Australia is a country with strict drug administration, which is hard for its market access. Chinese Medicine Registration Act 2000 enacted by Victoria State of Australia established the legal status of traditional Chinese medicine in Victoria State, which made Australia the first one of western nations to legislate traditional Chinese medicine. We should take advantage of this opportunity to give in-depth analysis of laws and regulations on traditional Chinese medicine in Australia to push on traditional Chinese medicine to enter the Australia market. By analyzing the regulations of traditional Chinese medicine in Australia market, we put forward the following strategies on traditional Chinese medicine accessing Australia market: first, we should strengthen cooperation of Chinese and Australian governments; secondly, we should focus on analysis of regulations of drugs of Australia, thirdly, we should establish technical standard of herbal drugs in conformity with international standard; finally, we should strengthen traditional Chinese medicine culture exchange.

We analyzed and sorted the policies and regulations of traditional medical management in international markets which also affecting traditional Chinese medicine and summaried current situation of barriers of policy and regulation of Ttraditional Chinese medicine.After thoroughly analyzing the reasons of barriers of policy and regulation of traditional Chinese medicine,we found that the reasons lied in culture difference between China and western countries,quality of traditional Chinese medicine,low level of R&D and manufacturing,incomplete domestic laws and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine,lack of anti-technical barriers to trade service system.In the end of this paper,we came up with some countermeasures of barriers of policy and regulation when traditional Chinese medicine accessing international markets.

Objective To explore the effect of different doses of cyclophosphamide(CTX) on the drug-resistance of implanted human A549 lung cancer in nude mice,and investigate the anti-tumor effect and toxicity.Methods BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 lung carcinoma were randomized into low-dose metronomic(LDM) CTX group,maximum tolerate dose(MTD) CTX group and normal saline group.The changes of tumor volume,weight and toxicity were observed.Expression of glutathione S-transferase-?(GST-?) and lung resistance-related protein(LRP) in the tumor were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method.Results In LDM CTX group,the tumor grew fast at first,then slowed down gradually and grew slowly for a long time,while in MTD CTX group tumor grew slowly at first,then it accelerated.Side effects of chemotherapy:the weight of nude mice was lost persistently in MTD CTX group,while lost insignificantly in LDM CTX group.No obvious toxicity was observed in LDM CTX group.GST-? and LRP expression in LDM CTX group were not significantly different from those in the control,but significance was seen in MTD CTX group compared with those in the control(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Skp2 gene silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells .Methods Specific small hairpin RNA (shRNA ) targeting Skp2 gene was introduced into lung cancer cells by Lipo-fectamine 2000 and the positive clones were screened by G418 .The Skp2 mRNA and protein expression level of lung cancer cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot .M TT method and flow cytometry (FCM ) analysis were used to observe the effect of RNAi on proliferation of lung cancer cells .Cell apoptosis was analyzed by FCM .Results Transfected with Skp2 shRNA expression vector significantly reduced the expression of Skp2 protein in lung cancer cells .Inhibition efficiency was respectively (75 .3 ± 5 .1) , (70 .4 ± 3 .2) .P27 protein expression was increased significantly in lung cancer cells .The growth of lung cancer cells transfected with Skp2 shRNA was blocked ,with Gl phase cells increased and S phase cells decreased .The apoptosis rate of cancer cells was higher in Skp2 shRNA groups than in control groups .Apoptosis rates were (17 .5 ± 2 .8)% ,(15 .6 ± 3 .1)% in Skp2 shRNA groups .Conclusion Specific inhibition of the expression of Skp2 can slow down the growth of lung cancer cells ,increase cell apop-tosis .

Objective To explore the relationship between the loss of the heterozygosity of nm23-H_1 and the lymph node metastasis in no-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The loss of the heterozygosity of nm23-H_1 gene of cancer tissue and peri-cancerous tissue was detected in 39 patients with NSCLC by Southern blotting. Results The heterozygosity gene of nm23-H_1 is 7.6 kb and 2.3 kb. The LOH rate of the patients with lymph node metastasis (48%, 12/25) was higher than those without lymph node involvement (8%, 1/11) (P

Objective To discuss the feasibility,efficiency and safety of urokinase application in patients with hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage.Methods Sixty-nine patients were included,30 treated with ventricular drainage alone and 39 receiving adjunctive intraventricular urokinase.CT images and ADL scores were compared between the two groups.Results The intraventricular thrombolysis with urokinase significantly hastened the resolution of intraventricular blood clots as compared with ventricular drainage alone(P=0.030),with better outcome(P=0.029).Conclusion Urokinase application is a simple,effective,and safe in managing hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage.

Objective To construct and identify the RNAi eukaryotic vector of Skp2 gene and to observe its interfering effect on the growth of SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells.Methods The specific shRNA sequence was designed and synthesized according to the Skp2 cDNA sequence in GenBank.The sequence was cloned into plasmid pGenesil-1.Then recombinant vector was transfected into SPC-A-1 lung cancer cells by Lipofectamine 2000.The expressions of Skp2 mRNA were analyzed by RT-PCR and the levels of Skp2 protein were detected by Western blot.The cell growth suppression was analyzed by MTT assay.Distribution of cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.Results The sequence of template and specific siRNA was correct by sequence analysis.Obvious decrease was observed in the levels of Skp2 mRNA and Skp2 protein after Skp2 shRNA transfection(P

[ ABSTRACT] Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKIs) are now advocated as the first-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia ( CML) , but facing resistance and relapse .Leukemia stem cells ( LSCs ) are leukemia-initiating cells as the source of resistance and relapse .It is therefore important to discover the molecular biomarker of LSCs for developing anti -LSC strategies in leukemic therapy .15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) is a key enzyme in the pathway of arachidonic acid and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of CML , which is specifically required for chronic myeloid LSCs . This review summarizes the influence of 15-LO on the chronic myeloid LSC characteristics of marked survival , self-renewal, proliferation , differentiation and apoptosis .

We overviewed the policies and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine of main Asian countries and summarized current situation of policies and regulations of traditional Chinese medicine in Asian markets.After in-depth analysis,we found that the opportunities lied in high public awareness,some Asian countries establishing special traditional medicine management agencies,special Pharmacopoeia of traditional Chinese medicine in Japan and South Korea,and high degree of acupuncture legalization.At the same time,traditional Chinese medicine also faced with the challenges such as strict technical standard and TBT barriers.In the end of this paper,we came up with some development countermeasures when traditional Chinese medicine accessing Asian markets,such as improving technical standards,establishing an anti-technical barriers to trade service system,encouraging technological innovation,and strengthening domestic and international exchanges and cooperation.

With the increasing trade amount of herbal medicine over the world,many foreign countries took non-tariff barriers such as technical regulations,technical standard and conformity assessment procedures,of which the most far-reaching impact of green trade barriers on the export of traditional Chinese medicine.We analyzed the three green trade barriers faced by the traditional Chinese medicine assessing international markets,and summarized the impacts of green trade barriers on the export of traditional Chinese medicine from the two aspects of positive and negative.In the end of this study,we came up with some strategies to deal with green trade barriers:to promote the establishment of standard system; to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products; to implement green production; to cultivate environmental awareness; to pursue international certification; and to enhance corporate brand image.