Objective To investigate the effects of uterine resection and uterine arterial embolization on the function of ovary. Methods The serum concentrations of estrin(E 2), progestogen(P), follicule stimulating hormone(FSH), luteotropic hormone(LH) and prolactin(PRL) were measured in 15 patients with uterine resection and 22 patients with uterine arterial embolization; including 23 patients with uterine leiomyoma and 29 normal women. We compared the results of the five hormones in each group. Results The serum concentrations of E 2 and P in the group of uterine resection were lower than the normal control group, there was a significant difference between them. Compared the serum concentrations of E 2 and P in the group of uterine arterial embolization and normal control group, there was no significant difference. The serum concentration of PRL in the group of uterine leiomyoma was higher than the normal control group with significant difference. When the uterus was resected or uterine artery was embolished, the serum concentration of PRL decreased remarkably. Conclusions Uterine resection has effects on the function of ovary, but uterine arterial embolization would not. PRL may be one of the factors causing the formation of uterine leiomyoma.