0.05). EUS was only applied in 4 patients who had obstructions of the distal bile duct, the correct diagnostic rates of localization and difinitive diagnosis were both 100%. Conclusions Each imaging modality has its advantages and disadvantages, and no one can instead of the others. Proper imaging modalities should be chosen depending on patient′s conditions.

Objective:To explore the types and characteristics of the grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly,so as to provide reference for effective psychological intervention. Methods:Three college students aged nineteen and twenty years who experienced the death of friends at least twice in adolescence participa-ted in the study by means of an open recruitment in a college. They had friends died at the age of 9 and 12. And then it happened again when they were 15 and 17. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews with the three selected,and analyzed by thematic analysis to classify the grief reactions after the loss of their friends. Results:The common grief reactions of a friend's death in the interview are:shocked,regret and angry,denying,disbelieving, fear of the death,feeling the cruelty of death,crying,searching for support,shirking and recognizing the cruelty of death. The special grief reactions in the interview,especially when they experienced the second death of a friend are:caring for the dead loved ones,having a mental shadow over friend's role,reducing social activities,seeking stimulating and venting,revolting against the school,violence,and working harder. Conclusion:The grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly are diversity. It presents the characteristics of the psychological develop-ment of adolescence. And the adolescents need to be given special attention and appropriate psychological interven-tion.

Objective To investigate the methods of diagnosis and treatment of acute lower gastrointestinal massive bleeding. Methods Retrospective analysis was made on diagnozing and treating of 21 patients with acute lower gastrointestinal massive bleeding Results Within a total of 21 cases,bleeding was controlled by conservative treatment in 6 cases(28.6%),supermesenteric angiography showe positive findings in 92.8% and the interventional therapy was applied successfully in 84.6%. no recurrence was observed after Ⅰ month to 4 year follow up. Conclusions Patients with acute lower gastrointestinal massive bleeding should be treated firstly by conservatie method,uncontrollable bleeding should be evaluated by selective supermesenteric angiography;after the bleeding artery was recongnized by angiography,the intervention embolotherapy should be taken;the patients whose angiography are negative and bleeding cannot be controlled should be operatded

During L-lactic acid fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae,there existed a branch pathway by which pyruvate was transformed to eth- anol catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),thus decreasing the flux of pyruvate to lactic acid.In this study,the spores of Rhizopus oryzae AS3.3462 mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine(NTG),the appropriate dosage was 0.15 mg/mL and the lethal rate was 70%～80%.Two mutants,named mut-1 and mut-2,with decreased ADH activity were screened out by yeast peptone dextrose(YPD)agar medium containing allyl alcohol.These two mutants had decreased ADH activities of 41.63% and 50.29% compared with the parent strain.The fermentation behavior after 72h showed that the yields of ethanol produced by mut-1 and mut-2 were 4.87g/L and 6.56g/L respectively,while the wild type strain was 28.9g/L,and the lactate concentrations of mut-1 and mut-2 also increased from 40.31g/L to 54.45g/L and 44.07 g/L,respectively.It is also found that mut-1 and mut-2 had a high reducing sugar consumption rate and biomass accumulation than its present strain

Objective To provide the basis for the study of HPV16 E5 gene inthe pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by constructing three lentiviral vectors expressing HPV 16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene and transfecting o-ral epithelial cells with the vectors.Methods HPV16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene was amplified using PCR and liga -ted into the lentiviral vector pLVX-AcGFP-N1 respectively to construct vectors pLVX -AcGFP-E5, pLVX-AcGFP-E6 and pLVX-AcGFP-E7, then respectively cotransfected 293T cells with packaging plasmids , viral supernatant was collected to respectively transfect oral epithelial cells .Afterpuromycin screening,oral epithelial cells with HPV 16 E5, E6,or E7 oncogene transfection were constructed , then reverse transcription PCR and western blotassays were performed for verifying HPV16 E5, E6 or E7 expression.Results pLVX-AcGFP-E5, pLVX-AcGFP-E6 and pLVX-AcGFP-E7 were successfully constructed, oral epithelial cells expressing HPV 16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene wereacquired, HPV16 E5,E6 or E7 expression was confirmed in oral epithelial cellsthrough reverse transcription PCR and western blot assays.Conclusion Three lentiviral vectors expressing HPV16 E5, E6 or E7 oncogene can successfully infect oral epithelial cells .

Objective To clone human papillomavirus type 16 genome from Anhui province, analyze genome se-quence of HPV16 and study its genomic characteristics. Methods Five pathological specimens of cervical cancer from Anhui province were collected and the total DNA was extracted. Specific primers were designed to clone HPV16 genome in four fragments. The sequence of four fragments was assembled manually and nucleotide sequence was analyzed after sequencing. Results A cervical pathological sample containing HPV16 was detected and the genome sequence with full length of 7 906 nts (GenBank accession number:KC935953) was obtained. Sequence alignment of genome nucleotide sequence showed that HPV16 of Thailand and HPV16 of Japan were more similar to HPV16 of Anhui (HPV16-Anhui) than other HPV genome nucleotide sequence, their similarity reached 99. 5%. Phylogeny tree analysis demonstrated that HPV16-Anhui and other 7 HPV16 clustered into a single branch. Con-clusion HPV16 genome nucleotide sequence is obtained from Anhui province for first time with great significance for further understanding of HPV16 variation from Anhui even east China.

Hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy is a special disease during pregnancy,and it is the key reason for rising death rate of maternal and perinatal infants.Its etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully elucidated.It is generally accepted that placenta damage plays a central role in hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.In recent years,studies have shown that hypoxia inducing factor-1 (HIF-1),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)and its receptor family are important regulatory factors associated with hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.In this article,we discussed the relationship between the two factors and hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy.

Cancer stem cells (CSC) are related to the progression,recurrence and drug-resistance of tumor.MicroRNAs have been reported to correlate to the self-renewal of cancer cells.They can regulate cell cycle and thus interfere with the cell fate.Recent publications have clafified that microRNA can effect on cancer stem cells' self-renewal either by regulate targeted genes directly,or through wnt,notch and Hedgehog pathways.

Objective To analyze the differences in protein pro fi le between laterally spreading tumor (LST) cell line and SW480 cell line using t wo-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Methods 2-DE was empl oyed to isolate the total proteins of the two cell lines.The gels were stained with silver, and the differential protein expressions were analyzed with Melanin e 3 software. Results The protein spots of the two cell lines w ere 1285?51(LST) and 1184?47(SW480) respectively,containing 96?7 differential protein spots with 50?6 expressed or obviously increased only in LST cell line and 47?5 in SW480 cell line. Conclusion The protein profiles between LST and SW480 cell lins are different and further analysis on the differ ent interested spots is required to acquire the biology-associated proteins spe cific LST.