Muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) are a class of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that expressed specifically in the muscle tissue.By negatively regulating related gene expression at posttranslational level,they participate in a variety of biological processes and affects the occurrence and development of diseases.The occurrence and development of muscle-related diseases,such as chronic obstructive pneumonia disease,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and so on,induce the expression changes of myomiRs and downstream target genes.The effects of myomiRs on the muscle contraction will affect the development of the disease.This paper will review the biological effects of common myomiRs,such as miR-1,miR-133,miR-206,miR-208 and miR-499 in muscle contraction and relaxation,including striated and non-striated muscle.Better understanding of the effects of myomiRs on the biological effects of muscle contraction and relaxation will provide a new idea for the treatment of muscle-related diseases.

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase),an important enzyme for production of ceramide has been reported to be involved in the regulation of cell and organ functions and has been implicated in the development of different diseases such as diabetes,hearty disease,liver and kidney diseases.Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes.It was found that ASMase has been closely associated with the development renal disease.Hence,it is of great importance to study the impact of ASMase on renal diseases.

Objective To observe the effects of tanshinone on malignant arrhythmias which occured in rabbit model of myocardi-al infarction,and explore the relationship between tanshinone induced calmodulin(CaM)signal system changes and the incidence of malignant arrhythmias after myocardial infarction.Methods A total of 90 healthy big ear rabbits were selected and randomly divid-ed into 3 groups:myocardial infarction model rabbits(non-intervention group)and myocardial infarction model rabbits with tanshi-none intervention(intervention group)and sham operated rabbits(control group),30 rats in each group.The incidence of malignant arrhythmias,calmodulin(CaM),calmodulin kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ),transmural dispersity of repolarization(TDR)and the concentra-tion of Ca2 + in myocardial cells were statistically analysed and compared among the 3 groups.Results The control group did not undergo malignant myocardial infarction,in non-intervention group and intervention group,malignant arrhythmia incidence was higher than that in control group(P <0.05);in non-intervention group,malignant arrhythmia rate(60.00%)was higher than that in intervention group(10%)(P <0.05 ).The CaM concentration in non-intervention and intervention group rabbits were 1.483 and 1.321 times of control group rabbits respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05);CaM protein levels of non-intervention group was higher than that of intervention group(P <0.05).No statistical significance of CaMKⅡ activity among the 3 groups were observed(P >0.05).Serum Ca2 + concentration in non-intervention group was higher than that in control group and intervention group(P <0.05);serum Ca2 + concentration in control group was lower than that in intervention group(P <0.05).The TDR of intervention group is lower than that of non-intervention group,the two groups′TDR were both higher than that of control group(P <0.05).At single cell level,the intracellular calcium concentration of intervention group was lower than that of non-inter-vention group (P <0.05).Conclusion The relevant signal factors of CaM signal transduction system have implications on malig-nant arrhythmia after myocardial infarction.Tanshinone can inhibit CaM signaling system and play an important role in the preven-tion of malignant arrhythmia after myocardial infarction.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of two ingredients in losartan potassium and hydrochlo-rothiazide tablets. Methods: Losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide were separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 ( 200 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm)column, the mobile phase consisted of 0. 01 mol·L-1 monopotassium phosphate solution(adjusting pH to 3. 0 with phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile(70∶30)with the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The column temperature was set at 35℃, the detection wavelength was 271nm and the injection volume size was 20 μl. Results:The linear range of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiaz-ide was 39.63-118.89 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9) and 9.47-28.41 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 6) with the average recovery of 99.4%(RSD=1. 0%,n=9)and 99. 8%(RSD=0. 9%, n=9), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, fast, accurate and reproduci-ble, which is suitable for the determination of losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common form of childhood autoimmune vascular inflammatory diseases,the incidence rate showed an increasing trend,its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated.Thl7 cells are recently discovered to be a new kind of different from Th1,Th2 effector of CD4+ T cell subsets,Th17/Treg imbalance is closely related to the pathogenesis of HSP.The paper reviewed the related researches.

Pediatric kidney disease prevalence has increased over the past decades.The key result of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who needs renal replacement therapy with significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.It is essential to diagnose CKD in the early phase by assessment of kidney function.We assess the kidney function by detecting serum creatinine(SCr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN),which are traditional biomarkers and not sensitive to diagnose AKI.We also use cystatin C and β2-microglobulin to evaluate kidney function,which are controversial in clinic.It is difficult to evaluate kidney function exactly for children because glomerular filtration rate(GFR) is different in children with different age and gender.It should be more sensitive and specific to assess pediatric kidney function by applying blood and urine biomarkers and GFR equation together.Nowadays,we should find a more precise equation to evaluate GFR for children in order to monitor the kidney disease progression.It may provide the exact timing for the treatment to prevent ESRD.Therefore,we summarize some GFR equations in order to detect more suitable equation to evaluate GFR for Chinese children with different age,gender and nutrition status.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum β2-microglobulin for diagnosis of early renal insufficiency. MethodsThe levels of β2-microglobulin and Scr were measured in one hundred and twelve patients diagnosed of nephropathy and 41 of control group.And the results were analyzed. ResultsCompared with the control group,there was significant difference in serum β2-microglobulin(all P＜0.05).The levels of β2-microglobulin of renal insufficiency were increased,include(3.51 ± 0.46)mg/L,(5.8 ± 1.13)mg/L,(12.4 ± 3.63)mg/L,and (21.3 ± 4.73)mg/L,also correlated with degree of Scr,and negatively correlated with degree of Ccr. ConclusionSerum β2-microglobulin could be used as the early diagnostic marker of early renal insufficiency.

Ki-67,as one kind of nucleoantigen expressed in proliferated cells, has positive correlation with clinical stage, nodal status and Her-2,while negative correlation with estrogen receptor(ER). High Ki-67 expression influnced by endocrine therapy and chemotherapy indicates good proliferative activity. Ki-67, also as an independent prognostic factor of early breast cancer, provides prognostic information combined with other biologic markers. Ki-67 gives additional information breast cancer prognosis staging.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited vasculitis of children and the principal cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. The recent follow-up studies of KD revealed that cardiac sequelae had been observed for many years in a minority of patients with KD. Cardiac sequelae especially the coronary artery aneurysm is the leading cause of ischemic heart disease or even the sudden death.The long-term management of KD was developed in many countries in order to prevent the cardiac events.This paper reviews the long-term prognosis and follow-up of KD.

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an age-related systemic disease,with the features of fibrous stripped content widely deposit on the eye and other systemic organizations,which is associated with a rapid progress of cataract and secondary glaucoma in partial patients.The present study showed that the basement membrane injury,autoimmune disorders,and genetic factors were related to PEX,but the exact pathogenesis of PEX is still unclear.The purpose of this review was to discuss the recent progress in the pathogenesis and histopathology,expecting to contribute to the prevention and treatment of PEX.