Objective To explore the effect of lidocaine, the sodium channel blocker, on electrical physiological changes in the circumstances of hypoxia. Methods The effects of different doses of lidocaine (10~ -5 mol/L, 10~ -4 mol/L and 5?10~ -4 mol/L) on the changes in voltage-dependent sodium currents in hippocampal neurons of the rat induced by 10~ -5 mol/L DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol) were recorded by whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp. Results DNP could increase the spike amplitude of sodium currents significantly. With the application of 10~ -5 mol/L and 10~ -4 mol/L lidocaine in advance, the spike values of each group were not significantly different from that of the contral after the administration of DNP, but the spike values after 5?10~ -4 mol/L lidocaine were lower than that of the control after the administration of DNP. Conclusion With the use of DNP, lidocaine can achieve the effect of brain protection through inhibiting the voltage-dependent sodium channel.

Objective To investigate the influence of balanced anesthesia(BA)versus total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA)on the hemodynamics and respiratory function of patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods Two groups of patients undergoing elected laparoscopic hysterectomy received balanced anesthesia(BA group,20 cases)or total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA group,20 cases)respectively.Data of hemodynamics and respiratory system were recorded and the compliance of respiratory system was calculated.Results The MAP at 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum(PP)was elevated significantly than that before-induction in BA group(P

Objective To investigate the influence of balanced anesthesia(BA) and total intravenous anesthesia(TIVA) on the hemodynamics and respiratory function in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods Fifty elderly patients undergoing elective hysterectomy.Their mean age was 62.7?1.8 years.ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ class.They were randomly divided into two groups: balanced anesthesia group and total intra-venous anesthesia group.The perioperative data of hemodynamics,respiratory system and arterial blood gas were recorded,and the compliance of respiratory system was calculated.Results The MAP at 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum(PP) was greatly higher than that of the pre-induction period in BA group(P

Objective To investigate the frequency of JAK2 46/1 haplotype,tagged by the C-allele of SNP rs 12343867(C/T) in Chinese Han patients with PV and ET,and study the relationship between the JAK2 V617F mutation.Methods The whole blood was collected from 125 PV patients,87 ET patients and 213 healthy people.The JAK2 46/1-linked tagged SNP was screened and genotyped with high-resolution DNA melting analysis.20 random selection copies was certificated by DNA sequencing.The frequencies of genotypes and alleles at tSNP was compared between the case and healthy groups by the chi-square test.Results The C-allele frequency of 125 PV patients was 62.8% and T-allele was 37.2%.Also C-allele frequency of 87 ET patients was 45.4% and T-allele was 54.6%.The random selection copies was verified by DNA sequencing.The results showed that the distribution of JAK2 46/1 tSNP genotypes were significantly different(x2 =78.69,P＜0.01).CC and CT had a higher risk for MPNs compared to TT homozygotes(CC vs TT OR = 18.56,95 % CI = 8.70-39.58; CT vs TT OR = 3.60,95 % CI = 2.28-5.69,all of P＜ 0.01).SNP rs 12343867 was genotyped in 212 patients with concomitant analysis of V617F allele burden.Cenotype distributions did not show significant difference compared with JAK2V617F in PV patients(x2 = 2.47,P =0.12).But in ET patients,compared with V617F-negative,the frequency of C-allele showed difference (x2 =7.75,P＜0.01).Conclusions The incidence of the JAK2 46/1-linked C allele is significantly increased the disease risk of PV and ET.Results indicate that JAK2 46/1 haplotype is associated with an increased risk of acquiring a specific somatic mutation.

Objective To investigate fluoride-induced inflammation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in cultured human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1).Methods In vitro cultured THP-1 cells were used as a model of microglia.After cultured with different concentrations of [0 (negative control group),10,50,100,500,1 000 and 5 000 μmol/L] sodium fluoride (NaF) for 48 h,the survival of cells was detected by CCK8.THP-1 cells were divided into 3 groups:control group,low dose and high dose fluoride groups according to the results of CCK8 assay,and then treated with different concentrations of sodium fluoride (0,500,5 000 μmol/L) for 48 h,concentrations of inflammatory cytokines,such as Interleukin-lβ (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in THP-1 mononuclear cell culture medium.The protein levels of IκBα,phospho-NF-κB p65 and phospho-IκB-α were detected by Western blotting.Results THP-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of sodium fluoride (500,1 000,5 000 μ mol/L) for 48 h.Fluoride group THP-1 cell survival rate [(73.21 ± 3.67)％,(31.40 ± 4.56)％,(0.40 ± 0.24)％] was lower than that of the negative control group [(100.00 ± 0.00)％,all P ＜ 0.01].Compared to the control groups [(0.36 ± 0.07),(31.07 ± 0.81)ng/L],significant increases of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β [(1.42 ± 0.79),(19.47 ± 2.90)ng/L] and TNF-α [(61.06 ± 2.20),(172.72 ± 2.29)ng/L] were detected in culture medium in low-fluoride and high fluoride groups,respectively.Interestingly,compared to the control groups [(100.00 ± 5.48)％,(100.00 ± 14.82)％],significant increases of phospho-NF-κB p65 [(113.71 ± 8.99)％,(134.74 ± 1.93)％] and phospho-IκB-α [(152.61 ± 14.16)％,(176.91 ± 7.95)％] were observed in both low-fluoride and high fluoride groups.Meanwhile,the protein level of IκBα in high fluoride group [(63.53 ± 9.67)％] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(100.00 ± 10.99)％,P ＜ 0.01].Furthermore,significant positive correlation was detected between increased IL-1β,TNF-α and phospho-NF-κB p65 (r =0.74,0.72,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Excessive fluoride can induce microglial cells to release inflammatory cytokines and activate nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.The release of inflammatory cytokines and activation of the signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms of the damage of the central nervous system caused by sodium fluoride.

microRNAs as novel tumor biomarkers exert important clinical value in early screening and antidiastole of human cancers .They show a broad prospect in clinical application , particularly due to their low invasive and high sensitivity .This review focused on the application of circulating microRNA for diagnosis and monitoring treatment in colorectal cancer based on the recent findings .Meanwhile, the defects in clinical practice by using microRNAs as tumor biomarkers and the major causes which could constraint their application, especially the unreliable detection result caused by many factors , have been discussed.

BACKGROUND:Ischemia/reperfusion (IR)injury during the pancreas transplantation can cause numerous postoperative complications, among which,secondary pancreatitis can cause small intestinal mucosal injury and result in severe Consepuence.OBJECTIVE:To observe the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on small intestinal mucosal barrier after pancreas transplantation in rats.DESIGN:Randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING:Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:This trial was done in the Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Surgery,Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between September 2001 and April 2004.Eighty-three male SD rats were involved in this trial.METHODS: Forty-seven rats were randomly chosen to prepare diabetic rat models by penile-intravenous injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin.Thirty-six successful model rats were randomized into 3 groups,with 12 in each group:IR group,donor IPC(DIPC)group and recipient with two hindlims IPC(RIPC)group.Twelve of the remaining 36 normal rats served as control group,and the other 24 rats were used as donors.Laparotomy was conducted only in control group,and pancreas transplantation was conducted in the other 3 groups In DIPC group,the splenic vessels of donors were blocked for 5 minutes and reperfused for 5 minutes twice before obtaining pancreas from donor;In the RIPC group, blood flow of two hindlimbs of recipients was blocked for 5 minutes and reperfused for 5 minutes before reperfusing the pancreas of donor,and this procedure was repeated 3 times.IR group was untouched.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① On the 5th day after operation,6 rats were randomly chosen from each group to detect small intestinal permeability[expressed with plasm fluorescent-isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-dextran)concentration]and absorption function(expressed with plasm xylose concentration).② On the 5th day after operation.blood was taken from the left 6 rats in each group to detect serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and nitric oxide(NO)level as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD)and amylase activity.Ileal mucosal tissue was taken to detect wet weight of small intestinal mucosa,the height and width of microvilli,malonaldehyde(MDA)level and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity.At the same time,mesenteric lymph node,liver and splenic tissue were taken to perform bacterial culture.Bacterial translocation was observed.RESULTS:After supplement,72 rats were involved in the result analysis.①Plasm FITC-dextran concentration of IR group were higher than that in control group,DIPC group and RIPC group,respectively(P＜0.01).②Plasm xylose concentration in the IR group was lower than that in the control group,DIPC group and RIPC group,respectively(P＜0.01).③Bacterial translocation rate in the IR group was higher than that in the control group,DIPC group and RIPC group,respectively(P＜0.01).④Small intestinal mucosal injury degree in the IR group was lower than that in the other 3 groups(P＜0.01).⑤Small intestinal MPO activity and MDA level in IR group were significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups(P＜0.01). Serum SOD activity and NO level were lower but amylase activity and TNF-α 1evel were higher in the IR group as compared with the other 3 groups(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:IPC of two hindlimbs in both donor and recipient can protect small intestinal mucosal barrier and reduce bacterial translocation rate after pancreas transplantation in rats.

BACKGROUND: Pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) is an effective therapy for diabetic patients who do not occur chronic complications. It's important to establish the stable PTA animal models to investigate immunologic tolerance or ischemic/reperfusion injury.OBJECTIVE: To establish the model of pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) with enteric drainage in rat.DESIGN: Grouping and controlled animal experiment SETTING: Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA MATERIALS: Totally 90 SD male rats, with the body mass of 250-320 g,were chosen in this study. 58 rats were induced by intravenous administration of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg via penile vein and the rats whose fasting plasma glucose exceeded 19.4 mmol/L for more than 2weeks were selected, 22 rats was successful. Rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups: control group (10 healthy rats) and group PTA consisted of 22diabetic rats, which received PTA from 22 normal donors.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January 1999 to July 2004. The blood vessels reconstruction of PTA were performed using end-to-side anastomosis between the donors' abdominal aorta segment (abdominal artery and splenic artery) and recipients' abdominal aorta, and end-to-end anastomosis between the donors' portal vein segment (splenic vein) and recipients'left renal vein (use a cuff). Pancreas exocrine drainage was made by pancreas intestine anastomosis (Roux-Y).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body mass, food intake, water intake and fasting blood glucose were monitored 2 days before operation and 1,3,7,14 and 30 days after operation, and the failure causes were analyzed.RESULTS: 22 rats in the model group and 10 rats in the normal control the vein of the rats , very severe diabetic symptoms appeared in 22 rats:Body mass, food intake, fasting blood glucose was increased than that of cipients operation was (32.2±12.7) minutes and (63.4±15.9) minutes respectively. And the mean time of warm and cold ischemic time was 0minute and (48.6±18.3) minutes, respectively. 11 of the 22 cases (50%)died or lost their function of the endocrine within 1 month in Group PTA.The main complications were secondary pancreatitis and pancreas leakage after transplantation (7 cases, 31.8%). All successful recipients' blood glucose lowed on the 1st and recovered to be normal on the 3nd after transplantation (P ＜ 0.01), and their food intake, water intake and urine volume decreased and became stable 14 days later.CONCLUSION: This method can be used to establish relative stable animal model. Successful PTAs may improve the pancreatic endocrine function of the diabetic rats.

Objective Under the ISO15189 and America Association of Pathologists ( CAP ) laboratory accreditation system, to establish the performance verification standards for detecting hepatitis B virus resistance gene by sanger sequencing.Methods 25 cases of HBV drug resistance outpatients and inpatients were collected from August 2012 to December in Hepatitis Clinic of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.Analytical performance parameters including analytical sensitivity, precision, accuracy, analytical specificity, reference range/reportable range, etc were evaluated.Sequencing quality evaluation parameters included fluorescence signal intensity overall sequencing chromatogram, signal to noise ratio, trace scores and QV value.Results 10%-20% mutation could be detected under wild-type background. The methool had good precision and accuracy.No obvious interference and cross contamination were observed.Conclusions Performance validation of the sequencing should combine with the practical application.Especially in view of the different detection subjects, and appropriately adjusted to meet the clinical needs.Detection of hepatitis B virus resistance gene by the in the test method in this study can be used in clinical detection.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of applying compound lidocaine cream on tracheal mucosa as topical anesthesia to reduce the stress reaction during extubation of tracheal tube. Methods Sixty patients (aged 18-65yr,body weight 40-80kg,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ) scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were selected,and they were randomly divided into compound lidocaine cream group (group L,n=30) and control group (group C,n=30). Orotracheal intubation was performed in all the patients. Compound lidocaine cream was uniformly smeared on the foremost third of endotracheal tubes before intubation in group L,and no drug was coated on endotracheal tubes in group C. The changes in blood pressure and heart rates during extubation,the use of hypotensive drugs,cough reflex,breath holding,sore throat and pharyngeal discomfort after extubation were compared between the two groups. Results The operation and intubation time of the two groups showed no significant difference. The blood pressure and heart rate during extubation,the rate of using hypotensive drugs,and the incidence of cough reflex and breath holding were lower in group L than in group C,while the foreign body sensation in pharynx were after extubation was more frequent in group L than in group C. The incidence of pharyngodynia was similar in the two groups,and the pharyngodynia and foreign body sensation in pharynx markedly improved one day after operation in both groups. Conclusion Topical anesthesia of tracheal mucosa using compound lidocaine cream may reduce the cough reflex and breath holding during extubation,and inhibit the stress reaction.