Objective To investigate the relationship between occurrence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)and seasonal change,so as to provide the basis for seasonal HAI prevention and control.Methods The occurrence of HAI among inpatients in a hospital between 2010 and 2013 was analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 303 371 patients,10 376 developed 12 919 cases of HAI,the incidence of HAI was 3.42%,infection case incidence was 4.26%.The highest inci-dence of HAI occurred in the fourth quarter(3.76%)and lowest in the second quarter (3.20%)(P <0.01);the main HAI site was lower respiratory tract (39.79%),followed by upper respiratory tract (13.17%),blood stream (10.39%), surgical site (8.60%),and urinary tract (7.91%).Patients in the following departments were with HAI rates of >5%:intensive care unit(ICU,24.61%),hematology(17.47%),rehabilitation(13.16%),neurosurgery(9.27%),infectious diseases (9.17%),cardiothoracic surgery(7.67%),and hepatobiliary surgery(5.13%),the main HAI sites in patients in ICU,department of neurosurgery were lower respiratory tract,blood stream,and urinary tract.Conclusion The occu-rrence of HAI is closely related with seasonal change,appropriate control measures should be taken according to seasonal change and sites of high HAI rates,so as to reduce the occurrence of HAI.

Objective In order to evaluate the quality and performance of chlorine dioxide disinfectant,it is necessary to develop a set of methods to determine the components in chlorine dioxide disinfectant.Methods Iodometry,malonic acid iodometry,improved malonic acid iodometry and five-step iodometry were employed to determine the components including ClO_2, Cl_2,ClO_2~-,and ClO_3~-in chlorine dioxide disinfectant,the advantages and disadvantages of the test methods were compared.Results Using iodometry,the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products activated by hydrochloric acid,the content of ClO_2 was 20.23 mg/ml that was accord with the content which was marked in the product label.Using malonic acid iodometriy,the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide contents of ClO_2 was 19.99 mg/ml,Cl_2 was 0.35 mg/ml,in which a little chlorine was detected.Using improved malonate iodometry and five-step iodometry,the activation rates of the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products were 88.0% and 75.6% respectively,ClO_2 and ClO_2~-in the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products could be distinguished.Conclusion Active chlorine dioxide and residual ClO_2~-can be detected by using iodometriy and improved malonic acid iodometry,but iodometriy and malonic acid iodometry can not.

Objective To observe the effects of fenofibrate and pioglitazone on the expressions of PPAR- α, PPAR-γ, and intracellular signaling molecules in pancreatic islets of obese rats induced by high-fat diets. Methods SD obese rat models were established with high-fat diet, and 40 male rats were assigned to 4 groups including high-fat diet (HF group), high-fat diet with fenofibrate (FF group), pioglitazone (FP group) treatment, and control rats with normal diet (NC group). After 8 weeks intervention, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expressions of various proteins in islets; At the same time, islets mass were scored in tissue slides. Results Islets mass enlarged in HF group. The compositions of islet cells were the same as the control. The expression of insulin was lower in HF group than the control, but after using pioglitazone, less islets mass and more insulin expression were found in FP group. Compared with the control group, expressions of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ protein were reduced in HF group, and the expression of PPAR-α protein increased in FF group, and the expression of PPAR-γ protein was increased in FP group. The levels of NF-кB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1 proteins increased significantly in HF group, the expressions of NF-кB, p38 MAPK decreased in FF and FP groups, and the level of ERK1 decreased only in FP group, the protein level of I-кB showed no difference among control, HF group, and FF groups. Conclusion Fenofibrate and pioglitazone may partially protect islet cells function and improve survival by correcting the disturbance of intracellular signaling molecules.

The isolate XGH2321,which isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Rhizophora stylosa Griff in Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve in China,was identified as a fungus in the genera of Penicillium based on its morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence analysis.After in-oculated in the modified CzapeK-DoX medium(consisted of 4% corn steep,0.3% NaNO3,0.05% KCl,0.1% K2HPO4,0.05% MgSO4,pH 7.4,9% salinity),and cultured under the condition of 28?C in a rotary shaker at 160 r/min for 7 days,the extracts of ethyl acetate and water-soluble from the fermentation broth showed the apparent antibacterial activities against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,Sarcina lutea,and Bacillus subtilis with the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 800 ?g/mL and 400 ?g/mL,respectively.While at the same time,these two extracts could also suppress the growth of the plant pathogen,Rhizoctonia solani with MIC of 400 ?g/mL and 200 ?g/mL,respectively.

Objective Soft and hard channel minimally invasive interventions for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage have been used for many years. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the superiority of these two methods. Methods 122 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were included in this retrospective study, 64 cases in soft channel group and 58 cases in hard channel group. The clinical effects were compared; catheter retention time and complications of the minimally invasive surgery were also observed in these two groups. Results In soft channel group, NIHSS before the treatment was 18.05±7.77, and NIHSS after the treatment was 7.57±4.68. The mortality was 17.19%. The catheter retention time in hematoma puncture was (4.35±1.56)days, and the catheter retention time in ventricle puncture was (7.67±2.37)days. There were 4 cases of rebleeding and 3 cases of intracranial infection. In hard channel group, NIHSS before the treatment was 18.38±9.02, and NIHSS after the treatment was 8.02±4.84. The mortality was 20.69%. The catheter retention time in hematoma puncture was (4.07±1.49)days, and the catheter retention time in ventricle puncture was (8.17±2.55)days. There were 9 cases of rebleeding and 2 cases of intracranial infection. The differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusions Soft and hard channel minimally invasive interventions of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage have the same clinical value.

Objective To observe the analgesic and sedative effects of dezocine injection on the medical thoracoscopy check -up.Methods 98 cases of patients with unexplained pleural effusion were randomly divided into sedation group(dezocine group,49 cases)and anesthesia group(local anesthesia by lidocaine,49 cases)by adopting digital expression method.Sedation group was intravenously injected with 5mg dezocine before the operation,and another 5mg dezocine was mixed with 100mL of 0.9% sodium chloride for intravenous drip,with 10mL of 2%lidocaine for local anesthesia during the operation;anesthesia group was only administered with 10mL of 2% lidocaine for local anesthesia.Verbal rating scales(VRS)results and visual analogue scales(VAS)results of the two group patients,as well as their hemodynamics and pleural reaction were recorded.Results The VAS scores of the sedation group and anesthesia group were (4.3 ±2.2)points and (2.1 ±1.9)points,respectively,VRS scores were (3.5 ± 1.1)points and (1.4 ±1.1 )points,there were statistically significant differences(t =0.415,P =0.019 and t =0.293,P =0.006,respectively).The two groups had basically similar operation duration,but the sedation group had more stable hemodynamic indexes such as maximum heart rate,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and pleural reaction,including cough,dizziness,chest tightness,sweating,etc.Conclusion Dezocine injection can be used in medical thoracoscopy check -up and treatment,with significant analgesic effect and less adverse reaction,effectively alleviating the discomfort of thoracoscopy check -up,and improving patients′compliance and comfort,so as to enhance the success rate of thoracoscopy check -up.

50; 3 female patients had minor ISRS. Among all factors, female patients had higher incidence of ISRS than male (P=0.038); balloon-expanding after stenting and accompanying with other artherosclerosis of periphery vessel had correlation about ISRS (P=0.037, P=0.016). Conclusion The severe restenosis rate is acceptable. Female patients were more likely to have ISRS. Balloon-expanding maybe have effect on reducing incidence of ISRS and controlling artherosclerosis was helpful.

Objective To explore effect of quercetin on growth of cervical cancer,and its relationship to expression heparanase, and to investigate the possible mechanism of the inhibition effect of quercetin on cervical cancer .Methods HeLa cells were injected into nude mouse to establish the model of cervical cancer.30 nude mice with palpable tumors were randomly assigned to five groups:25,50,100 mg/kg quercetin groups,PI-88 positive group and blank control group.Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of the vascular endothelial cells in each group.The expression of heparanase protein was detected by Western blot.Used blank control group for grey reference, relative grey value of each group was calculated for the further statistical analysis.Results 50,100 mg/kg quercetin groups and group of PI -88 made the volume of tumor tissues smaller.In 50 mg/kg quercetin group, swelling of VEC and mitochondria in tumor tissues was observed.In 100 mg/kg quercetin group, the disappearance of membraneaceous structures was found.In PI-88 positive group, the atresia of lumen, vacuole-shaped smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a dead cell were observed.50 and 100 mg/kg quercetin groups decreased the heparanase protein levels significantly(P<0.05).Furthermore, PI-88 positive group could decrease the heparanase protein levels significantly(P<0.05), compared to 50 and 100 mg/kg quercetin groups.However, the difference between the 25 mg/kg quercetin group and blank control group showed no statistical significance.Conclusion The growth of cervical cancer could be inhibited by 50, 100 mg/kg quercetin.Meanwhile, the ultrastructural changes of tumor endothelial cells could be induced by 50,100 mg/kg quercetin.These changes may relate with the decrease of heparanase protein level .

Objective To discuss combined detection of pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy and pulmonary serum tumor markers in diagnosis of pleural effusion with unknown reason.Methods 76 patients with pleural effusion caused by unknown reason from January 2014 to March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Pleural biopsy was conducted under medical thoracoscopy and sent for pathological examination, and 10 ml venous blood was collected from these patients upon admission for testing serum tumor markers (CEA, SCC-AG, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1).Results Among the 76 patients, there were 32 cases with benign lesions (14 with pulmonary tuberculosis, 9 with inlfammatory lesions, 6 with granulomatous inlfammation, 2 with empyema and 1 with hamartoma) and 44 cases with malignant lesions (18 with adenocarcinoma, 13 with squamous carcinoma, 6 with small cell lung cancer, 3 with adeno-squamous carcinoma, 2 with mesothelioma, 1 with large cell carcinoma and 1 with thymoma). The detection of serum tumor markers showed statistically significant differences in the levels of CEA, SCC-AG, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1 in serum between the malignant pleural effusion group and benign pleural effusion group (P = 0.021,P = 0.006,P = 0.003 andP = 0.010). The levels of various serum tumor markers in the malignant pleural effusion group were obviously higher than those in the benign pleural effusion group. According to the pathological results, patients with pleural effusions not caused by lung cancer (2 with mesothelioma and 1 with thymoma) were eliminated from 44 patients with malignant pleural effusions. The rest 41 patients with pleural effusions caused by lung cancer were divided into non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer according to the pathological types. The results showed that there were statistically signiifcant differences in the levels of CEA, ProGRP and CYFRA21-1 between non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer (P = 0.036,P = 0.005 andP = 0.008), while there was no statistically signiifcant difference in the level of SCC-AG (P = 0.811).Conclusions Due to high detection rate and high accuracy in detecting pleural effusions caused by unknown reason, medical thoracoscopy is of great signiifcance, especially for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions of pleural metastases. However, serum indicators may provide important reference values for us before the pathological results are available. Thus, it is an important means of diagnosing malignant pleural effusions caused by lung cancer and should be promoted in clinic.

BACKGROUND:Due to special physiological and anatomical location, stability of the spine is very complicated during thoracolumbar fractures. It is difficult to identify the stability of the spine. It should be based on their individual circumstances, to explore more effective internal fixation repair method.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the Cobb’s angle and vertebral height of patients with thoracolumbar fracture and spinal cord compression treated with posterior laminectomy and screw fixation, and compared with anterior laminectomy.
METHODS:One hundred patients with thoracolumbar fracture and spinal cord compression, who were treated in the Panyu District Central Hospital from January 2013 to November 2014, were enroled in this study. The patients were equaly and randomly divided into posterior laminectomy fixation group and anterior laminectomy fixation group. Tactile and sports of American Spinal Injury Association scores, Cobb’s angle and vertebral height were assessed before treatment and 1 month after treatment, and fixation effects were compared between the twogroups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) No significant difference in each index was detected between the two groups preoperatively (P> 0.05). (2) Tactile and sports of American Spinal Injury Association scores, Cobb’s angle and vertebral height were better in the posterior laminectomy fixation group than in the anterior laminectomy fixation group at 1 month postoperatively (P< 0.05). (3) These findings indicated that compared with the anterior laminectomy fixation, posterior laminectomy fixation for thoracolumbar fracture combined with spinal cord compression obtained better outcomes, and could obviously relieve spinal cord compression. Posterior laminectomy fixation isasafe and effective treatment method for thoracolumbar fracture and spinal cord compression.