Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic features of normal rectal walls.Methods Ten removed rectal specimens were scanned with high frequency (4-13 MHz) linear array probe to obtain ultrasound images of various layers and having each layer marked,and separated,followed by histological examination respectively.Results Ultrasound demonstrated seven layers of structure which were identified by alternative high and low echoes.From innermost layer towards the outer layers,they were divided as:high-echo acoustic interface,low-echo mucous layer,high-echo sub-mucous layer,low-echo circular muscle layer,high-echo fibrous connective tissue layer,low-echo outer longitudinal muscle layer and high-echo outer membrane layer.All these findings were justified by histological examination.Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound demonstrated 7 layers of echoes in normal rectal walls.This provides imaging basis for diagnosis and judge the invasion degree of rectal cancers.

ObjectiveTo explore the accuracy of judging the T-staging of rectal cancer by biplane transrectal ultrasound.MethodsPathological enteroscopic biopsy was carried out for 197 cases of rectal cancer.Cases of middle and lower rectal cancer without serious obstruction were examined by means of transrectal biplane ultrasound through which to observe the changes of the echoes and to detect the depth of the infiltration in the intestinal walls and the presence of invasions in prostate glands,seminal in male or vesicles,uterine cervix in female.On the basis of the findings,the preoperative tumor staging was made.Postoperatively,the ultrasound results were compared with the pathological examination.Their consistency was evaluated by using Kappa test.ResultsTransrectal biplane ultrasound examination showed the total accuracy rate in T-staging of rectal cancer was as high as 83.8％ with the diagnostic sensitivity rate for T1to T4 as 77.8 ％,73.1％,89.3％ and 94.4％,while its diagnostic specificity rate degree was 97.3％,93.1 ％,85.1 ％,97.8％ respectively,The k -value was 0.732 which suggested that the ultrasound staging was highly consistent with the pathological staging(P＜0.05).ConclusionsTransrectal biplane ultrasound has a great value in the preoperative T-staging of rectal cancer and is helpful in the planning of treatment.

Purpose To analyze the relevance between magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging intratumoral susceptibility signal intensity (ITSS) and diffusion weighted imaging apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with different grade gliomas, and to explore the value of ITSS and ADC in the preoperative grading of gliomas. Materials and Methods Fifty-two cases of glioma patients underwent magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging and diffusion weighted imaging scans, all subjects were divided into low-grade glioma group (18 cases) and high-grade glioma group (34 cases) according to brain tumor grading standard, correlation between ITSS grade and ADC values with tumor grade was analyzed, and ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ITSS and ADC values in the grading of brain glioma. Results Difference of ITSS grading was statistically significant (χ2=27.458, P<0.01) among different grade gliomas;difference of ADC values between different grade gliomas was also statistically significant (U=689.000, P<0.01); there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.727, P<0.001) between ITSS grading and pathological grading, ADC values were significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.622, P<0.001) with tumor grading, and ITSS grading was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.617, P<0.001) with ADC values among different grade brain gliomas. With pathological grading as reference standard, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ITSS for preoperative glioma grading was 85.29%, 77.78%, 82.69%, 87.88%and 73.68%, respectively, while the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ADC values for preoperative glioma grading was 97.06%, 88.89%, 94.23%, 94.29%and 94.12%, respectively. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between ITSS grading, ADC values and pathological grading of gliomas, the combination use of ITSS and ADC values can significantly improve the preoperative grading accuracy of brain glioma.

Imaging techniques play a vital role in evaluating myocardial damage in patients with myocardial infarction. Accurate evaluations of postinfarction function and scar can help identify high-risk patients and provide prognosis information, which contributes much to clinical practice. The assessment of myocardial damage mainly includes overall evaluations of ventricular function and remodeling and targeted characterization of myocardial infarction including infarct size, myocardial viability and microvascular obstruction. Echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, CT and nuclear examinations are most common imaging techniques currently. This review is to update evidence on applications of these modalities in evaluation of postinfarction myocardial damage and offer some helps to health workers.

Objective To study the effects of PVA-H coating thickness and tip angle on the tissue injury caused by the implantation of neural electrodes. Methods Simulated implantation experiments were conducted based on a tissue injury evaluation system to evaluate the tissue injury caused by electrode implantation. The coating thicknesses were controlled by the number of dip coating times (0, 1, 2, and 3), whereas the tip angles were set as 30°, 40°, and 50°. The maximum tissue strain and insertion force were selected as the measurement of the tissue injury. Results thicker hydrogel coating and larger tip angle would cause more serious tissue injury. Simultaneously, reducing the tip angle of the neural electrode could reduce the degree of the hydrogel coating effect on the tissue injury. When the tip angle was 30°, the maximum strain and the peak insertion force increased by 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively, whereas when the wedge angle was 60°, the maximum strain and maximum insertion force increased by 11.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Conclusions The hydrogel coating of the neural electrode increased the injury of biological tissues caused by the implantation of the neural electrode. However, the method of decreasing the tip angle of the electrode could reduce the degree of the negative effects of the hydrogel coating thickness on the implantation injury.

Gastric cancer is a commonly seen cancer in the world, which seriously endangers the life of people. It is known that the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. However, only 3% of Hp infection individuals develop gastric cancer and the eradication of Hp cannot prevent the progression of gastric cancer. Currently, new technologies have found a lot of non-Hp bacteria flora in human stomach, which also play an important role in the genesis of gastric cancer. This article reviewed the characteristics of gastric microbial flora in normal controls, chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer.

In this paper a brief history of the development of PACS in China is reviewed, the current status of PACS is presented, and its development in the future is discussed.
China ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Radiology Information Systems ; organization & administration ; trends ; Technology, Radiologic

ObjectiveTo study HIV-1 DNA levels in different parts of HIV patients during the early stage of antiretroviral therapy.MethodsThe peripheral blood,gut associated lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes samples were collected before and 12 weeks after treatment in regular follow-up HIV-1/AIDS patients in Beijing Youan Hospital ( n =11 ).The average age was 39 years old ( 25 to 55 ).Mononuclear Cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and then used DNA extraction kit to extract DNA.Realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine HIV-1 DNA copy-number.Non-parametric test was used to analyse the differences of HIV-1 DNA copy numbers among groups.Results Before treatment,HIV-1 DNA copy-number in both gut associated lymphoid tissues ( 10 714 ± 2043 ) copies/106 cells and lymph nodes (9145 ± 1202) copies/106 cells were higher than that in the peripheral blood (66 ± 8) copies/106 cells ( U =0.00,P ＜0.05 ),There was no significant difference between lymph nodes and gut associated lymphoid tissues (U =46.00,P ＞0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment,HIV-1 DNA copy-number in both gut associated lymphoid tissues (1701 ± 790) copies/106 cells and lymph node (11 591 ± 1781 ) copies/106 cells were higher than the peripheral blood ( 18 ± 3 ) copies/106 cells ( Z =- 2.934,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was a significant reduction of DNA copy-number in gut associated lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood after treatment (Z =- 2.934,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Gut associated lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes may be important latent reservoirs for HIV-1 DNA.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of complex splenectomy.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 235 patients including 135 from Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine,67 from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital,26 from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital,7 from 85 Hospital of PLA who underwent complex splenectomy from January 2005 to December 2015 were collected.All the patients received total splenectomy after splenic artery ligation.The observation indexes included:(1) surgical situations,(2) major complications including intraperitoneal hemorrhage,pulmonary complication,left subphrenic abscess and peritoneal effusion,(3) follow-up situations:portal vein (PV) complications (splenic venous thrombophlebitis,thrombosis of splenic vein and main portal vein thrombosis),survival of patients.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed up to March 2016,and patients received regularly ultrasound reexamination,computed tomography (CT) rescan,routine blood retest and coagulation function.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as-x ± s,and count data were analyzed using the chisquare test.Results (1) Surgical situations:of 235 patients,200 patients underwent secondary spleen pedicle severance and 35 patients underwent non-secondary spleen pedicle severance.Volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of splenic resection were (268 ± 103) mL and (82 ± 29) minutes.(2) Major complications:of 31 patients with postoperative complications,intraperitoneal hemorrhage was detected in 12 patients,pulmonary complication in 17 patients,left subphrenic abscess in 3 patients and massive peritoneal effusion in 21 patients.Some patients were combined with multiple symptoms.The patients with above complications were cured after reoperations and non-operative treatments.(3) Follow-up situations:PV complications:splenic venous thrombophlebitis was detected in 16 patients,thrombosis of splenic vein in 17 patients,thrombosis of splenic vein combined with main portal vein thrombosis in 7 patients,and they were improved after the treatments of antiinflammation,anti-coagulation and thrombolysis.The thrombi rate after splenectomy was 32.4％ (12/37) in patients with schistosoma-related cirrhosis and 8.1％ (12/149) in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis,with a statistically significant difference (x2 =10.9,P ＜ 0.05).Survival of patients:of 235 patients,228 were followed up for (7.9 ± 4.2) years,with good survival.Conclusion Complex splenectomy is safe and effective,and the key procedure determining the safety of complex splenectomy includes careful preoperative evaluation,delicate surgical technique,proper splenic pedicle severance and peritoneal wounds.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of rosmarinic acid n Wulin Huashi granule. Methods The determination was performed on a Eclipse XDB-C18 column with acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid (21: 79) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, the detection wavelength was set at 330 nm, and the column temperature was set at 30t. Results Rosmarinic acid presented a good inearity in the range of 0. 04 - 2. 02 jLg (r = 0. 9999). The average recovery was 97. 81% and RSD was 1. 81%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reproducible. It can be used for quality control of Wulin Huashi granule.