Objective To explore the DSA mainfestations of MoyaMoya disease.Methods 19 patients, underwent CT before DSA, showed intracranial hemorrhage. All patients were then examined by angiography via femoral artery approach. Results All cases were diagnosed as MoyaMoya disease through DSA. The findings of DSA showed characteristic manifestations as the following: 1. Stenosis or occlusion of the invoved arteries. 2. Smoke like capillary vascular network spreading from supraseller cistern to cerebral base. 3. Development of collateral circulation. Conclusions DSA is the main method for the diagnosis of MoyaMoya disease, CT can only localize the site of cerebral hemorrhage.

Object To study the DNA fingerprinting of Arctium lappa L obtained from different localities Methods DNA fingerprinting of samples of crude and processed A lappa collected from four large commercial centers were examined by RAPD Results All crude A lappa showed similar fingerprinting characteristics, while the processed products gave considerable different results Conclusion DNA fingerprinting study is a reliant method to differentiate crude A lappa from its processed product

Objective:To observe the effects of Deoxyschisandrin on hemorrheology and coagulation function in ulcerative colitis (UC)mice.Methods:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)induced UC mice model was prepared.And then UC mice were randomly divided into model group,positive control group,high,medium,and low dose groups of deoxyschisandrin (80,40,20mg/kg),and in addition,a normal control group was set up.There were 10 mice in each group respectively.UC mice were intragastricly administrated with different concentration of deoxyschisandrin in medication group,or with equal volume distilled water in normal group or model group,respectively.The blood viscosity was determined by blood rheometer,and the bleeding time (BT)and the clotting time (CT)were also observed through the methods of tail cutting and blood coagulation in glass plates accordingly.Results:Compared with model group,the BT (P ＜ 0.01)and CT (P ＜ 0.05)were significantly prolonged,and the blood viscosity was decreased obviously (P ＜ 0.05) in UC mice after administrated with different concentration deoxyschisandfin for 14 days.And the effects in high dose group were strongest and similar to those in the positive group.Conclusions:Deoxyschisandrin can improve hemorrheology and coagulation function in UC mice.

Objective To study the active constituents of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii MethodsThe compounds were separated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography method, their structures were identified on the spectral analyses and physical data. Results Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as ?-sitosterol (Ⅰ), physalin A (Ⅱ), physalin B (Ⅲ), physalin O (Ⅳ), physalin L (Ⅴ), physalin M (Ⅵ), daucosterol (Ⅶ), ombuine (Ⅷ), 5, 4′, 5′-trihydroxy-7, 3′-dimethoxy-flavonol (Ⅸ), luteolin (Ⅹ), and luteolin-7-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (Ⅺ). Conclusion Compound Ⅸ is a new compound named physaflavonol.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between ITS sequence of Arctium lappa and Fructus Arctii quality of different origin.

METHODThe samples of Fructu arctii materials were collected from 26 different producing areas. Their ITS sequence were determined after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quality were evaluated through the determination of arctiin content by HPLC. Genetic diversity, genotype and correlation were analyzed by ClustalX (1.81), Mage 4.0, SPSS 13.0 statistical software.

RESULTITS sequence of A. was obtained from 26 samples, and was registered in the GenBank. Corresponding arctiin content of Fructus arctii and 1000-grain weight were determined. A. lappa genotype correlated with Fructus arctii quality by statistical analysis.

CONCLUSIONThe research provided a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of Fructus arctii geoherbs.

Arctium ; chemistry ; genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Furans ; analysis ; Genotype ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Quality Control ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Software

OBJECTIVETo identify the traditional medicine Fructus Arctii from its adulterants by ITS.

METHODTwenty-six samples of the different Fructus Arctii materials and 10 samples of the adulterants of the fruits of A. tomentosum, Onopordum acantium, Silybum marianum, and Amorpha fruticosa were collected. The total DNA of the samples were extracted, amplified cloned and sequenced.

RESULTITS sequences were obtained from 26 samples respectively, there were Fructus Arctii 641 bp, A. tomentosum 641 bp, Onopordum acantium 639 bp, Silybum marianum 630-631 bp, Amorpha fruticosa 625-626 bp, which were registered in the GenBank. The similarity in ITS sequences between Fructus Arctii and the adulterants was less than 95%. In contrast, the similarity between any pair of Fructus Arctii was greater than 99%. The similarity was 98.29%-99.22% between Fructus Arctii and A. tomentosum. Phylogeny tree reconstruction using UPGMA analysis based on ITS nucleotide sequences can effectively distinguish Fructus Arctii from adulterants.

CONCLUSIONITS sequences can be used as a reliable molecular marker for the identification of Fructus Arctii.

Arctium ; genetics ; Cell Nucleus ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Genetic Markers ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Ardipusilloside-I is a natural triterpenoid saponin, which was isolated from Ardisia pusilla A. DC. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stimulation of ardipusilloside-I on gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo. The experiment of smooth muscle contraction directly monitored the contractions of the isolated jejunal segment (IJS) in different contractile states, and the effects of ardipusilloside-I on myosin were measured in the presence of Ca²⁺-calmodulin using the activities of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC₂₀) phosphorylation and myosin Mg²⁺-ATPase. The effects of ardipusilloside-I on gastro emptying and intestinal transit in constipation-predominant rats were observed, and the MLCK expression in jejuna of constipated rats was determined by western blot. The results showed that, ardipusilloside-I increased the contractility of IJS in a dose-dependent manner and reversed the low contractile state (LCS) of IJS induced by low Ca²⁺, adrenaline, and atropine respectively. There were synergistic effects on contractivity of IJS between ardipusilloside-I and ACh, high Ca²⁺, and histamine, respectively. Ardipusilloside-I could stimulate the phosphorylation of MLC₂₀ and Mg²⁺-ATPase activities of Ca²⁺- dependent phosphorylated myosin. Ardipusilloside-I also stimulated the gastric emptying and intestinal transit in normal and constipated rats in vivo, respectively, and increased the MLCK expression in the jejuna of constipation-predominant rats. Briefly, the findings demonstrated that ardipusilloside-I could effectively excite gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo.
Animals ; Ardisia ; Atropine ; Blotting, Western ; Epinephrine ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastrointestinal Motility* ; Histamine ; In Vitro Techniques ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Myosin Light Chains* ; Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase* ; Myosins* ; Phosphorylation* ; Rats ; Saponins

OBJECTIVE To identify Ginseng Flos and their confounds by using the high-throughput sequencing technology, and to verify the accuracy of high-throughput sequencing technology in species identification by using ITS2 sequencing technology. METHODS High-throughput sequencing was performed on the amplified products of Ginseng Flos adulterated samples, use cutadapt, PEAR, PRINSEQ, Usearch, RDP classifier, SINTAX software to obtain operational taxonomic unit(OUT) sequences, remove fungi, unclassified and other non-green plant sequences. To avoid false positives, delete OTU sequences with a sequence number <100 or base numbers <200 bp. The ITS2 amplification products of Ginseng Flos, Quinquefolii Flos, and Notoginseng Flos were sequenced. To verify the accuracy of high-throughput sequencing technology for species identification, MEGA 11.0 was used to construct neighbor joining system cluster tree, genetic distance, interspecific information loci and Blast analysis of ITS2 and OTU base sequences of Ginseng Flos, Quinquefolii Flos, and Notoginseng Flos. RESULTS A total of 54 653 valid sequences were obtained by high-throughput sequencing, the serial numbers of Ginseng Flos, Quinquefolii Flos, and Notoginseng Flos were OTU1, OTU2, OTU3, respectively, and the corresponding effective sequences were 31 325, 857 and 442, respectively. By performing a Blast search of ITS2 and OTU base sequences of each species, each species was supported. The genetic distance between Ginseng Flos and Quinquefolii Flos and Notoginseng Flos was 0.010 and 0.033, respectively. Ginseng Flos and Quinquefolii Flos, Notoginseng Flos had 2 and 7 information sites, respectively. The neighbor join system cluster tree showed that the species were clustered independently into one branch, with Ginseng Flos, and Quinquefolii Flos clustered as a large branch and juxtaposed with Notoginseng Flos. Ginseng Flos was the same as Quinquefolii Flos secondary structure, but with Notoginseng Flos there were three different positions but there were A, B and C differences between arm Ⅳ and arm Ⅰ of Notoginseng Flos. CONCLUSION The high-throughput sequencing technology can accurately identify Ginseng Flos, Quinquefolii Flos and Notoginseng Flos, and has a strong ability to identify adulterated samples, which provides a certain idea for the identification of commercial Ginseng Flos.