Objective To investigate the outcome of powered laryngeal shaver for papilloma of the larynx in children by laryngeal endoscopy. Methods Thirty-nine children with papilloma of the larynx were treated by powered laryngeal shaver under a laryngeal endoscope. Twenty-seven of the patients who had an extensive tumor received radiofrequency to avoid hemorrhage and adhesion of the surgical surface. Results The mean operation time was (11.2?2.6) min, and the blood lose was less than 30 ml. Three months after the operation, 28 of the patients were fond of their voice quality. Among the 39 patients, 37 were followed up for 2-5 years, during which 3-year recurrence rate was 51% (19/37). In the children with primary patients, the rate of recurrence was 30% (3/10), and in those with recurrent tumor, the rate was 59% (16/27). Conclusions By using powered laryngeal shaver under a laryngeal endoscope, papilloma of the larynx can be accurately resected with low blood loss, short operation time and short hospital stay and confirmed effectivenss.

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of analgesic drugs in the standardized treatment of cancer pain patients at the pain clinic. Methods: The data of 787 cancer pain patients and their corresponding prescriptions for cancer pain were collected from April, 2012 to April, 2013 at the pain clinic. The obtained information comprise of diseases that lead to cancer pain, cause of pain, pain intensity, and efficacy and side effects of medications. Diseases that caused cancer pain include 658 cases with primary malignant lung cancer. Results: Pain was mainly caused by primary lung cancer in 787 cancer-related patients. An analgesic drug, namely, oxycodone hydrochloride, was administered in 54.6% via single drug therapy. The daily dosage range of this drug was 20 to 90 mg/d in 280 cases. About 35.6% of the studied patients with a daily dosage of 90 mg/d or lower had their pain effectively managed. After the treatment, the number of cases with moderate to severe pain was reduced from 437 (55.5%) to 248 (31.5%). The oral administration of opioid oxycodone hydrochloride tablets ranked first among the prescribed drugs for cancer pain, and single-drug therapy was the choice of medication. The majority of patients had satisfactory pain-relief with a daily dosage of less than 90 mg/d upon the administration of oxycodone hydrochloride sustained-release tablets and morphine sulfate controlled-release tablets. Side effects included mild constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of appetite, urinary retention, somnolence, and so on. Intervention treatment was needed in most of the patients. Conclusion: Pain clinic is critical in the administration of standardized treatment for cancer pain in hospitals. The establishment of pain clinic ensures the standardized treatment of cancer pain.

AIM　To study the chemical constituents of the seeds from Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari (Annonaceae). METHODS　Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were elucidated on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data. RESULTS Eight compounds were isolated from the seeds of A.hexapetalus. They were identified as four neolignans: isoamericanin A (1), isoamericanol A (2), americanin B (3) and artabotrycinol (4), a semiterpenoid: (R)-artabotriol (5) and others: palmitic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7) and daucosterol (8). CONCLUSION Artabotrycinol (4) and (R)-artabotriol (5) are new compounds. Three other neolignans were isolated from this plant for the first time.

To provide necessary evidence for studying the pharmacological and clinical effectiveness of Styela clava,the quantities of 21 chemical elements in Styela clava were analysised.It was found that the quantities of several mineral elements in it were higher than that in sea water,which indicated Styela clava had a relatively high ability to concentrate mineral elements.

AIM: To make hyperglycemia models and observe the effects of hyperglycemia on expressive type transformation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in rats METHODS: Using tissue culture and radioactivity analysis methods RESULTS:①Hyperglycemia group was lower than control group in NO - 2 content, nitric oxide synthase activity and cGMP content;②Hyperglycemia group was higher than control group in endothelin, insulin, total chdesterol and [ 3H]-TdR penetrated rate of VSMC CONCLUSION: It was possible that hyperglycemia reduces the expressive type of VSMC to change and promotes VSMC proliferation

Background and objective Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),which is featured by low incidence,high malignancy rate,robust aggressive behavior and inferior prognosis.To date,there is no standardized treatment.The aim of this study is to better understand and accumulate more clini-cal experience of the disease by summarizing the clinicopathological features,diagnosis methods,therapeutic regimen and prognostic factors of PSC.Methods A total of 39 patients with PSC who diagnosed and received treatment in Beijing Chest Hospital from December 2013 to December 2023 were retrospectively recruited,and information including demographic char-acteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage,diagnosis method and therapeutic regimen were carefully collected.Meanwhile,follow-up was conducted.Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic factors of the disease.Results The PSC patients in this study ranged in age from 45 to 76 years old,including 35 males and 4 females.There were no specific clinical manifestations of PSC at initial diagnosis.Among the 39 patients,20 underwent surgical resec-tion and 19 received palliative chemoradiation or symptomatic supportive treatment.The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 61.90％and 35.20％respectively.Univariate analysis indicated that family history of carcinoma,primary tumor site,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,whether or not received surgical resection,surgical method,treatment regimens,tumor tissue programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression＞1％and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)pathway abnormalities were correlated with the overall survival(OS)of patients(P＜0.05).In the subsequent multivariate analysis,lymph node metastasis emerged as the only independent prognosticator in predicting inferior OS(P=0.037).Conclu-sion PSC is rarely seen in clinical practice and commonly occurs in elder men with smoking history.Tumor tissue PD-L1 ex-pression＞1％and MET abnormalities may predict inferior prognosis of PSC and lymph node metastasis was determined as the independent prognosticator of PSC.Surgical resection along with adjuvant medical treatment is the cornerstone for early and locally advanced patients,and the clinical utility of molecular targeting therapy and immunotherapy in PSC needs to be further investigated.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 47 young NSCLC patients mutation style of EGFR and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, to understand their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Methods We enrolled 47 young (≤40 years old) patients confirmed as NSCLC who underwent surgical resection, and 94 old patients (≥60 years old) were matched as 1:2 by R language. EGFR mutation status was detected by ARMS-PCR, and the expression of PD-L1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The median age of 47 young patients with NSCLC was 37 years old. The disease was more common in women and the majority type was adenocarcinoma. In youth group, the 19del and 20ins were more frequent, but the exon 21 L858R point mutation proportion was higher in elder group. The expression of PD-L1 was significantly increased in the solid predominant histological subtype. The PD-L1 expression in 19del patients was higher than that in the patients with L858R mutation in youth group. Conclusion The majority of young NSCLC patients are female, nonsmokers and suffered from adenocarcinoma cancer. The proportion of EGFR alteration in 19del and 20ins in youth group is higher than that in elder group. The positive rate of PD-L1 expression in solid predominant histological subtype is higher than that with other subtypes. The expression of PD-L1 in young patients with EGFR 19del is higher than that with L858R.

Background and objectiveEpidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the standard ifrst-line treatment regimen forEGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the ef-ifcacy of EGFR-TKIs widely varies. hTe aim of this study is to determine whether the pretreatment serum cytokeratin-19 frag-ments (CYFAR21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are associated with the effcacy of EGFR-TKIs inEGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 194 NSCLC patients harboringEGFR mutations who received EGFR-TKIs. Clinical characteristics were collected, and the relation between the effcacy of EGFR-TKIs and pretreatment serum CYFAR21-1 and CEA was analyzed.Results In all cases, progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with high CYFAR21-1 level was signiifcantly shorter than PFS in patients with normal CYFAR21-1 (7.0vs 11.9 months,P<0.001). Overall survival (OS) in patients with high CYFAR21-1 was signiifcantly shorter than in the normal-CYFAR21-1 group (12.6vs28.0 months, P<0.001). In adenocarcinoma patients, PFS in the high-CYFAR21-1 level group was signiifcantly shorter than in patients with normal CYFAR21-1 (7.0vs 12.0 months,P<0.001). OS in patients with high CYFAR21-1 was signiifcantly shorter than that in the normal-CYFAR21-1 group (13.1vs 28.1 months,P<0.001). Among squamous carcinoma patients, CYFAR21-1 level did not affect survival. No signiifcant difference in PFS and OS was observed between patients with high CEA and patients with normal CEA.ConclusionEGFR-mutated patients with high CYFAR21-1 had signiifcantly shorter PFS and OS than patients with normal CYFAR21-1 atfer receiving EGFR-TKIs. Pretreatment serum CYFR21-1 level was a predictive marker of EGFR-TKI treatment inEGFR-mutated NSCLC patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors and interaction of nasal septal perforation (NSP) in rats. METHOD: Animals (n=120) that underwent unilateral nasal obstruction using Merocel nasal packing or gelfoam with/without standard staphylococcus aureus inoculation were observed for the formation of NSP at 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation by endoscope system. Following sacrifice at 7 days, the obtained nasal secretions were prepared for bacterial culture. Experimental interventions were compared with normal controls (n=10). RESULT: Perforation of nasal septum was observed in 80% of the animals accepted nasal obstruction using Merocel nasal packing with standard staphylococcus aureus inoculation in 3 days (P < 0.01), while in 70% of those using abacterial Merocel nasal packing in 5 days (P < 0.05) and no significant difference than that of before (P > 0.05). There was a weak region in anteroinferior nasal septum in rats, which the almost NSPs located in. The position of NSP does not overlap Merocel. CONCLUSION The interaction of risk factors contributes to NSP. The occurrence of NSP mainly depends on the construction of nasal septum, while dysaemia is also necessary. Obstruction of nasal drainage and infection promote the development of NSP.
Animals ; Causality ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Nasal Obstruction ; microbiology ; pathology ; Nasal Septal Perforation ; etiology ; Nasal Septum ; anatomy & histology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Risk Factors ; Staphylococcal Infections ; pathology

With the development of precise medicine, targeted therapy has greatly improved the survival and prognosis of patients in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with oncogenic drivers. However, no matter which kinds of targeted therapy are inevitable to develop therapeutic resistance, treatment options upon exhaustion of targeted therapies are limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can bring long-term survival to some patients with advanced NSCLC because of its unique long tailing effect. More and more studies have shown that ICIs can also benefit NSCLC patients with oncogenic drivers. However, the timing of ICIs intervention, the therapeutic regimen and the predictive biomarkers are actually debated, underscoring the need to explore the potential interest of ICIs in these populations.
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