Objective To observe the thermal thresholds in normal subjects and their relation with gender and site.MethodsThe thresholds of sensation of cold,warm,cold pain and hot pain in 20 healthy subjects were measured at 10 sites of upper limbs with the TSA-Ⅱ Neurosensory Analyzer under the Limits model.ResultsThere was no remarkable differences between the thresholds of sensation of cold and warm,but obvious differences between the sensation of cold pain and hot pain in different skin sites,as well as between the males and females,left and right in some sensation and some sites.ConclusionFor the normal people,there is a certain relationship among thermal threshold and gender or site of body.

Objective To explore the effect of central venous pressure waveforms on the location of power PICC tip. Methods From January 2015 to December 2015, we placed power PICC for 47 patients in our intensive care unit. The CVP waveforms were applied to detect any displacement into small thoracic veins after a four-step localization method. The position of the catheter tip was finally confirmed by X-ray inspection. Results Among the 47 cases undergoing PICC implantation, 45(95.75%) displayed a typical CVP waveform, with the catheter tip positions were located in the superior vena cava inferior segment, 1 (2.13%) displayed a typical CVP waveform, with the catheter tip was misplaced into axillary vein and retraced and 1(2.13%) did not display typical CVP waveforms and CVP value was negative, with the catheter tip was in left internal jugular vein. To locate the catheter tip position with CVP waveform and chest X-rang were 100.00%the same. Conclusions The central venous pressure waveform can be used to determine whether the catheter tip is located in the inferior segment of the superior vena cava or not immediately after the placement of a power PICC. However, chest X-ray inspection conformation is still needed.