Objective To investigate the relationship between occurrence of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)and seasonal change,so as to provide the basis for seasonal HAI prevention and control.Methods The occurrence of HAI among inpatients in a hospital between 2010 and 2013 was analyzed retrospectively.Results Of 303 371 patients,10 376 developed 12 919 cases of HAI,the incidence of HAI was 3.42%,infection case incidence was 4.26%.The highest inci-dence of HAI occurred in the fourth quarter(3.76%)and lowest in the second quarter (3.20%)(P <0.01);the main HAI site was lower respiratory tract (39.79%),followed by upper respiratory tract (13.17%),blood stream (10.39%), surgical site (8.60%),and urinary tract (7.91%).Patients in the following departments were with HAI rates of >5%:intensive care unit(ICU,24.61%),hematology(17.47%),rehabilitation(13.16%),neurosurgery(9.27%),infectious diseases (9.17%),cardiothoracic surgery(7.67%),and hepatobiliary surgery(5.13%),the main HAI sites in patients in ICU,department of neurosurgery were lower respiratory tract,blood stream,and urinary tract.Conclusion The occu-rrence of HAI is closely related with seasonal change,appropriate control measures should be taken according to seasonal change and sites of high HAI rates,so as to reduce the occurrence of HAI.

Objective In order to evaluate the quality and performance of chlorine dioxide disinfectant,it is necessary to develop a set of methods to determine the components in chlorine dioxide disinfectant.Methods Iodometry,malonic acid iodometry,improved malonic acid iodometry and five-step iodometry were employed to determine the components including ClO_2, Cl_2,ClO_2~-,and ClO_3~-in chlorine dioxide disinfectant,the advantages and disadvantages of the test methods were compared.Results Using iodometry,the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products activated by hydrochloric acid,the content of ClO_2 was 20.23 mg/ml that was accord with the content which was marked in the product label.Using malonic acid iodometriy,the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide contents of ClO_2 was 19.99 mg/ml,Cl_2 was 0.35 mg/ml,in which a little chlorine was detected.Using improved malonate iodometry and five-step iodometry,the activation rates of the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products were 88.0% and 75.6% respectively,ClO_2 and ClO_2~-in the liquid stabilized chlorine dioxide products could be distinguished.Conclusion Active chlorine dioxide and residual ClO_2~-can be detected by using iodometriy and improved malonic acid iodometry,but iodometriy and malonic acid iodometry can not.

Objective To observe the effects of fenofibrate and pioglitazone on the expressions of PPAR- α, PPAR-γ, and intracellular signaling molecules in pancreatic islets of obese rats induced by high-fat diets. Methods SD obese rat models were established with high-fat diet, and 40 male rats were assigned to 4 groups including high-fat diet (HF group), high-fat diet with fenofibrate (FF group), pioglitazone (FP group) treatment, and control rats with normal diet (NC group). After 8 weeks intervention, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expressions of various proteins in islets; At the same time, islets mass were scored in tissue slides. Results Islets mass enlarged in HF group. The compositions of islet cells were the same as the control. The expression of insulin was lower in HF group than the control, but after using pioglitazone, less islets mass and more insulin expression were found in FP group. Compared with the control group, expressions of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ protein were reduced in HF group, and the expression of PPAR-α protein increased in FF group, and the expression of PPAR-γ protein was increased in FP group. The levels of NF-кB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1 proteins increased significantly in HF group, the expressions of NF-кB, p38 MAPK decreased in FF and FP groups, and the level of ERK1 decreased only in FP group, the protein level of I-кB showed no difference among control, HF group, and FF groups. Conclusion Fenofibrate and pioglitazone may partially protect islet cells function and improve survival by correcting the disturbance of intracellular signaling molecules.

The isolate XGH2321,which isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Rhizophora stylosa Griff in Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve in China,was identified as a fungus in the genera of Penicillium based on its morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence analysis.After in-oculated in the modified CzapeK-DoX medium(consisted of 4% corn steep,0.3% NaNO3,0.05% KCl,0.1% K2HPO4,0.05% MgSO4,pH 7.4,9% salinity),and cultured under the condition of 28?C in a rotary shaker at 160 r/min for 7 days,the extracts of ethyl acetate and water-soluble from the fermentation broth showed the apparent antibacterial activities against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,Sarcina lutea,and Bacillus subtilis with the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 800 ?g/mL and 400 ?g/mL,respectively.While at the same time,these two extracts could also suppress the growth of the plant pathogen,Rhizoctonia solani with MIC of 400 ?g/mL and 200 ?g/mL,respectively.

Objective To investigate the effects of MEK1 specific inhibitor PD98059 on oxaliplatin-treated colorectal cancer cells and the potential mechanism. Methods Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after transfecting MEK1 active plasmid into LoVo cells. LoVo cells were treated with oxaliplatin or PD98059, and the proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. PUMA expression and ERK activity were determined by Western blot. Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 dye after PUMA expression was suppressed. Results Increasing activity of ERK enhanced the proliferation of LoVo cells. The activity of ERK was suppressed by oxaliplatin. PD98059 and oxaliplatin decreased the proliferation rate of LoVo cells synergistically. PUMA expression increased after PD98059 and oxaliplatin treatment. The suppression of PUMA expression by stably transfecting PUMA anti-sense vector decreased apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin and PD98059. Conclusion PD98059 enhances the effects of oxaliplatin on colorectal cancer cells mediated by PUMA expression.

Objective:To explore the histogenesis and differentiation of dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Methods: Clinical information and microscopic characteristics of 26 cases of DF and 26 cases of DFSP were investigated. The immunohistochemical study was performed on microarray sections by a panel of antibodies including FactorⅩⅢa, HLA-DR, CD34, CD14, S-100, MSA, and Ki67. Probe was labeled by in vitro transcription. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-? and bFGF were investigated by in situ hybridization. Results: All cases showed positive for Factor ⅩⅢa,HLA-DR and CD34 to different extent. The medians of positive rates in DF were FactorⅩⅢa 90%, HLA-DR 70%, and CD34 5%, and in DFSP were FactorⅩⅢa 10%, HLA-DR 5%, and CD34 80%. CD14 was positive in 3 cases of DF and 1 case of DFSP. S-100 was positive in 6 cases of DFSP and 2 cases of DF. MSA was positive in 5 cases of DFSP and 3 cases of DF. In all cases, positive rate of Ki67 was less than 5%. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-? was elevated in DF in comparison with DFSP. Conclusion: Both DF and DFSP can differentiate to dendritic cells (DC) in different degree. Considering the character of microscopic features and immunohistochemical phenotype, cells of DF are much similar to mature DC, while those of DFSP much similar to immature dermal reserve cell (DRC). The differences of cell differentiation between DF and DFSP result in different prognosis. DF is a benign tumor, while DFSP a low grade malignant tumor. The different expression of FactorⅩⅢa and CD34 may be helpful to differential diagnosis of DF and DFSP.

Objective To study the value of unenhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging in follow-up of liver carcinomas after gamma knife therapy.Methods 57 patients examined by MR imaging after gamma knife therapy were analyzed retrospectively,and compared with outcome of AFP.Results Lesions treated with gamma knife therapy on precontrast imaging showed 4 kinds of appearances:(1) Slightly low signal intensity on T1WI and slightly high signal intensity on T2WI.(2)Slightly low signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI.(3)Slightly high signal intensity on T1WI,isointensity and slightly high signal heterogeneous intensity on T2WI.(4)Slightly high signal intensity on both T1WI and T2WI.The necrotic lesions showed sustained ring-shaped or honeycomb enhancement or patching enhancement in hepatic tissue around the lesions with lesions unenhancing.Recurrent lesions or new lesions were enhanced in arterial phase,followed by rapid wash-out in the delay phase.The rate of completely necrosis was 93.5% in small liver carcinoma group(

Obejective: To investigate the islet functions and free radical metabolism of different Se-deficient rat models induced by diet control and chemical drugs and improve the animal model research of roles of oxidative stress in islet ? cell lesions in nutritional field. Methods: The Se-deficient rat models and DM model on the basis of Se-deficient rats were made respectively with natural, artificial semisythetic diets, and the injection of streptozotocin into the Se-deficient rats. Both the free radical metabolism of pancreas and ? cell functions in all rat mode ls were observed by biochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Results: T he decrease of GSH-Px, SOD activities and increase of LPO,MDA contents followed the decreased insulin level not only in serum but also in pancreas in almost all Se-deficient rat models. The supplementation of either Se or VE significantly decreased the contents of LPO, MDA and increased the insulin contents as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes in serum and pancreas of the rats. Comclusion: The diabetes mellitus animal model induced on the basis of Se-deficient and by multiply and low doses injection of STZ is more useful for investigation of DM in nutritional fields.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; complications ; immunology ; pathology ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; etiology ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective Soft and hard channel minimally invasive interventions for patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage have been used for many years. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the superiority of these two methods. Methods 122 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were included in this retrospective study, 64 cases in soft channel group and 58 cases in hard channel group. The clinical effects were compared; catheter retention time and complications of the minimally invasive surgery were also observed in these two groups. Results In soft channel group, NIHSS before the treatment was 18.05±7.77, and NIHSS after the treatment was 7.57±4.68. The mortality was 17.19%. The catheter retention time in hematoma puncture was (4.35±1.56)days, and the catheter retention time in ventricle puncture was (7.67±2.37)days. There were 4 cases of rebleeding and 3 cases of intracranial infection. In hard channel group, NIHSS before the treatment was 18.38±9.02, and NIHSS after the treatment was 8.02±4.84. The mortality was 20.69%. The catheter retention time in hematoma puncture was (4.07±1.49)days, and the catheter retention time in ventricle puncture was (8.17±2.55)days. There were 9 cases of rebleeding and 2 cases of intracranial infection. The differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusions Soft and hard channel minimally invasive interventions of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage have the same clinical value.