BACKGROUND:Rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models are characterized by expanded and infiltrative growth, abundant blood supply, similar pathological and imaging features to human hepatocelular carcinoma, so this model is ideal for imaging experiments. OBJECTIVE: To establish rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models and compare two different laparotomy methods in establishing rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models. METHODS:Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: traditional laparotomy (tumor particles were directly embedded into the liver with tweezers) and improved laparotomy (tumor particles were injected into the liver through a 15G syringe needle). The growth features of the tumor established in two different ways were compared by ultrasound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The tumor formation rate was 100% in the two groups; the single rate was respectively 50% and 90%; the ectopic implantation rate was 50% and 10%, there were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05). The mortality rate within 2 weeks was 33% and 0 in the two groups, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The improved laparotomy method is feasible for modeling rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma, due to minimal injury, short operation time, high success rate and stable features.

Adult ; Female ; Gas Poisoning ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; complications

Objective To economically investigate tertiary stroke rehabilitation treatment.Methods 3 tertiary rehabilitation networks were set up in Beijing.82 patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases were enrolled into the study according to standardized criteria in all centers and randomized into rehabilitation group and control group.Rehabilitation training was implemented according to standardized procedures.The patients in rehabilitation group were given rehabilitation training in acute stage for 28 days and then underwent long term rehabilitation'program for 6 months in rehabilitation centers or community rehabilitation settings.The patients in control group were only given rehabilitation training in acute stage for 28 days. Altogether 4 evaluations were conducted in one week after the onset and at the end of 1,3,6 months, respectively.Results Significant differences of motor function,ability of daily activities,quality of life evaluation and cost were found in the 1st,3rd and 6th month after the onset of diseases.The rehabilitation group surpassed the control group significantly.At the end of 6 months,the average of Barthel Index of rehabilitation group was 83.18?18.22 while that of control group was 63.69?12.73.At the end of 6 months,total cost of rehabilitation group was(56 420.0?17 831.8)Yuan and that of control group was (64 864.2?18 267.5)Yuan.The rehabilitation group had better cost/effectiveness and cost/utility.There was a significant difference of cost between two groups.The total rehabilitation cost of rehabilitation group was 4613 Yuan,accounting for 15.3%of all the cost.Conclusion The tertiary rehabilitation treatment for stroke patients has achieved better cost/effectiveness and cost/utility.In China pharmaceutical cost constitutes the major part of the stroke therapy while the rehabilitation cost only a small portion,which is significantly different from the situation in developed countries.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gold ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Silicosis ; mortality ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the impact of gantry angles on the position accuracy of buildin multi-leaf collimator (MLC) during static (step & shoot) intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods The position accuracy of MillenniumTM 60 pairs multi-leaf collimator (MLC) in Varian 23EX medical linear accelerator during 10 fractions of treatments with static intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was retrospectively analyzed by resolving dynamic therapy log files and MLC planning files.The single leaf position deviation and gap deviation of each MLC pairs were compared between expected values and actual outcomes.The impact of gantry angle on MLC position accuracy was also investigated with paired t-test between vertical and horizontal beams.Results All the MLC position deviations ranged within ± 1.0 mm,while the gap deviations were at the range of ± 1.5 mm.The statistical standard deviation of MLC position deviations among fractions was less than 0.06 mm.After all the 60 pairs of MLC leaves were taken into account,the M LC position deviation in the field of 103° was smaller than in the field of 0° (t =58.74,P ＜ 0.01),but there was no significant difference between 257° and 0°,while only the moving leaves were put into consideration,the MLC position deviation in the field of 103° was still smaller than in the field of 0°,but the MLC position deviation in the field of 257° was slightly higher than in thefield of 0° (t =41.95、-4.47,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The MillenniumTM 60 pairs MLC in Varian 23EX medical linear accelerator meets the mechanical quality assurance requirement during static IMRT treatments.The MLC positioning showed stable repeatability among treatment fractions.Although the MLC position accuracy is slightly affected by gravity from different gantry angles,but still meets the mechanical QA requirements for medical linear accelerator.This dynamic analysis method is expected to be a novel strategy which may improve the existing QA protocols.

Objective To explore the influence of blocking B7/CD28 co-stimulatory pathway by RNA interference on the rejection response in mice heterogeneous heart transplantation and its mecha- nism.Methods siRNA of which sequence specified to CD80 and CD86mRNA was synthesized in vitro respectively and transfected into donor derived myeloid dendritic cells (DCs).The expression levels of CD80 and CD86 mRNA and surface antigen CD80,CD86 were assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry before and after CD80siRNA and CD86siRNA transfection.Seven days prior to heterogeneous heart transplantation in mice,DCs modi- fied by siRNA were transfused into recipients intraveneously (DC interference group).At the same time,group of allograft transplantation,cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated (CsA injected subcutaneously postoperatively,5 mg.kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) group,group of isograft transplantation,and non-interference DC group (transfusion of non-interfered DCs pre-transplanting) were assigned.The graft survivals were individually recorded and the graft rejection grading was pathologically evaluated.Interleukin 2 (IL- 2),interferon?(IFN-?),and IL-10 mRNA expression levels in grafts tissue were determined.Results After siRNA transfected into DC,the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 mRNA were down- regulated significantly and the the antigen CD80~+ and CD86~+ reduced from 84%,67% to 35% and 30% respectively.As compared with groups of allograft and non-interference DC,survival of the grafts was significantly longer in DC interference group (P＜0.01),pathological grade of rejection significantly lower (P＜0.01),IL-2 and IFN-?mRNA expression levels lower,and IL-10 mRNA ex- pression levels higher in grafts tissue (P＜0.01).Conclusion Knocking down the molecule B7 expres- sion level in donor-derived myeloid DCs through RNAi,which could block B7/CD28 co-stimulatory pathway,could exhibit inhibitive effect on rejection response in mice heart transplantation.The mechanism might be due to induction of T lymphocyte anergy and Th cell differentiation deviating to T_H2.

Mucins(MUC)are secreted by the epithelial cells of polymer ,the height of glycosylation gly-coprotein,widely existing in the respiratory system ,digestive system,urogenital system in the mucosa epithelium and mucus secretion .The resent studies show that sticks are closely associated with tumor protein family .Among them,the sticky protein 1(CA153)and 16 mucins(CA125)has been confirmed that the abnormal expression in the bile duct carcinoma.However,there is unclear relationship between the development ,invasion,metastasis and prognosis of gallbladder .Based on the retrospective literature at home and abroad in recent years , the research progress on the sticky protein 1 and mucins 16 in the gallbladder is summarized in the present review .

Objective To study the effect of lead exposure in different development periods (father BBLL and mother BBLL,MPBLL,UCBLL,IBLL,CBLL) on children behavior problems. Methods From 1996 to 2004,a nine-year epidemiological cohort study was conducted in a place with severe environmental lead pollution, Guichi district of Chizhou city in Anhui province, China. 210 newly-married couples with the intention to pregnancy and living around a lead and zinc smelt factory from Dec,1996 to Dec,1998 until delivery and then their offspring were chosen. 161 children were investigated through the questionnaires and Achenbach child behavior checklist(CBCL)at Nov,2001 and Aug,2004. Meanwhile, 210 couples baseline blood (father BBLL and mother BBLL), 93 mid-pregnancy blood(MPBLL), 98 umbilical cord blood (UCBLL),165 blood of infants(IBLL), 161 blood of children (CBLL) were collected to determined the levels of lead by PE-AA800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Geometric mean of mother BBLL, father BBLL, children BLL, infants BLL, UCBLL and MPBLL were (62.71?2.18)?g/L,(72.93?2.06)?g/L, (91.93?1.58)?g/L, (130.39?1.88)?g/L, (54.32?2.11)?g/L and (50.93?1.95)?g/L respectively,and the proportion of blood lead level at which were higher than 100 ?g/L were 32.38%, 38.10%, 45.34%, 43.03%, 10.20%, 9.68% respectively. In 161 infants, the incidence of abnormal behavior problems was 16.1%. The scores of delinquent and abruption in boys were significant higher than those in girls, while the scores of depression and social withdrawal in girls were higher than those in boys. The single correlative and the multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the score of abruption was positively correlated significantly with MPBLL(?=0.162,P

Objective To observe the cerebral activation by functional MRI(F MRI) during the thumb movement in different motor fashion. Methods Four stroke patients with hemiplegia were involved in this study During the examination by F MRI, these patients were asked to move thumbs in passive, active and overcoming resistance fashion. Results (1) During the thumb at unaffected side moving in active fashion, functional activity was observed in the contralateral primary motor cortex In passive fashion, however, functional activity was observed in contralateral somatosensory cortex The overcoming resistance motor test was associated with activity in bilateral primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex (2) The same motor tests were made in movement of the thumb at affected side , functional activity appeared not only in primary motor cortex, somatosensory cortex of affected side, but also in basal ganglia(affected area), frontal lobe, supplementary motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and contralateral primary motor cortex. Conclusion These results have proved the neurorehabilitation theory such as neuroplasticity and so on

AIM: To investigate the effects of estrogen interference on ab dominal adipose accumulation in C7BL/6J mice. METHODS: Estrogen was administrated to the ovariectomized mice (estrogen-deprived model) and the changes of abdominal adipose weight of the mice in the normal estrous cycle and pro-menopausal were observed. Mice of 3 months old were randomly divided into c ontrol, ovariectomized (OVX), OVX+estrogen 15-days (E d 15 ) and OVX+ estrog en 60-days (E d 60 ) groups. Each group had 10 mice. Mice were raised and sa crificed until 7 months old after ovariectomized. 5 months and 10 months old mic e were divided into control, estrous cycle normal + estrogen 60 days, pro-menop ausal and pro-menopausal+60 days groups. 17?-estradiol time-release pellets ( 0.18 mg/pellet) were given ic in 15 days and 60 days before mice w ere sacrificed. RESULTS: The abdominal adipose weight in OVX gro up increased significantly (P 0.05 ). There was no difference in the abdominal adipo se weight between control and estrous cycle normal + estrogen 60-days groups, a nd between pro-menopausal and pro-menopausal+ estrogen 60-days groups. CONCLUSION: Ovariectomy significantly influences the metabolism of abd ominal adipose that causes adipose accumulation. Estrogen interference, especial ly long-term administration, can attenuate the abdominal adipose accumulation. Exogenous estrogen interference has no effect on abdominal adipose accumulation on cycle normal and pro-menopausal mice.