to maintain the Hii River-Shinji Lake ecosystem were reviewed. The network formation model for environmental safeguard developed in local communities in Shimane and the action targets of a healthy city project were evaluated.
1. Interaction between the development of theme and the increased participation of people from all walks of life.
In 1991, the communities launched “The Chironomidae-outbreak counterplan” named “Shinji Lake Forum” with the participation of various classes of inhabitants around Shinji Lake, including fishermen, biologists and environmental health researchers. The participatory action spread from residents around Shinji Lake to other communities along Hii River, resulting in the formation of an enlarged community network and inter disciplinary research network. The action targets developed as follows:
(1) the Chironomidae-outbreak counterplan, (2) water quality preservation of Shinji Lake, (3) community class for ecology, (4) a community network encompassing the river-lake basin, (5) a healthy city project aimed at cultural development.
2. The objective of the healthy city project
Now the participatory action is developing into the movement of “The Harmony of natural ecosystems”. With linkages between development and ecosystem protection, the healthy city project aimed at cultural development could be pursued in harmony with natural environment.
3. “The network formation model that has gone through processes of opposition and sharing” and participatory action research
In this paper we discuss the formation process of environmental safeguard network. At first, opposition structure such as the fishermen and the agriculturalists, the citizens and the administration, the upperstream area residents and the downstream area residents, was made obvious by making clear differences in interest concerning the environment and living well-being. And the common goals to achieve and roles individuals have to play become clear through the process of sharing a thought on the natural ecosystem and the process of recognizing the different standpoints again. The importance of the cooperation of residents, administrations and researchers, together with participatory action research using the network formation model, was emphasized in order to settle variously complicated problems of ecosystems.