Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of radiation pericarditis. Methods From 1982 to 1994, 3582 patients with esophageal carcinoma in the lower or midthoracic segment received radiotherapy. Twenty-five(0.69%) of them developed pericardial effusion in 1.5 - 9.0 years after radiation. One was carcinomatous effusion, whereas the other 24 patients were diagnosed as having radiation pericarditis and treated with pericardiocentesis,cortical hormone,anti-inflammatory drugs and hydragogue diuresis,and so on.Results With managment,pericardial effusion disappeared gradually in 24 patients. Up to now, 12 patients have died: four of constrictive pericarditis, four of metastasis and another four of unknown reasons.The other 12 patients are still alive.Conclusions Due to the possiblility of developing radiation pericarditis, though rare the area on the heart to be irradiated when giving radiotherapy to middle and lower segment esophageal cancer should be kept minimal. Malignant pericardial effusion should be ruled out by tapping and cytology. Pericardioocentesis,corticosteroids and other conservative management are effective. Pericardiolysis or percardiectomy is indicated when recessary.

Objective To analyze the complications after procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) in treating severe mucocutaneous hemorrhoids.Methods The clinical data of 550 patients with severe mucocutaneous hemorrhoids who were admitted to the Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2005 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were treated by PPH or PPH + external hemorrhoids resection.The postoperative complications were recorded and assessed.Patients were followed up via outpatient examination and telephone interview till June 2014.Results Operation was successfully carried out on all the 550 patients.The operation time and duration of hospital stay were (15 ± 10)minutes and (4.2 ± 1.8)days,respectively.A total of 445 patients were followed up for 6-60 months,with the median time of 28 months.The overall incidence of complications was 14.61％ (65/445).Forty-five patients were complicated with anal pain,12 with hemorrhoid recurrence,7 with bleeding,5 with dysporia,4 with anastomotic stenosis and 2 with rectal and perianal infection.Of the 12 patients with hemorrhoids recurrence,5 was alleviated by medication and 7 received PPH for the second time.Of the 4 patients with anastomotic stricture,the condition of 2 patients were alleviated by anus dilatation,and the condition of 1 patient was alleviated by balloon dilatation under enteroscope,1 patient received circular incision of the stricture because of severe stricture and failed of conservative treatment.Of the 2 patients with rectal and perianal infection,1 was alleviated by intravenous and local medication,and the other patient who was complicated with anal fistula was alleviated by surgery.The condition of other patients was improved after symptomatic treatment.Conclusions PPH is effective and safe for the treatment of severe mucocutaneous hemorrhoids.The main complication is anal pain,and it could be cured or alleviated by symptomatic treatment.