Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare cardiac disorder, and reports of its origin among in the left sinus are scarce. This report describes a 38-year-old man with an isolated extracardiac unruptured aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva. The patient presented with chest pain due to compression of the main trunk of the left coronary artery by the aneurysm. The aneurysm was resected, and the aortic root was reconstructed using the Bentall procedure. Concomitantly, coronary artery bypass grafting (LITA-LAD) was added. Postoperative native coronary flow was fully restored, and his anginal symptoms disappeared despite occlusion of the additional LITA-LAD anastomosis. This type of case would be considered to not require concomitant CABG, since the cause of the coronary artery stricture was compression by an aneurysm in the left sinus of Valsalva.

We report a rare case of acute type A aortic dissection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being treated with tacrolimus. The patient was a 77-year-old woman, who had received implantation of 6 artificial joints and was treated with 3 mg/day of tacrolimus and 10 mg/day of prednisolone. Tacrolimus, one of the immunosuppressive drugs for severe RA, had been applied to her to reduce the amount of prednisolone. An emergency surgery was performed successfully and 20 mg/day of prednisolone was administered for RA instead of her preoperative regimen. Such simplification of RA medication was actually useful to us for managing her difficult postoperative care. Respiratory insufficiency with persistent preural effusion was regulated by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and pleural drainage. Disuse syndrome was treated with enteral nutrition and rehabilitation. Such care was also useful for her recovery.

The patient was a 74-year-old man who was brought to the emergency room with severe chest pain and shock. Transthoracic echocardiography showed moderate pericardial effusion, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a dilated ascending aorta with hematoma. However, no evidence of an intimal flap in the aorta was found. Bloody pericardial effusion was suggested by the CT attenuation value ; therefore, type A aortic dissection was highly suspected. At surgery, an extramural hematoma was observed on the ascending aorta. An 8-mm dehiscence that had penetrated the adventitia was identified just above the commissure between the right and left coronary cusps of the aortic valve, without dissection in the ascending aorta, and thus spontaneous aortic root rupture was diagnosed. The dehiscence was closed directly with a mattress suture from outside of the sinus, and the dilated ascending aorta was replaced. The patient's postoperative course was unremarkable, and he was discharged 14 days after surgery.

Lung hemorrhage associated with pulmonary reperfusion injury is a rare but lethal condition. We presented a case salvaged by non-heparinized extracorporeal life support for massive lung hemorrhage after pulmonary thromboembolectomy. Sub-acute pulmonary thromboembolism with a floating right atrial thrombus was diagnosed in 63-year-old woman by computed tomography and echocardiography. An emergency pulmonary thromboembolectomy was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass and moderate hypothermia. Immediately after reperfusion, extraordinary lung hemorrhage occurred and continued. We decided to take over the standard cardiopulmonary bypass with a non-heparinized extracorporeal life support system. Fortunately, hemostasis of the lung hemorrhage was completely secured within 12h, and the extracorporeal life support was terminated at 20h after the surgery. The patient was extubated at 48h after the surgery, and was discharged after the insertion of an inferior vena cava filter for a floating deep venous thrombus. Although the necessity, efficacy and risk of the non-heparinized extracorporeal life support should be clarified, we conclude that it could be the treatment of choice for life threatening lung hemorrhage associated with pulmonary reperfusion injury.