Objective To study the physiological indexes of children receiving cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in order to provide some data for establishing the normal CPET reference value in Chinese children.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight healthy children underwent the CPET with the standard scheme.All children were divided into 3 groups according to ages:3-6 years old, ＞6-10 years old and ＞ 10-14 years old.The physiological indexes of CPET were collected, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max/kg) , oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2/kg@AT), maximal tolerance power (Pmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), peak respiratory minute volume to CO2 (peak VE/VCO2), slope of respiratory minute volume to CO2 (VE/VCO2 slope), maximal tidal volume (VTmax) and the maximal minute ventilation (VEmax).The range in normal values for physiological CPET variables was recorded.Results The VO2max/kg was (31.71 ± 7.31) mL/(min · kg), (31.05 ± 5.96) mL/(min · kg), and (34.10 ±8.72) mL/(min · kg) in the 3-6 years old group, ＞6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of boys.The VO2/kg@AT was (28.32 ± 10.20) mL/ (min · kg), (23.13 ± 9.56) mL/(min · kg), and (22.18 ± 7.72) mL/(min · kg)in the 3-6 years old group, ＞6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of boys.The VO2 max/kg was (29.27 ± 4.19) mL/(min · kg), (30.67 ± 5.59) mL/ (min · kg) (29.18 ± 6.56) mL/ (min · kg) in the 3-6 years old group, ＞ 6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of girls.The VO2@AT was (26.64 ±9.49) mL/(min · kg) ,(20.53 ±7.66) mL/(min · kg) ,(17.83 ±6.49) mL/(min · kg)in the 3-6 years old group, ＞6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of girls.VO2max/kg and VO2/kg@AT did not change with age,there was no gender difference in VO2max/kg(P ＞0.05).VO2/kg@AT of boys was higher than girls in the 3-6 years old group(t =2.351 ,P =0.023).The Pmax,VEmax and VTmax increased with the growth of age(boy: F =49.436,24.290,28.958, all P ＜ 0.001;girl : F =58.287,42.990,28.802, all P ＜ 0.001), but not significant in different gender group(P ＞ 0.05).In boys peak VE/VCO2, VE/VCO2 slope and HRmax were significantly different (F =4.758,P =0.012;F =8.050, P =0.001;F =3.869, P =0.026), however these indexes were not significantly different in girls(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This study provides a set of data for the most important CPET variables in Chinese children.VO2max/kg does not change with age,so it can be used as a valuable parameter in exercise ability evaluation.

Objective To investigate the effects ofviaminate on the proliferation and differentiation of HaCaT cells,a human keratinocyte cell line.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations (2,5,10,15,20,25 and 30?g/mL) of viaminate for various durations.The cell proliferation was assessed by MTT method,the changes of cell cycle and apoptosis rate by flow cytometry,the changes of keratin 10 and involucrin mRNA expressions by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results The proliferation of HaCaT cells was inhibited by the treatment with viaminate of≥2?g/mL for 48 h,and the inhibition rate was raised with the increase of treatment time and dosage.The viaminate of 30?g/mL inhibited the proliferation of HaCaT cells by 57.67% and 82.00% at 48 and 72 h after the incubation respectively,and elevated the mRNA expression of involucrin from 40.80% to 156.12%,decreased the mRNA expression of keratin 10 from 96.46% to 14.60%.The mRNA expression of involucrin increased with the elevation of viarninate dosage.Under the treatment with viaminate for 48 h,the cell population at G_1 phase significantly increased,that at S and G_2 phases decreased;the switching of G_1 to G_2 was inhibited;but the cell apoptosis was not affected.Conclusion Viaminate could inhibit the proliferation and induce the differentiation of keratinocytes.

Respiratory diseases are common in the elderly and often the main causes of death among this population. In addition, it is expected that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lower respiratory tract infections, lung cancer, and pulmonary tuberculosis will be listed in the top ten diseases in 2020. Therefore, screening, diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases should be strengthened among the elderly; meanwhile, studies on geriatric respiratory medicine should be further enhanced.
Aged ; Geriatrics ; Humans ; Pulmonary Medicine ; Respiratory Tract Diseases

Institute for International Medical Education(IIME) develops the concept of global minimum essential requirements,in which the knowledge and skills of"group health"are ranked as the important parts of training the qualified medical students. But in China,the medi-cal colleges almost run the schools according to the traditional teaching system. Whether teach-ing the knowledge of group health is consistent with the current personnel training requirements deserves our attention. Based on the investigation of teaching status about the medical students "group health"knowledge,the author finds the problems in the field of education with regard to the knowledge and skills and puts forward specific measures to improve it.

Teaching hospital plays a central role in training excellent doctor.Clinical teaching secretaries act as the advisor,coordinator,logistics people and supervisor in hospital clinical teaching management.Their duties include helping leader form and fulfill teaching plan,collect and arrange teaching records.To better accomplish the teaching secretarial job,a clinical teaching secretary should keep improving professional quality and personal comprehensive ability,ameliorating working methods and enhancing innovative thinking in a sound managing and evaluating system.

Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)is a polypeptide cell growth factor,which has exten- sive physiological functions.With the in-depth study,the exploration of relationship between basic fibroblast growth factor and tumor has been developing rapidly in recent years,It shows a good prospect in diagnosis and treatment of tumor.There is a brief overview about the molecular biology of bFGF,its expression in tumor and the relationship between bFGF and tumorigenesis.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; pharmacology ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Humans

Baculoviruses produce two viral phenotypes, the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV). ODVs are released from occlusion bodies in the midgut where they initiate a primary infection. Due to the lack of an in vitro system, the molecular mechanism of ODV infection is still unclear. Here we present data demonstrating that Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) ODV infected cultured Hz-AM1 cells in a pH dependent manner. The optimal pH for ODV infection was 8.5, which is same to that in the microvilli of midgut epithelial cells, the ODV native infection sites. Antibodies neutralization analysis indicated that four HearNPV oral infection essential genes p74, pif-1, pif-2 and pif-3 are also essential for HearNPV ODV infection in vitro. Thus, HearNPV-HzAM1 system can be used to analyze the mechanism of ODV entry.

In order to investigate the genetic basis of morphological variation of tetraploid plantlets of Atractylodes macrocephala, diploid plantlets were taken as experimental material, sterile filtration colchicine was used to soak 0.5-1.0 cm long buds. The difference between morphology and stomatal of diploid and tetraploid of A. macrocephala was compared, and genome polymorphism was explored by AFLP. The results showed that the buds dipped in 0.1% colchicine solution for 36 h was optimal conditions to induce tetraploid of A. macrocephala with induction rate of 32.0%. Morphological indexes such as leaf area index, leaf length and width, the density of stomas and the number of chloroplast of tetraploid were distinctly different from diploid. Four hundred and fifty-one bands ranging with 80-500 bp were amplified with 24 pairs of primers, the rate of polymorphism was 32.59%. These amplification sites of diploid were different from tetraploid of A. macrocephala, and the differences in morphology of them were reflected in the DNA polymorphism.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; methods ; Atractylodes ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tetraploidy