OBJECTIVE To investigate the cause and preventive measurement for respiratory tract nosocomial(infection) in pediatric ICU(PICU).METHODS Prospective studies were conducted on the basis of clinic data with the positive result in(sputum) culture and X-ray report sheet from Jan to Dec 2005.RESULTS Eight sputum(specimens) of lower(respiratory) tract were positive.Eleven X-ray report sheets showed infection in lungs.(CONCLUSIONS) To explore the cause of infection in lower respiratory tract with mechanical ventilation,to strengthen training,strictly obey the rules of preventing nosocomial infection,and strengthen the surveillance etc are the main measurements to prevent(nosocomial) infection in PICU.

OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in children′s hospital.METHODS We performed a prospective and retrospective analysis to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection.Data were collected from 2000 to 2007 in hospitalized cases.RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial infections was 3.43%,from then 40.27% were upper respiratory infections,28.94% of gastrointestinal infections,and 17.61%% bronchitis and pneumonia.The incidence had a tendency decreaseing P

Objective To investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in a children's spe-cialty hospital in Guangzhou in 2014.Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to investigate the preva-lence of HAI among all hospitalized patients on September 17,2014.Results A total of 997 patients were investiga-ted,30 patients developed 32 times of HAI,HAI rate and HAI case rate were 3.01% and 3.21% respectively. The main infection sites were upper respiratory tract(n= 11,34.38% );the departments with higher HAI prevalence rates were intensive care unit(ICU,3 .99% )and pediatric internal medicine department(3 .60% );the rate of etio-logical examination in patients with HAI accounted for 93 .33% ,a total of 24 strains of pathogens were isolated,6 of which were virus (25 . 00% ),6 were fungi (25 . 00% ),11 were bacteria (45 . 83% ),and 1 was Chlamydia (4.17% ). The main bacteria were Staphylococcusaureus (n= 3,27.27% )and Staphylococcusepidermidis (n= 3, 27.27% );a total of 451 (45.24% )patients received antimicrobial agents on the investigation day,67.41% of whom received therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents,19.73% received prophylactic use,and 12.86% received both therapeutic and prophylactic use;mono-drug application accounted for 82 .26% ,the percentage of bacterial de-tection among patients with therapeutic antimicrobial use (including combination of therapeutic and prophylactic use)was 82.60% .Conclusion Management of key departments and key sites of HAI should be strengthened in children's specialty hospital,antimicrobial agents should be used rationally,so as to protect the safety of children.

Bacterial ghost is intact envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, which is produced by the function of the lysis gene E from bacteriophage PhiX174. The expression of the lysis gene E is usually controlled by the thermosensitive lambdapL/pR-cI857 promoter. In this study, we described a mutation (T --> C) at the ninth nucleotide of the OR2 in the lambdapR promoter of the lambdapL/pR-cI857 system by overlap PCR. The bacteriolytic assay showed that the mutation in the lambdapL/pR-cI857 system enhanced the temperature of repressing the expression of gene E up to 37 degrees C. The lysis efficiency of altered lambdapR promoter in Escherichia coli DH5a and avian pathogenic E. coli DE17 was up to 99.9%. The expanded range of temperature will benefit for the production of bacterial ghost.
Bacteriolysis ; physiology ; Bacteriophage lambda ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane ; physiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Viral Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 ( DPP4) in the calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells(HVSMCs). Methods The osteogenic differentiation of HVSMCs was induced by 200 ng/ ml DPP4 as calcification model. The differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between DPP4 group and control group were analyzed by microarray, and the microarray results of LincRNA ENST00000540293 were validated by real-time PCR. After HVSMCs were incubated with LincRNA ENST00000540293 silencing positive reagent for 48 h, the expressions of calcification-related proteins osteoprotegerin (OPG) and bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2) were detected by Western blotting and the formation of calcified nodules was observed by Alizarin red staining. Results The protein expressions of OPG and BMP-2 in HVSMCs were significantly increased after DPP4 intervention (P <0.05), with the increased formation of calcified nodules. RTqPCR showed that LincRNA ENST00000540293 expression was significantly decreased in DPP4 group as compared with the control group(P<0.05). The expressions of calcification-related proteins OPG and BMP-2 were significantly increased after LincRNA ENST00000540293 silence(P<0.05). Conclusion DPP4 may promote the calcification of HVSMC through inhibiting LincRNA ENST00000540293 expression.

BACKGROUND:Up to now,there is no literature on the relationship between blood laboratory tests and the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head in different stages.It is necessary to further explore and analyze so as to better clarify the influencing factors of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between blood laboratory indicators and the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head by the Association Research Circulation Osseous(ARCO),thus exploring the influencing factors of blood laboratory indicators on the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. METHODS:This study used a retrospective study design.A total of 2 103 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrieved from Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences database,and 1 075 patients with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head were ultimately included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Patient age,gender,body mass index,and blood laboratory test results were collected.Blood laboratory tests included low-density lipoprotein,total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein β,apolipoprotein α1,uric acid,total protein quantitative,alkaline phosphatase,activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time,prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio,prothrombin time activity,fibrinogen quantitative,coagulation time of thrombin,D-dimer,total iron binding capacity,and platelet count.The indicators of patients with different age groups and different ARCO stages were compared,and multiple Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of ARCO stages in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There were statistical differences in total cholesterol,uric acid,prothrombin time,prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio,and D-dimer among ARCO stages in the young group(P<0.05).Among young patients in ARCO stage II,total cholesterol levels were higher than those in ARCO stage III(P<0.05).Uric acid levels in ARCO stage IV were higher than those in ARCO stage II and III(P<0.05).Prothrombin time and prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio were shorter in ARCO stage IV and II than in ARCO stage III(P<0.05).D-dimer levels were higher in ARCO stage III and IV than in ARCO stage II(P<0.05).(2)There were statistically significant differences in high-density lipoprotein,coagulation time of thrombin,and D-dimer among ARCO stages in the middle-aged group(P<0.05).Among middle-aged patients in ARCO stage IV,high-density lipoprotein levels were higher than those in ARCO stages II and III(P<0.05).Coagulation time of thrombin was shorter in ARCO stage IV than in ARCO stage III(P<0.05).D-dimer levels were higher in ARCO stages IV than in ARCO stages II and III(P<0.05).(3)The uric acid,activated partial thromboplastin time,D-dimer,and platelet count in the elderly group showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The uric acid level in ARCO stage IV was higher than that in ARCO stage II and III patients in the elderly group(P<0.05),while the activated prothrombin time in ARCO stage II patients was shorter than that in ARCO stage III patients in the elderly group(P<0.05).The D-dimer level in ARCO stage III and IV patients was higher than that in ARCO stage II patients in the elderly group(P<0.05).The platelet count in ARCO stage IV was lower than that in ARCO stage III patients in the elderly group(P<0.05).(4)Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that total cholesterol and platelet count may be protective factors for course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,while D-dimer,uric acid,overweight,and young and middle age may be risk factors for course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.(5)It is indicated that total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,uric acid,prothrombin time,prothrombin time International Normalized Ratio,and D-dimer are statistically significant among patients with different ARCO stages.Total cholesterol and platelet count may be protective factors for the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head,while D-dimer,uric acid,overweight,and middle-aged and young age groups may be hazard factors for the course of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Objective To observe the effect of in situ needle fenestration thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)for treating aortic dissection(AD)involving aortic arch.Methods Data of 16 patients with AD involving aortic arch who underwent in situ needle fenestration TEVAR for reconstruction of aortic arch branches were retrospectively analyzed,and the number of fenestration,technical success rate and TEVAR related complications were recorded.Regular follow-up was conducted after TEVAR,the repair of dissection and the patency of fenestrated branch blood vessels were evaluated,the endoleak was assessed,and the survival of patients were recorded.Results The main aortic stent was successfully implanted in all 16 cases.Among them,4 received triple fenestration stent implantation in zones Z0,Z1 and Z2,6 received double fenestration stent implantation in zones Z1 and Z2,2 received double fenestration stent implantation in zones Z0 and Z1 and 4 received single fenestration stent implantation in zone Z2.The success rate of brachiocephalic trunk(BCT)fenestration was 83.33%(5/6).Left common carotid artery(LCCA)-right common carotid artery bypass was performed in 1 case without successful fenestration.The success rate of LCCA fenestration was 100%(12/12).The success rate of left subclavian artery(LSA)fenestration was 87.50%(14/16),2 cases with not successful fenestration were treated with axillar-axillary artery artificial vascular bypass.The technical success rate of intervention was 100%(16/16).Type Ⅰa endoleak occurred in 1 case during TEVAR process and improved after embolization with spring coil.One patient died of pericardial tamponade at the end of TEVAR.Fifteen patients were followed up for a median follow-up time of 20 months.During this period,transient ischemic attack and local small dissection at the proximal beginning of the main stent occurred each in 1 case,which improved after no special treatment.Type Ⅰ endoleak occurred in 1 case,type Ⅲ endoleak occurred in 2 cases,all improved after proximal fenestrated membrane stent implantation or spring coil embolization treatment.One case died of coronary heart disease.Conclusion In situ needle fenestration TEVAR was effective and safe for treating AD involving aortic arch.