This is to report the study of degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment. Enzymatic reactions were terminated by adjusting the solution pH or using membrane bioreactor principle. Earthworm protein concentration change was detected by Bradford method, the degraded state of protein was described with SDS-PAGE technology, and the degraded state of small molecule substances was detected by HPLC. The results showed that earthworm protein degraded completely in artificial gastric juice. High molecular weight protein degraded greatly in artificial intestinal fluid, while low molecular weight protein was not significantly degraded. Small molecular substances degradation did not degrade in artificial gastric juice, while they degraded obviously in artificial intestinal fluid, there is even new small molecule substance appeared. Finally it is concluded that the substance that having therapeutic effects in vivo may be some degraded peptide, amino acid and stable small molecules existed in artificial intestinal fluid.

Objective To explore the relevant factors of diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods 400 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected,and the relevant factors with DR of type 2 diabetes were analyzed.Results The incidence of DR in type 2 diabetes was 49.0％.In type 2 diabetes when diabetes duration＞15 years,the incidence of DR was 84.7％,duration＜5-year incidence rate was 30.0％ respectively,there were significant differences(P＜0.05).Incidence rate in lower blood glucose group and poor glycemic control group were 38.1％ and 68.5％ respectively,and there was statistically difference(P＜0.05),and in normal blood pressure and well control group,the incidence rates were 44.1％ and 41.2％,which were significantly better than 80.0％ of poorly controlled hypertension group.Conclusion Duration of diabetes,glycemic control level,blood pressure,exercise,and regular schedule were related factors of DR.The most important thing of DR treatment and prevention was to control blood glucose.

0.05). Conclusions MSI and LOH may play a certain role in the carcinogenesis and progression of arsenic-induced skin lesions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of differents solution environments on the ceramic membrane microfiltration of model system of Chinese medicines.

METHODTaking binary system of soybean protein-berberine as the research object, flux, transmittance of berberine and traping rate of protein as indexes, different solution environment on membrane process were investigated.

RESULTWhen the concentration of soybean protein was under 1 g x L(-1), the membrane flux was minimum with the traping of berberine decreased slightly as the concentration increased. When pH was 4, the flux was maximum with the traping rate of protein was 99%, and the transmittance of berberine reached above 60%.

CONCLUSIONThe efficiency of membrane separation can be improved by optimizing the solution environment of water-extraction of chinese medicines. The efficiency of membrane separation is the best when adjust the pH to the isoelectric point of proteins for the proteins as the main pollutant in aqueous solution.

Berberine ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Filtration ; instrumentation ; methods ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Solutions ; chemistry ; Soybean Proteins ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to investigate the aspiratory resistance, filtration penetration and their influence factors of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators used widely in China.

METHODSThe total of 6 brands and 21 models of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators which are certified and big sales on the market. The aspiratory resistance and filtration efficiency filter penetration were measured while air pump ran from 10 L/min to 100 L/min using differential pressure gauge and the PortaCount, respectively.

RESULTSThe filtration penetrations for 2 of the 21 models were lower than 95%, and the qualified rate for all models was 90.47%. The filtration penetrations gradually decreased when ventilation flow of air pump increased. The negative correlation was observed between filtration penetration and ventilation flow (r(2) = 0.711, P < 0.05). The resistances of all 21 models of N95 respirators met the requirements of the national standard. The aspiratory resistance started to elevate with the increasing of ventilation flow, and a positive correlation between both (r(2) = 0.878, P < 0.05). Significant differences of filtration penetration and aspiratory resistance were observed among between different brands (P < 0.05) although no differences of filtration penetration existed among different models of one brand (P > 0.05). But the differences of the aspiratory resistance among different models of one brand were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe aspiratory resistances of all N95 filtering-facepiece respirators used in this study met the requirements of the national standard. And the qualified ratio of filtration penetration of all models was higher than 90%. The influencing factors of aspiratory resistance included materials, size and ventilation flow. And influencing factors for filtration penetration were materials and ventilation flow.

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; China ; Equipment Design ; Filtration ; instrumentation ; Masks ; standards ; Materials Testing ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; standards

Objective To investigate the potential dose-response relationship between PCDD/Fs inhalational exposure and oxidative damage to DNA and lipid in foundry workers.Methods The participants were divided into three groups,including exposure group,administrator group and control group.The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in air environment were determined by isotope dilution high resolution capillary column gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS).The inhalational dose of PCDD/Fs were evaluated by Houmen's model.Urinary 8OHdG was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD).Urinary 8-iso-PGF2a were determined by ELISA.Results The PCDD/Fs environmental concentrations of three groups (pg· TEQ/m) were 0.21 +0.08,0.03 ±0.01,0.0012 ±0.0007 (P＜0.05),respectively.The inhalational dose of exposure group (92.54 (32.90～264.49) fg· TEQ/kg· d) was 5.4 folds higher than the administrator group,and was 201 times more than control group.The levels of urinary 8-OHdG(nmol/L crea) of three groups were 3.25 (1.07～15.36),2.72(0.75～16.07),2.17(0.38～17.07) (P＜0.05) and the levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2n (nmol/L crea)were 19.11(9.33～76.50),20.95(8.40～79.31),11.48(4.85～37.80)(P＜0.05),respectively.The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that there were significantly increased trend for levels of urinary 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2a as PCDD/Fs exposure levels increased,after adjustment for age,sex,smoking statue,alcohol use and BMI (P＜0.01).Conclusion There was a dose-response relationship between PCDD/Fs inhalational exposure and oxidative damage in foundry workers.

Objective To investigate the potential dose-response relationship between PCDD/Fs inhalational exposure and oxidative damage to DNA and lipid in foundry workers.Methods The participants were divided into three groups,including exposure group,administrator group and control group.The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in air environment were determined by isotope dilution high resolution capillary column gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS).The inhalational dose of PCDD/Fs were evaluated by Houmen's model.Urinary 8OHdG was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD).Urinary 8-iso-PGF2a were determined by ELISA.Results The PCDD/Fs environmental concentrations of three groups (pg· TEQ/m) were 0.21 +0.08,0.03 ±0.01,0.0012 ±0.0007 (P＜0.05),respectively.The inhalational dose of exposure group (92.54 (32.90～264.49) fg· TEQ/kg· d) was 5.4 folds higher than the administrator group,and was 201 times more than control group.The levels of urinary 8-OHdG(nmol/L crea) of three groups were 3.25 (1.07～15.36),2.72(0.75～16.07),2.17(0.38～17.07) (P＜0.05) and the levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2n (nmol/L crea)were 19.11(9.33～76.50),20.95(8.40～79.31),11.48(4.85～37.80)(P＜0.05),respectively.The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that there were significantly increased trend for levels of urinary 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2a as PCDD/Fs exposure levels increased,after adjustment for age,sex,smoking statue,alcohol use and BMI (P＜0.01).Conclusion There was a dose-response relationship between PCDD/Fs inhalational exposure and oxidative damage in foundry workers.