3 cases with cancer stage 3 were studied at K General Hospital to design heparansulfat interacting protein (HIP) primer and to assess the HIP mRNA transcription in breast cancer tissue and reference to other clinical testing methods. The method of total RNA extraction, RT - PCR for HIP cRNA and gene magnifying of HIP were used by special primers. Results: HIP transcription was up regulated in breast cancer tissue and were not found in fribroma tissue. This result is in line to those of X-ray and cytological testing. The transcription of HIP were successfully up regulated and the transcription of mRNA of HIP indicating HIP may be used as cancer marker for breast cancer diagnosis.
Breast Neoplasms ; Tissues

The aim of this study is to assess tissue and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in breast lesions; to compare tissue PSA with serum PSA; to compare tissue PSA in benign and malignant lesions and to compare PSA with known prognostic factors in breast carcinoma. Tissue PSA immunoreactivity in twenty women with breast carcinoma was compared with PSA in twenty-three women with benign breast lesions. Tissue PSA was also compared with known prognostic indicators such as tumour size, axillary nodal status, histological type, histological grade, oestrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein over-expression. Serum free PSAlevels from these women were measured pre- and post-operatively and an attempt was made to correlate serum PSA with tissue PSA expression. 40% and 43% of malignant and benign breast lesions respectively showed tissue PSA immunoreactivity. No significant difference was observed in the tissue PSA expression between these two groups as also between tissue PSA and known prognostic indicators. As serum PSA levels were below the detection limit (< 0.004 ng/ml) in all except two benign cases, no statistical evaluation was done for the latter. Tissue PSA expression did not correlate with other prognostic markers and detectable serum PSA levels were present in too few cases for statistical analysis. Although no definitive conclusion is possible in this preliminary study regarding the role of PSA in breast disease, it stimulates interest in further research in this direction.
public service announcement ; Tissues ; Serum ; Breast ; seconds

Ischemia results when the decrease in tissue perfusion exceeds the tissues ability to increase an oxygen extraction from the blood. Brain edema has been defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid within brain parenchyma associated with a volumetric enlargement of the brain tissue. In most instances, the labelling of edema as vasogenic or cytotoxic is only relative. For cerebral protection, there were many possible techniques which could increase or maintain cerebral perfusion and reduce cerebral metabolic demand for oxygen. This study was carried out the effect of mild
Brain Edema* ; Brain Ischemia* ; Brain* ; Edema ; Ischemia ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Tissues

In Kampo medicine, sickness is regarded as affecting the whole body even though the symptoms may appear obvious only in the abdomen. This makes abdominal palpation an important means of physical examination, and diagnosis. Because learning abdominal palpation in the Kampo style is very difficult, we attempted to simplify learning by building typical anatomical abdomen models for training. To create six abdominal models : Shinka-hiko, Kyokyo-kuman, Fukuchokukin-renkyu, Shofuku-fujin, Shofuku-koman, and Shinkabu-sinsuion, we employed several materials, including artificial leather for epidermal tissue, pile fabric for subcutaneous tissue, cotton cloth or jersey cloth for membrane tissue, polyurethane or natural rubber for muscle tissue, specialized polyester resin for costae, and cotton for internal organs. We employed a harder polyurethane, for example, in Shinka-hiko to simulate resistance in the region beneath the heart, in Kyokyo-kuman to simulate resistance in the subcostal region, and in Shofuku-koman to simulate horseshoe-shaped resistance in the lower abdominal region. Otherwise, in Shofuku-fujin, a lack of resistance was simulated by a defect in the polyurethane at the center of the lower abdominal region. Shinkabu-sinsuion was modeled using a water dabbling sound via a water-filled balloon that could be gently shaken with the fist in the region above the navel. Fukuchokukin-renkyu was modeled as excessive strain of the rectus abdominis muscles via the use of natural rubber. We tried to represent the tenderness on pressure at the para-umbilical region, cecal region, and sigmoid region in the Shofuku-koman model by making a specialized switch with conducting rubber, and using electric device and battery. We believe these models are useful teaching devices, in that they simplify Kampo abdominal palpitation training.
Medicine, Kampo ; Cancer resistance to treatment ; Training ; Tissues ; Palpation

In order to evaluate the effect of shuchi-bushi, a powder form of the aconite tuber, we examined changes in finger temperature (FT) and tissue blood flow (TBF). No significant differences were observed in FT between pre-administration and 90 min post-administration, however, FT at 72 min was significantly higher than that at the pre-administration (p=0.0736and p=0.0219, respectively). The FT at 72 h was also significantly higher than that at 90 min (p=0.0253). No significant differences were observed in TBF between pre-administration and 90 min, nor between the 90 min and 72 h. However, the TBF at 72 h was significantly higher than that at pre-administration (p=0.0219). A significant correlation was observed between the FT and TBF (p=0.0052). Our results suggest that shuchi-bushi may play a role in warming and increasing tissue blood flow in human.
Minute of time ; lower case pea ; Tissues ; lower case aitch ; Powders

Given the lack of infrastructure in Papua New Guinea (PNG) traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases are usually not retrieved quickly to medical centres. Cases that eventually reach the hospital do so after the golden hour has passed. This means that the brain is already at risk of or is already subject to secondary brain injury. In TBI, the parenchymal integrity of the normal, the penumbrous and the lacerated tissue needs to be kept in a state of balance, such that the normal tissue is not compromised. The whole aim of neuroprotection is to protect the normal brain parenchyma from further injury. Secondary brain injury is minimized by reducing cerebral oedema and intracranial pressure, in order to improve cerebral blood flow and perfusion. This guideline describes the options for neuroprotection in PNG.
Traumatic brain injuries ; Papua New Guinea ; neuroprotection ; Tissues ; Research

HUMANS BODY REGIONS MALE CHILD ADULT WOUNDS ; GUNSHOT TISSUES