The number of hospital files for patients who have visited the therapeutic clinic of the Juridical Foundation and Educational Promotion Foundation for Oriental Medical Science Techniques during the period between 1979, when the institute was established, and March 1988 has exceeded 3, 000, among which the proportion of patients with athletic disorders-has been increasing annually. The percentage of hospital files for patients with a chief complaint of athletic disorder among those numbered 1 through 2, 000 was very low, 6.0%, but subsequently increased rapidly to 9.1% among the 1, 000 files numbered 2, 000 through 3, 000. Of these patients, only a few have occupations related to the athletic field, or are so-called top athletes, and most are “weekend athletes” or students. Therefore, they play various types of sports, leading to the occurrence of disorders at various sites of the body. The incidence of traumatic injury is low, whereas the incidence of conditions due to fatigue-related changes is high. These characteristics of injury seem to represent the usual pattern from the viewpoint of the age structure of our patients. In the present report we describe our acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for disorders of the shoulder and elbow, among the various types of motility disturbance treated in general institutes providing acupuncture and moxa therapy, not merely as a palliative, but also a prophylactic approach. We also present the results of basic studies, which have provided evidence of therapeutic effects of our treatment, together with details of the therapeutic procedures employed.

Using the peripheral nerves of human subjects, a study was conducted on the activity of efferent sympathetic postganglionic fibers controlling the soleus, and on the basis of tonus, its response to acupuncture stimulation was observed.
1. Microneurography is efficient as a method for monitoring the participation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to acupunture stimulation.
2. The spontaneous dischrge of the vasoconstrictor nerve controlling the soleus shows a cycle in which the activity varies with changes in the arterial blood pressure. This experiment revealed that this cycle was affected by acupuncture stimulation. The changes in degree of this affect were dependent upon the specificity of an individual.
3. The method, ‘Koshi’, one the classical approaches in the theory of acupuncture, can be used as a method of changing the regional circulatory movement of a leg other than the one to which acupuncture stimulation is applied.

Lately, many people from children to elderly people are playing sports. Society is in need of safer and more comfortable sporting environment, not only for competitive sports, but also for recreational sports. The themes of acupuncture and moxibustion of the field of sports are treatments of sports injuries, keeping the physical condition of the athlete, preventing life-style related diseases and competition performance improvement of the athletes. At this symposium, we reported the present conditions of the study of sports acupuncture and moxibustion. It is summarized as follows:
1) Press tack needles relieve muscle fatigue that occurs during a long-term training camp,
2) Acupuncture inhibits the fall of the immune function resulting from high extreme exercise,
3) Electroacupuncture can relieve disused muscle atrophy of mice,
4) Press tack needles are effective in acute muscle fatigue and delayed onset muscle soreness, and
5) The M-Test is effective in estimating performance improvement and preventing sports injuries.

[Objective] The understanding and cooperation of dialysis medical staff are indispensable for the widespread introduction of acupuncture treatment in maintenance dialysis medical treatment. In this study, we tried to clarify the level of understanding of acupuncture of dialysis medical staff We also tried to examine change in their opinion of acupuncture after experiencing it. We discussed the possibility of using acupuncture treatment in maintenance dialysis medical treatment.
[Method] At first, we distributed the questionnaire concerning the level of understanding of the acupuncture of dialysis medical staff (n=105) who visited the experience corner. Next, we investigated whether the staff who had experienced acupuncture treatment changed their opinion of it. We also investigated the method and effect of acupuncture.
[Results & Conclusion] Few staff had experienced acupuncture previously. They had fears regarding acu- puncture regardless of their experiences, but these fears were alleviated after acupuncture experience. From these results, it is believed that dialysis staff have an insufficient understanding acupuncture. On the other hand, we considered the possibility that acupuncture could positively contribute to dialysis medical treatment because many staff approved the safety and hygiene levels of acupuncture. It will be necessary to educate staff concerning the effect of acupuncture on maintenance dialysis patients in order that they may be able to effec- tively administer acupuncture in the future.

Sports Acupuncture is used for alleviating physical disorders of athletes and it helps them to keep up the quality of their performance. Acupuncture has been used for sports injuries to relieve the pain, and lately, is also applied for preventing injuries, conditioning, or health maintenance. However, the definition of "Sports Acupuncture"is still unclear and there is no guideline to apply acupuncture for athletes.
As Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic will be held in Tokyo in 2020, we decided to review past researches related with sports acupuncture. These researches examine the effects of acupuncture for muscle pain, muscle fatigue, muscle atrophy, and sports injuries. Moreover, we invite one former athlete and she speaks how she used acupuncture when she was a player. After this panel discussion we will be able to make a step to next level, so that we re-create "Sports Acupuncture"on athletes'demand.