BACKGROUND: Presently, the kidney source is limited. Urinary fistula-induced nephrectomy of transplanted kidney is regrettable. Reasonable diagnosis of urinary fistula should be paid great attention by workers of organ transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of the urinary fistula in kidney transplantation patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 16 patients with the urinary fistula following kidney transplantation, who was recruited from the Organ Transplantation Center, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The morbidity of the urinary fistula following kidney transplantation was 1.26%, the conservative treatment were used to 13 cases of simple urinary fistulas, 11 of 13 cases were successful (84.6%). 2 case failed (15.4%), pedicled omentum grafts were successful used to treat 3 cases of complex urinary fistulas after renal transplantation by one operation. Intensive care and active measures should be given to the urinary fistula patients after kidney transplantation. The key to the successful treatment involved with the diagnosis in early stage and the correct measures. With biological characteristics of omentum, applying pedicled omentum grafts to repair complex urinary fistulas and simple urinary fistulas which were failure of the conservative treatment after renal transplantation has advantages as followings, convenient to draw material, recovering tissue quickly and low recurrence rate. It is fit for clinic.

Objective To explore the radical surgery for tetralogy of Fallot combined with right pulmonary artery stenosis.Methods Thirteen cases with tetralogy of Fallot combined with right pulmonary artery stenosis accepted radical surgery,among them 7 cases who-had a long right pulmonary artery stenosis accepted aortic transaction for radical surgery of tetralogy of Fallot;5 cases who had the entrance stenosis of the right pulmonary artery accepted right pulmonary artery patch expansion for radical surgery of tetralogy of Fallot;One case who had the distortion and stenosis after pulmonary shunt accepted the radical surgery for tetralogy of Fallot after seperation and expansion.Results There were no operation-related deaths,post-operative low cardic output and perfusion lung occurred for all the cases.Ten cases had grade 1 cardiac function and 3 cases had grade 2,respectively.Conclusion Right pulmonary artery stenosis increased the risks during the radical surgery for tetralogy of Fallot,but it is still the primary operation choice.

Objective To analyze and identify the differentially expressed proteins in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) after injury caused by oxalic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal, and to explore the potential role of renal tubular cell injury in kidney stone formation.Methods Normal HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and the culture medium was changed with serum-free medium after cell growth to confluence. Oxalic acid and COM crystals (final concentration at 2 mmol/L and 200 mg/L, respectively) were added in the experimental group. Cells in both groups were then incubated at 37 ℃ for 12 h. The extracted proteins from both groups were separated by two dimensional electrophoresis followed by analysis, and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Two identified proteins were then verified by western blot. Results Reproducible two dimensional gel images of the proteins from both groups were successfully obtained. By using LC-ESI-MS/MS, 12 proteins: FK506-binding protein 4, isoform alpha-enolase of alpha-enolase, isoform M1 of pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2, ATP synthase subunit alpha, isoform 1 of 3′(2′), 5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase 1, isoform 2 of nucleophosmin, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 3, Cofilin-1, Fascin, pyIsoform 1 of cytosol aminopeptidase, were identified. The deferentially expressed proteins were related to cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell multiplication, apoptosis, Ca2+ channel activity regulation, cell movement and signal transduction. Western blot verified that higher ENO1 but lower Cofilin-1 expressed in HK-2 cells after the injury. Conclusions High level oxalic acid and COM crystals can cause protein expression profile changes in normal human HK-2 cells. The changes of protein expression may not only protect HK-2 cells from being injured, but also be related to kidney stone formation.

Objective To determine the effect of primary realignment of posterior urethral injury associated with pelvic fracture on length and delayed operative treatment of ensuing urethral stricture.Methods A retrospective review was made on the clinical data of 64 patients with posterior urethral injury after pelvic fracture treated from January 2008 to January 2012.Of those patients,43 underwent primary endoscopic realignment (early realignment group) and 30 received primary suprapubic cystostomy (cystostomy group).All were evaluated postoperatively for the late stricture rate,stricture length,types of delayed repair,and operation frequency.Results Rate of stricture was 53％ (18/34) in early realignment group and 100％ (30/30) in cystostomy group,but all were corrected by delayed urethroplasty.Mean length of the stricture was (1.8±0.6) cm in early realignment group and (2.9±0.7)cm in cystostomy group(t=6.7,P＜0.05).Of the urethrostenosis patients in early realignment group,83％ (15/18) were successfully corrected with a simple endoscopic cold incision and 17％ (3/18) with open surgery.In contrast,only 60％ (18/30) in cystostomy group were successfully corrected by endoscopic cold incision.Patients in cystostomy group underwent (2.8 ± 0.5) procedures for cure compared with (1.6 ± 0.6) procedures in early realignment group (t =9.2,P＜0.05).Conclusion Primary endoscopic realignment for posterior urethral injury pelvic fracture offers the decrease in stricture incidence,stricture length,operation difficulty and operation frequency.