Objective To develop a quality standard of Citrus limon oils.Methods Limonene in Citrus limon oils was identified by capillary gas chromatography and its content was determined by internal standard method.A polyethylene glycol elastic quartz capillary column (30 m of length,0.32 mm of internal diameter,0.25?m of film thickness) was used,column temperature being 90℃and split ratio being 5:1.Results In the range of 0.0627 mg/mL～4.0136 mg/mL for limonene,an equation was obtained:Y=1.53321X-0.05275,r=0.999 9.The average recovery of limonene was 97.2 % with RSD being 0.6 %.Conclusion The method is stable and reliable,and can provide evi- dences for the development of quality standard of Citrus limon oils.

Objective To explore the correlation between polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDP) in Chinese people.Methods The 21 case-control studies on the correlation between polymorphism of ACE gene (genotype DD,DI,Ⅱ) and HDP in Chinese people were analyzed by meta-analysis.The analysis was performed on Review Manager 4.2 software.According to the result of test for heterogeneity,the random effects model was used to calculate the pooled OR value and 95% CI.Results Twenty-one case-control studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis,a total of 1486 HDP cases and 1758 controls were included.The pooled OR values (95% CI) of DD,DI,Ⅱ genotypes of ACE gene polymorphism for HDP risk were 2.60 (1.84-3.67),0.98 (0.76-1.27) and 0.46 (0.32-0.65) respectively.Conclusions Genotype Ⅱ of ACE is a protective gene against HDP and genotype DD is a susceptibility gene for HDP.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of kresoxim-methyl in rats. METHODS: Specific pathogen free SD rats were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium-and high-dose groups according to the body weight of rats, 120 rats in each group with half male and half female rats. The chronic toxicity and carcinogenesis was induced in rats for 104 weeks by oral feeding. The dose of kresoxim-methyl in feed of male and female rats was 0, 75, 300 and 1 200 mg/kg. During the process of experiment, the body weight of rats was weighed. The blood biochemistry, organ coefficient and histopathology were examined at the end of the exposure, and the tumor incidence was calculated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mortality of the female or male rats in the four groups(P>0.05). At the 32 nd, 48 th and 56 th week after exposure, the body mass of female rats in the high dose group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05); at the 8 th, 16 th, 24 th and 32 nd week, the body mass of male rats in the high dose group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The organ coefficients of heart and adrenal gland of female rats in the high dose group were higher than those in the control group and the low dose group(P<0.05). The organ coefficient of liver of male rats in the high dose group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase of male rats in the three dose groups was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The blood glucose of male rats in the high dose group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase of male rats in the high dose group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the three indexes in female rats(P>0.05). The tumor incidence of the control group and the low, medium and high dose groups were 68.3%, 75.0%, 75.0% and 78.8%, respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.05). The tumor incidence of the female rats was higher than that of the male rats(87.0% vs 61.5%,P<0.01).The tumor multiplicity of the above four groups were 38.3%, 35.8%, 35.0%, 39.8%, respectively, with no significant difference(P>0.05). The tumor multiplicity in female rats was higher than that in male rats(56.9% vs 17.6%,P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The no observed adverse effect level of kresoxim-methyl to female and male SD rats was 24.726 and 20.002 mg/(kg·d), respectively. No carcinogenicity of kresoxim-methyl to SD rats was observed.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the non-neoplastic hepatic lesions in SD rats at different ages. METHODS: The specificpathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests for safety evaluation. At the end of each experiment,i. e. week 10,19,56 and 108(assigned into four groups: 10,19,56 and 108 weeks,each contained 100 rats with each sex),rats were executed. The liver organ coefficient was calculated,the pathological examination was performed,and the non-tumorous lesions in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS: The liver organ coefficients at the age of 19,56,108 weeks were lower than that of 10 weeks(P < 0. 05); those at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were lower than that of 19 weeks(P < 0. 05),and that of 108 weeks was greater than of 56 weeks(P < 0. 05). Among the 10-week-old,19-week-old,56-week-old and 108-week-old groups,the types of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions detected in the female rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively,meanwhile those in the male rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively. Both male and female rats,the incidences of hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly increased with the increase of age in each group(P < 0. 05). The incidences of intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and intrahepatic bile duct fibrosis in rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were higher than those at the age of 10 and 19 weeks(P < 0. 008).Moreover,the frequency of hepatic sinus expansion lesions in rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than those of 19 weeks(P < 0. 008). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions in the liver of SD rats were common,primarily demonstrated as hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The incidences of lesions increased with the increase of age.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the spontaneous non-tumor lesion of kidney and its correlation with different age and sex in SD rats. METHODS: Eight hundred specific pathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and 1 or 2 years of chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10,19,56 or 108 weeks of experimental periods. Each group consisted of 100 female and 100 male rats. The renal tissues were collected at the end of each experiment,and the renal organ coefficients were calculated. The pathological non-tumor changes of the kidneys were analyzed. RESULTS: The renal organ coefficients in female rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were both lower than that of 10 and 19 weeks( P < 0. 008). The renal organ coefficient of male rats at the age of 56 weeks was lower than that of 10 and 19 weeks( P < 0. 008). The renal organ coefficient of male rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than that of 56 weeks( P < 0. 008). The renal organ coefficient of male rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than that of female rats of 108 weeks( P < 0. 008). The incidence of renal tubular calcium salt deposition,interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and renal tubular dilatation in the female rats at the age of 108 weeks were higher than those in the male rats at the age of 108 weeks( P < 0. 05). The chronic progressive nephropathy incidence of female rats at the age of 108 weeks was lower than that of male rats aged 108 weeks( P < 0. 01).The renal tubular calcium salt deposition incidence of female rats aged 56 weeks was higher than that of male rats aged 56weeks( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The spontaneous non-tumor lesions in the kidney of SD rats were common. The incidence of some lesions was different in the same age group with different sex.