Objective To detect TRAF1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism in Han population ,and analyze its association with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Han people. Methods The study group was comprised with 100 healthy Han subjects and 100 Han RA patients. Six SNPs was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), and the result was analyzed by Haploview software. Fisher's exact test and χ2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The rs4836834 A/A, A/T, T/T allele frequencies of RA group were 22.22%, 49.49%, 28.28% respectively. The rs4836834 A/A, A/T, T/T allele frequencies of healthy control group were 28.57%, 30.61%,40.82% respectively. There was significant difference (P<0.05) of rs4836834 between Hah patients with RA and healthy controls. For other five sites, including rs10818488, which had been reported to be associated with increased risk of Caucasians RA patients, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between RA group and the control group. The linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequency analysis results showed that there was strong linkage disequilibrium between rs7021049 and rs7021880, rs7021049 and rs4836834, rs7021880 and rs4836834, but there was no significant difference between RA group and the control group in the haplo-type frequencies of the three classes of linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion TRAF1 gene may be a susceptible gene associated with Han RA people, but its single nucleotide polymorphisms and performance may be different between Caucasians and Han people.

Objective To investigate the influence of different excipients on the stability of baicalin solution.Methods The thermostatic accelerated test was used to observe the effect of solubilizing agent (Meglumine and Glucose), solubilizer (Pluronic F- 68) and stabilizer (HP- ? - CD) on baicalin stability and the concentration of baicalin was determined by HPLC. Results The valid period of baicalin solution with solubilizing agent added was shortened, and that with solubilizer and stabilizer added prolonged. Conclusion It is feasible to increase the stability of baicalin solution with Pluronic F- 68 or HP- ? - CD added. 

Food intake,energy expenditure and body adiposity are homeostatically regulated.Hypothalamus and brainstem are key brain regions of the system.In the state of hunger or satiety,the neural and hormonal messages from the gut regulate energy homeostasis through reflection or direct effect on the hypothalamus and brainstem,Which is referred to as brain-gut signaling.New researches on the special physiological functions of gut hormones are expected to offer a target for anti-obesity drugs.

Objective To assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced EUS in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pancreatic masses.Methods We systematically searched the Medline,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Central Trials,CNKI and VIP databases for relevant studies published.Study selection,quality assessment and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently.Meta-Disc (version 1.4) software was used to perform this meta-analysis for sensitivity,specificity,positive likelihood ratio (LR),and negative LR.Pooling results were derived by using the fixed-effect model when significant heterogeneity was not present.The random-effect model was applied otherwise.A summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve was constructed.Furthermore,to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity,we used meta-regression to estimate the effect of the following characteristics of the studies on the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced EUS.In addition,the outliers were identified with the method described by Deville and a subgroup analysis was performed by excluding the outliers.We used Stata statistical software (version 10.0) to assess the publication bias with the Begg-Mazumdar indictor and Harbord-Egger indictor.Results Twelve studies involving 1139 patients were included.The pooled sensitivity of contrast-enhanced EUS for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses was 94％ (95％ CI,0.91 ～0.95),the specificity was 89％ (95 ％ CI,0.85 ～ 0.92),the positive LR was 8.09 (95 ％ CI,4.47 ～ 14.64),and the negative LR was 0.08 (95％ CI,0.06 ～ 0.10).The area under the curve (AUC) under SROC was 0.9732 (SE =0.02).The subgroup analysis by excluding two outliers provided a sensitivity of 93％ (95％ CI,0.91 ～ 0.95) and a specificity of 93％ (95％ CI,0.89 ～ 0.95).Additionally,the subgroup analysis showed that the heterogeneities were eliminated in pooled estimates when the outliers were excluded and the AUC under SROC was 0.9745 (SE =0.02).Moreover,no significant publication bias was found with the Begg-Mazumdar indictor (P =0.244) or the Harbord-Egger indictor (P =0.442).Conclusion Contrastenhanced EUS is a valuable method in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic masses.

ObjectiveTo study the feasibility, efficacy and safety of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Supreme (SLMA) in neonatal resuscitation.MethodsSixty neonates, who were born at South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Shenzhen from June 1, 2012 to June 1, 2013 and requiring positive pressure ventilation after 30 s primary resuscitation post born, with birth weight above 2 000 g or gestational age above 34 weeks, were randomly assigned into two groups: SLMA group (n=30) and LMA Classic (CLMA) group (n=30). The outcome indicators included the curative effect, insertion time and possible adverse reactions of the two kinds of LMA, and the serum bio-markers, heart rate and percutaneous pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) of all neonates. Independent samplet test, non-parametric test andChi-square test were applied for statistical analysis.ResultsThe insertion time was shorter in SLMA group than in CLMA group [(4.9±1.0) vs (7.6±1.3) s,t=8.98,P<0.05]. And more displacement occurred in CLMA group than in SLMA group [13.3% (4/30) vs 0% (0/30), Fisher exact test,P<0.05]. The successful rate of resuscitation in SLMA group was higher [100.0% (30/30) vs 90.0% (27/30), Fisher's exact test,P<0.05], and both the onset time and the total ventilation time were shorter than those in CLMA group [(12.4±3.7) vs (15.6±3.8) s,t=3.31,P<0.05; (37.3±17.0) vs (48.2±20.1) s,t=2.29,P<0.05]. The heart rate at 1 min after delivery was higher in SLMA group than in CLMA group [(93.5±20.9) vs (74.2±17.8) bpm,t=-3.86,P<0.05], and the same results were shown for SpO2 at 1, 2 and 3 min after birth [(47.1±8.4)% vs (38.7±12.1)%, t=-3.13; (68.1±9.5)% vs (52.8±10.8)%,t=-5.82; (78.3±10.0)% vs (72.1±9.7)%,t=-2.46; allP<0.05]. In the CLMA group, vomit or regurgitation occurred in three neonates, abdominal distension in two cases, aerogastria in seven cases. However, none of the above was reported in the SLMA group. No laryngeal injury was found in any of the subjects.ConclusionSLMA is more potential than CLMA in neonatal resuscitation because of its simplicity, better airtight, less adverse effect, superior efficacy and less requirement for tracheal intubation.

Objective To explore the incidence rates of lower respiratory tract infections after general anes-thesia in the elderly orthopedics patients and to analyze the related risk factors.Methods A total of 45 patients with lower respiratory tract infections in 479 elderly orthope -dics patients who received general anesthesia were enrolled in the study.The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility testing were preformed after the collection of sputum specimens.The univariate factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors for the lower respiratory tract infections after general anesthesia,including the age,gender,smoking histo-ry,chronic respiratory diseases history,basic cardiovascular disease,diabetes,mental disease,and endotracheal tube type,anesthesia ventilation time,postoperative extubation time,and postoperative analgesia.Results Smoking history (Wald =5.058,OR =4.618),chronic respiratory diseases history(Wald =37.950,OR =20.507),mental disease (Wald =26.303,OR =75.644),endotrac heal tube type(Wald =9.035,OR =11.758),anesthesia(Wald =15.035, OR =20.163)and postoperative extubation time(Wald =14.243,OR =12.613)were identified as the risk factors for lower respiratory tract infections after general anesthesia in the elderly orthopedics patients (all P <0.05 ). Conclusion Risk factors should be intervened in elderly orthopedics patients who receive general anesthesia,and the antibiotics should be chosen on the basia of the drug susceptibility testing.

Objective To analyse the clinical practicability and significance of fertility-sparing surgery for women with recurrent borderline ovarian tumors ( BOT).Methods The clinical and pathological recordings of 12 patients suffered from recurrent BOT in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from Jan.2002 to Dec.2012 were analyzed retrospectively.The menstruation situation , fertility function , recurrence rate and survival after second conservative surgery were collected and analyzed .Results The average onset age of these 12 patients was 26 years, and none of them had procreation before the second operation.The pathological diagnosis were still BOT and the recurrent sites of 10 patients were still restricted to the ovaries.Of the 12 cases, 8 cases of them had normal menstruation functions and 4 cases had less menstrual volumes or longer menstrual periods.Among 6 cases desired for pregnancy after the second operation,4 cases of them were successful.The spontaneous pregnancy rate was 4/6.The mean duration of follow-up was 53 months(range:23-97 months).All recurrent BOT, three cases developed recurrence once more,two cases of them were just be hinted by B ultrasounds and only one cases was approved to be BOT again by a once more surgical pathology.But no disease related deaths occurred.Conclusions The second fertility-sparing surgery may be feasible for women with recurrent BOT who are young and strongly desired for preservation of fertility.The spontaneous pregnancy rate is satisfactory.However, carefully follow-up is still needed.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dxamethasone (DEX) on the expression of Tregs in allergic rhinitis (AR) mice, and explore the mechanism of glucocorticoid in the treatment of AR. METHOD: AR murine model was established by sensitization and challenge with OVA, besides intervention treatment with DEX was carried out in AR model. The behavior observation was used to evaluate the improvement effect of DEX on AR symptoms. The morphological characteristics of nasal tissues were observed by HE staining after fixation and decalcification. The mononuclear cells were obtained by grinding spleens, and the total RNA was extracted for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to investigate the level of mRNA expression of Foxp3. The changes of CD4+ Foxp3+ Tcells in spleen of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULT: BALB/c mice received OVA sensitization followed by OVA intranasal challenge, the frequencies of sneezing and nose-scratching increased significantly in AR group (44. 50 ± 5. 61 and 72. 94 ± 8. 76) compared with control group (12. 68 ± 1. 87 and 26. 76 ± .2. 89), P<0. 01; The frequencies decreased significantly in DEX group (26. 04 ± 3. 93 and 56. 79 ± 5. 64), P< 0. 05 compared with AR group. The continuity of nasal mucosa ciliated columnar epithelium in AR group was destroyed and appeared to be repaired in DEX group. Inflammatory cells infiltration was also markedly decreased by DEX treatment. The proportion of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in AR group (3. 89 ± 0. 39)% decreased, P<0. 01 vs control group (4. 63 ± 0. 15) %. DEX treatment induced production of Tregs (6. 89 ± 0. 49)%, P<0. 05 vs control group. DEX significantly increased the expression of Foxp3 mRNA (P<0. 05) compared with AR and control group. CONCLUSION DEX reduce upper airway allergic inflammation effectively, which may be mediated by promoting the expression of Foxp3 and inducing the amplification of Tregs in vivo.
Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Flow Cytometry ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Ovalbumin ; RNA, Messenger ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects

Objective To evaluate the value of the short-segment nerve conduction studies (SSCSs, inching test) in the diagnosis and localization of cubital tunnel syndrome (CubTS).Methods The clinical and electrophysiologic data of 46 patients (92 limbs from 32 men and 14 women, aged from 19 to 59 years, with average age of 41.2 years) with CubTS were collected.The symptoms occurred in unilateral arm in 41 patients and bilateral arms in 5 patients, involving 35 left arms and 16 right arms.SSCSs were performed in both arms in all the 46 patients.Sixty ulnar nerves were studied in 30 healthy control subjects using SSCSs.Results The 51 symptomatic arms with CubTS were abnormal in long segment motor nerve conduction studies.There were 68 abnormal arms ( 51 symptomatic arms, 17 asymptomatic arms ) in SSCSs.The lesions were located 2 cm proximal to the elbow-the elbow segment ( AE2-E ) in 41 arms (44.6%),the elbow-2 cm distal to the elbow segment (E-BE2) in 23 arms (25%), 4 cm proximal to the elbow-2 cm proximal to the elbow segment (AE4-AE2) in 18 arms (19.6%), 6 cm proximal to the elbow-4 cm proximal to the elbow segment (AE6-AE4) in 9 arms (9.8%), 2 cm distal to the elbow-4 cm distal to the elbow segment (BE2-BE4) in 8 arms(8.6%) and 4 cm distal to the elbow-6 cm distal to the elbow segment (BE4-BE6) in 6 arms(6.5%),respectively.Conclusions SSCSs are more sensitive in detecting CubTS than the conventional long segment motor conduction studies.SSCSs could precisely localize the entrapment lesions in patients with CubTS ,might be a useful tool for the detection of ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow, especially for diagnosing the patients with CubTS who have no clinical features or have a normal long segmental nerve conduction findings.

Ph.D candidate education is the highest level of higher education. Training model of Ph.D candidate in Medical College of Georgia and University of Manitoba)has vivid characters compared with that in China,which is reflected by the training objective,qualification of students and tutors,culti-vating procedures and admission requirements for graduation. This kind of cultivating model performs stringent selection and can gradually pick out persons who are really fit for the scientific research. Ph.D candidate quality in the two universities is guaranteed by systemic and deep courses learning,immediate update of knowledge and strict evaluation system. The goal of this article is to provide experience and ref-erence for improving the education quality of medical Ph.D candidates in China.