Objective　To investigate the relationship between nitric oxide (NO) secreted by ovarian granular cell and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and their functions in estrogen synthesis. Methods　The human ovarian granular cells recovered from follicular fluid were cultured with IL-1β or NO donor. Results　The quantity of NO cultured with or without IL-1β addition were (537±23) μmol/L、(411±15) μmol/L respectively. The former was significantly higher than the latter (P<0.01). The estradiol, progesterone synthesis and aromatizing enzyme activity in the media with the addition of NO donor were (1 234±136) μg/L、(988±103) μg/L、(0.422±0.052) Ci/ml, while as they were (1 792±103) μg/L、(2 486±123) μg/L 、(0.833±0.012) Ci/ml, in the media without the addition of NO donor. The estradiol progesterone synthesis and aromatizing enzyme activity in the media with NO donor decreased significantly as compared with the group without NO donor (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.01). Conclusions　Ovarian granulosa cells may secrete NO, and the secretion may be regulated by IL-1β. They may be involved in the ovulation at the preovulatory stage and regulation of ovary steroids synthesis.

The effect of spa-drink (Misasa hot spring) on exocrine pancreatic function was studied in controls and drink therapy group. To examine exocrine pancreatic function, two different methods were used for determination of pancreatic chymotrypsin activity. One was a colorimetric method for the determination of fecal chymotrypsin activity and the other was PFD fest. Following conclusions were obtained.
1) With spa-drink therapy, fecal chymotrypsin activity was raised in 2 weeks in 40% of patients, while it remained unchanged in the next 2 weeks.
2) With spa-drink therapy, PFD value was raised in 2 weeks in 50% of patients, while it returned to the pre-treatment value in the next 2 weeks.
3) Spa-drink therapy for 2 weeks was effective for improving exocrine pancreatic function.

Short-term effects of spa-drink therapy on gastric mucosal blood flow were evaluated using endoscopic organ reflex spectrophotometry together with an Olympus XQ-10 forward-viewing gastrofiberscope.
Thirty-eight subjects were divided into three groups by random sampling: 12 subjects to a group for injecting hot spring water (38 to 40°C, 150ml), 12 subjects to a group for injecting warm tap water (38 to 40°C, 150ml), and 14 subjects to a groups for injecting warm air (150ml). Hot spring water, tap water, or air was injected into the stomach through the fiberscopic injection channel. Gastric mucosal blood flow was measured immediately before and 10 minutes after the injection on the three points of gastric mucosa: lesser curvature of the angle, and that of the antrum, and the pylorus.
The following results were obtained:
1) Hot spring water was more effective in increasing gastric mucosal blood flow than air. The difference was statistically significant on all of the three points.
2) Hot spring water was more effective in increasing gastric mucosal blood flow than tap water. The difference, however, was significant only on the mucosa of the gastric antrum.
In conclusion, spa-drink therapy was useful for treating chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer in which impairment of gastric mucosal blood flow plays an important pathogenetic role. Studies on the long-term effects of spa-drink therapy on the gastric mucosal blood flow are now under way.

Effect of long-term intake of spa water on gastric mucosal blood flow was evaluated using an endoscopic organ reflex spectrophotometry together with an Olympus XQ-10 forward-viewing gastrofiberscope. Three healthy volunteers and nine patients with gastric diseases in remission (six with healed gastric ulcer and three with chronic gastritis) underwent two-week treatment consisting of daily intake of Misasa spa water (weakly radon containing bicarbonate salt spring, 38 to 42°C, 200ml, two times a day between meals), and gastric mucosal blood flow was measured at three spots of the stomach (lesser curvature of the pylorus, antrm, and angle) before and after the treatment period. Life style and medication were kept unchanged during the period. The following results were obtained:
1) Gastric mucosal blood flows (IHb) measured before and after the treatment were respectively 95.0±18.0 and 98.2±15.4 at the pylorus, 104.8±16.9 and 110.8±12.8 at the antrum, 116.1±20.4 and 118.7±18.5 at the angle.
2) Values measured after the treatment were higher than those measured before the treatment at pylorus in 75% of the patients and at the antrum and angle in 67% of the pa-tients.
3) However, assessment of the mean values before and after the treatment using the student's paired t-test revealed a significant increase in blood flow (P<0.05) only at the antrum.
Further studies are in progress to determine (1) the clinical significance of the improvement in gastric mucosal blood flow, such as the maintenance of remission, and (2) the characteristics of gastric diseases which are likely to respond favorably to the treament of taking spa water.