Objective To explore the effect of interaction between alcohol dehydrogenase 1B-1/2 (ADH1B·1/2) polymorphism and obesity on premature coronary heart disease (p-CHD).Methods Hospital-based case-control study was conducted.The newly diagnosed CHD patients were recruited as the subjects.One hundred and ninety-seven CHD patients diagnosed before 60 years old for males and 65 years old for females were assigned to the p-CHD case group with other 205 late onset CHD patients as the control group.Body mass index≥28 kg/m2 was defined as the obesity.Polymerase chain reaction-reatriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the ADH1B·1/2 polymorphism.Multivariate logistic regression model was performed to adjust the potential confounding factors and odds ratio estimation.Synergy index (S), relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), and attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) were measured to assess the interaction as departure from additivity.Results There was a positive correlation between ADH1B ·1/2 polymorphism and obesity in patients with p-CAD.S was 2.07, RERI was 1.20, and AP was 36.1%.After adjusting sex, smoking index, alcohol drinking index, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose by multiple logistic regression, there was also a positive correlation between ADH1B* 1/2 polymorphism and obesity.S was 2.24, RERI was 1.24, and AP was 38.3% after adjustment.Conclusions The interaction between ADH1B*1/2 polymorphism and obesity has a positive effect on the p-CAD in this studied population.

Objective To investigate the effects of anesthesia on plasma level of endothelin(ET) and atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients(14 male, 16 female), aged 31-68 years and weighing 41-82kg, undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery were divided into three groups with ten patients in each group: Ⅰ desflurane group,Ⅱ isoflurane group and Ⅲ propofol group. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital sodium O.1g and atropine 0.5mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.lmg?kg-1, propofol 1 mg?kg-1, vecuronium .015mg?kg-1 and fentanyl 4?g?kg-1 . After intubation the patients were mechanically ventilated and PET CO2 was maintained with 1.0 MAC desflurane in group I or 1.0 MAC isoflurane in groupⅡ or propofol infusion at 60-70 ?g ?kg-1?min-1 in groupⅢ and vecuronium infusion at l-2?g?kg-1?min-1 . ECG, HR, BP, SpO2, PETCO2, end-tidal concentration of desflurane or isoflurane, tidal volume (VT), total compliance ( C?), Pplat, Ppeak were monitored during anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from peripheral vein before anesthesia(T1 ), after induction(T2), 10 min(T3), 50 min(T4) after skin incision and at the end of surgery(T5 ) for determination of plasma levels of ET and ANP by radioimmunoassay. Results (1) There was no significant difference in plasma levels of ET between group Ⅰ and Ⅱ , but ET level decreased significantly during isoflurane inhalation. (2) There was no significant change in plasma ANP level during anesthesia in group I but plasma ANP level decreased significantly at 50 min after skin incision in group Ⅱ and increased significantly at the end of operation in group Ⅲ . (3) MAP decreased significantly after induction in the three groups.Conclusions Anesthesia induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane could be anesthesia of choice patients with airwayhyperreactivity in terms of plasma ET level which is a strong bronchial constrictor.

Objective To evaluate the correlation between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods Seven hundred and twenty eight patients who underwent coronary angiography were selected from Qilu Hospital from October 2008 to December 2009. The clinical data about cardiovascular risk factors including age, gender, hypertension, smoking status, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, high uric acid level, low total bilirubin level, and coronary angiography results were collected. The severity and extent of coronary stenosis was evaluated by ACC/AHA coronary scoring system and CHD was diagnosed by angiography. Analyses were achieved by multiple regression analysis. Results Multiple regression analysis showed that age, gender, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and low HDL-C were prominent predictors of severity and extent of coronary heart disease. DM was the primary controllable risk factor of CHD (OR=3. 1179, P=0. 005). Conclusions The age, gender,hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and low HDL-C are correlated with angiographic severity and extent of CHD. Consequently, controlling these five risk factors is important in the intervention and prevention of CHD.

BACKGROUND:Bone loss to different degrees may appear within 1 year after hip replacement in the femoral or acetabular sides, and severely affect long-term stability of the prosthesis and bone strength. Thus, to reduce bone loss around the prosthesis stem after total hip replacement is significant to prolong the use time of the prosthesis and to prevent fractures surrounding the prosthesis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the preventive effect of zoledronic acid on bone loss surrounding the prosthesis stem after hip replacement.
METHODS:A total of 80 patients after total hip replacement in the People’s Hospital of Shenxian from February 2011 to September 2014 were enrol ed in this study. They were divided into two groups (n=40). At 4 days after replacement, patients in the observation group received treatment with zoledronic acid, but those in the control group did not give zoledronic acid. The rest medication was identical between the two groups. Bone mineral density in the hip was measured before replacement and at 1 year after replacement in both groups. Serum calcium and
phosphorus levels and alkaline phosphatase activities were observed before replacement, 3 days and 1 year after medication in the two groups. Adverse reaction during medication was recorded in the observation group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average bone mineral density was significantly decreased in both groups at 1 year after replacement, and significant differences were found as compared with before replacement (P<0.05). The average bone mineral density was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group at 1 year after
replacement (P<0.05). Calcium and phosphorus levels were significantly diminished at 3 days after medication as compared with that before replacement (P<0.05). Calcium and phosphorus levels maintained at the level before replacement at 1 year after medication. Alkaline phosphatase activities were slightly reduced within a short time after replacement in both groups, but no significant difference was found as compared with before replacement (P>0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activities were low in the observation group at 1 year after medication, and significant difference was detected as compared with the control group and that before replacement (P<0.05). No significant difference in alkaline phosphatase activities was detectable in the control group between 1-year post medication and pre-replacement (P>0.05). Within two or three days after medication, nine patients suffered from varying degrees of muscle aches and fever in the observation group, and above symptoms were lessened after taking acetaminophen. These results verify that after total hip replacement, zoledronic acid injection can effectively prevent bone loss around the prosthesis in early stage after replacement, but fever symptoms may occur within a week after replacement. Thus, it is recommended that zoledronic acid injection can be given at 1 week after replacement. If fever and other symptoms appear, acetaminophen can be given.

Objective To investigate the change rule and correlation of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/carbon monoxide(CO)and the influence of simvastatin and amlodipine in athemsclemtic progress.Methods The rabbits received 1％cholesterol diet(n=24)for eight weeks.After eight weeks,rabbits were fed with normal diet for eight weeks.The rabbits in model group(n=8)were administrated with cholesterol diet.The rabbits in simvastatin group(n=8)were administrated with simvastatin.The rabbits in amlodipine group(n=8)were administrated with amlodipine.The levels of serum lipids and plasma carbon monoxide were obtained at the beginning,the 8th week and the 16th week.The expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the thoraoia aortic tissue were observed with immunohistochemistry technique.Results By the end of 16th week,the levels ofserum lipids and plasma carbon monoxide in model group were obviously increased,however,the expression of heine oxygenase-1 were markedly decreased.Compared with model group.The levels～rurfl lipi&and plasma carbon monoxide in simvastatin group were significantly decreased,while the expression of heme oxysenase-1 in aortic great reduced.The levels flerum lipids in amlodipine group were not significant ckmged,the levels of plasma carbon monoxide were obviously decreased,while tlle expression ofheine oxygenase-1 in aortic great reduced.Conclusions In atheresclerofic progress,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/carbon monoxide(CO)appared the reciprocal relationship,and amlodipine may suppress athemsclemtie progress by decreasing the system.

Objective To elucidate the roles of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency in evaluating coronary stenosis and the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods Totally 50 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI),50 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP),50 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 30 patients without coronary heart disease underwent the study.Coronary arteriography (CAG) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed to analyze coronary stenosis and plaque characteristics and then gensini score was calculated.Concentrations of HMGB1,MPO and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsC-RP) were measured by means of enzymelinked-immonosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Concentrations of HMGB1,MPO and hsC-RP were significantly higher in AMI and UAP patients than in SAP paticnts (all P＜ 0.01).IVUS showed that 51.3 ％ (20/39) AMI patients,46.7％ (43/92) UAP patients had soft lipid-rich plaqucs,while 52.9％(46/87) SAP patients had fibrous plaques,only 17.2％(15/87) had soft plaques.AMI and UAP patients had larger plaque burden and vascular remodeling index than did the SAP patients (both P＜0.01).In AMI group,HMGB1 and MPO levels were correlated well with gensini score and remodeling index measured by IVUS,respectively(r=0.54,0.48,allP＜0.05),while in UAP group,HMGB1 and MPO levels were correlated well with gensini score and plaque burden measured by IVUS,respectively(r=0.43,0.56,all P＜0.05).Conclusions HMGB1 and MPO are positively correlated with coronary stenosis,which can be used to predict the severity of ACS.HMGB1 and MPO are associated closely with plaque vulnerability and rupture.

AIM: Inflammatory responses play an important role in the post- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restenosis and has been demonstrated occuring immediately after PTCA. Interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) are the main inflammatory cytokines. We try to compare the changes in interleukin-6(IL-6) and TNF-? after PTCA in the patients with and without collateral circulation to probe into the pathogenesis of early inflammatory response. METHODS: The extent of myocardial ischemia induced by balloon inflation was quantified by a scoring system referring to the Leaman coronary score. The IL-6?TNF-? levels of coronary heart disease group and control group before and after PTCA are calculated. RESULTS: The concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-? were (9.592?1.847) ng/L and (26.959?1.967) ng/L, respectively, and were significantly increased [(27.423?1.882) ng/L and (78.542?1.573) ng/L)] 4 hours after PTCA. CONCLUSION: IL-6 and TNF-? are sensitive indicators of the early inflammatory response after PTCA. Ischemia scores reflected the extent of ischemia reperfusion injury during PTCA. Collateral circulation decreased the early inflammatory response after PTCA.