Objective To investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) transplantation in the treatment of the MRL/lpr mice. Methods Twenty four 18-week-old MRL/lpr female mice were divided into 3 groups:group 1 (G1) were transplanted with 1×106 UC- MSCs through caudal vein, group 2 (G2) were transplanted with 1×106 UC- MSCs three times and group 3 (G3) were treated with 0.5 ml normal saline as controls. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies. Twenty-four hours proteinuria and body weight were assessed every two weeks. The histopathology changes of the kidneys and lungs were observed. Results ① At the 25th weeks, the 24 hours proteinuria in group G1 (2.3±1.9) mg and G2 (1.8±1.4) mg was decreased than that in the control group (3.8±2.1) mg (P<0.05), and at the 27th weeks, that of groups G1 (2.5±1.5) mg and G2 (1.9±1.2) mg was also significantly decreased than in the control group (5.4±2.4) mg (P<0.01); ② From the 24th week, the body weight of groups G1 and G2 increased significantly than that of the control group (P< 0.05). At week 29, serum creatinine decreased significantly in both groups G1 (7.2±3.2) μmol/L and G2 (6.2±2.8) μmol/L than in the control group (12.5±2.3 ) μmol/L (P<0.05); ③One week after transplantation, the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies in group G1 (46±11)×102 U/ml and G2(49×43)×102 U/ml were bothsignificantly decreased than those of the control groups (99±42)×102 U/ml (P<0.05) and the difference between group G2 (36±15)×102 U/ml and the controls (68±32)×102 U/ml was statistically significant; ④The nephron crescent formation in group G1 (0.12±0.07) and G2 (0.08±0.02) was significantly lower that of the control group (0.20±0.06) (P<0.05) and that of group G2 was significantly less that of froup G1 (P<0.05); ⑤ The interstitial pneumonitis was singnificantly milder in group G1 than group G2. Conclusions UC- MSCs is very effective in treating MRL/lpr mice. It is safe and free of rejection reactions.

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate (ART) on interstitial pneumonia and sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice.Methods A total of 18 MRL/lpr mice were randomly allocated to a hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) group,a ART group and a control group.At the age of 18 weeks,the mice in the HCQ group and ART group were given HCQ 150 mg/kg daily and ART 50 mg/kg daily for 12 weeks,respectively.The histopathological changes of pneumonitis and submaxillaritis were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the serum and urine were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results At the age of 30 weeks,the index of peribronchiolar lesion (1.62 ± 0.19,1.52 ± 0.30 vs.1.95 ± 0.34;all P＜0.05),the index of perivascular lesion (1.23 ± 0.18,1.28 ± 0.12 vs.1.57 ± 0.33;all P＜0.05),the alveolar lesions index (1.35 ± 0.16,1.05 ± 0.15 vs.1.72 ± 0.34;all P＜0.05) and the submaxillaritis index (1.48 ± 0.22,1.43 ± 0.15 vs.1.84 ± 0.34;all P＜0.05) in the HCQ group and the ART group were significantly decreased than those in the control group.The MCP-1 levels in the serum (1 103.02 ± 185.56 pg/ml,1 072.37 ± 242.43 pg/ml vs.1 490.67 ± 329.43 pg/ml;all P＜0.05) and urine (189.16 ± 70.85 pg/ml,198.79 ± 113.47 pg/ml vs.446.79 ± 192.31 pg/ml;all P＜0.05) in the HCQ group and the ART group were significantly lower than those in the control group.Conclusion ART can decrease the MCP-1 level,and ameliorate interstitial pneumonitis and sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice.

Objective To explore the ideal living states and expectations of the elderly residing in Chengdu city,Sichuan Province and the most favorite pension system they want.To provide a theoretical basis for our country to build a suitable pension system and improve the quality of life and happiness of the elderly.Methods Qualitative-quantitative combined methods and convenient sampling were used in this study.The qualitative data with semi-structured in-depth interviews had been obtained from the selected 40 elderly who live in Chengdu,while the quantitative data with the questionnaires were obtained from other 130 elderly.Results Family location,gender,educational background,age had impact on the expected pension system of the elderly(P＜0.05).Conclusion Different elderly have different expectation on the pension system,the current pension system should be reformed according to their expectations.

Objective To explore the changes of inflammatory factors in patients with different stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ,and to study the changes of immune microenvironment in patients with RA .Methods The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ,interleukin‐10(IL‐10) ,interleukin‐6(IL‐6) ,interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4(IL‐4) in patients with RA on ac‐tive stage(36 cases) ,patients with RA on remitting stage and healthy individuals (30 cases)were detected by using cytometric bead array .Results The serum levels of IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF in active stage RA group were higher than those in control group and re‐mitting stage RA group ,while serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were lower than those in control group and remitting stage RA group , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The serum levels of IL‐6 and IL‐1βin remitting stage RA group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) .There were no significant differences in levels of IL‐4 ,IL‐10 and TNF between remitting stage RA group and control group(P>0 .05) .As the disease develops ,except for IL‐6 which tended to be stable , the serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 had a rising trend ,while serum levels of IL‐1βand TNF had a downward trend with the progres‐sion of RA .Conclusion There is an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with RA on active stage ,in which Th1 cytokines are dominantly expressed .Periodic detection of inflammatory factors according to the course of RA could provide a relia‐ble basis for the assessment of disease activity .

Objective To investigate the in vivo or in vitro immune regulatory effects of allogeneic bone-marrow mesenchymal stem ceils (MSC) and human umbilical cord MSC on CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in the spleen of MRL/Ipr mice. Methods Human MSC were isolated and expanded from bone marrow cells of healthy donors and infused into five SLE patients. The percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared by centrifugation on a Ficoll Hypaque density gradient. The MSC and PBMC from unrelated donors (MSC:PBMC =1:1,1:10,1:50) were added into 24-well plates. After 72h of co-culture, the percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells were detected by flow cytome- try. Twenty four 18-week-old MRL/Ipr female mice were divided into 3 groups and were injected with umbilical cord MSC (1×106 cells for one time, 1×106 cells for three times and 0.5 ml sodium chloride as control respectively). The percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in spleen and lymphoid nodes were detected by flow cytometry. Results The percentages of blood CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells at one week (4.8± 1.6)% and at three months (6.0±2.6)% post MSC transplantation for patients with SLE were both higher than that before transplantation (2.1±1.2)% (n=5,P<0.05). The co-culture of normal bone marrow MSC with PBMC from SLE patients resulted in a statistically significant increase of CD+ Foxp3+ T cells percentage in PBMC on a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). The percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells of PBMC from SLE patients co-cultured with lupus MSC were lower than that of normal MSC (P<0.05). The cultured supematant of normal MSC also upregulated the percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells of PBMC from SLE patients (P<0.05). The MRL/lpr mice that had been injected umbilical cord MSC for one time and three times had higher percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+T cells in the spleen but lower in the lymphoid nodes as compared with controls (P<0.01), but without statistical significant difference. Conclusion Allogeneic or heterogeneie MSC transplantation upregulates the percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in SLE patients or in MRL/Ipr mice. Upregnlation of Treg population may be one of the mechanisms of MSC transplantation that is effective for SLE treatment.

Objective To explore the rehabilitation effect of pelvic floor muscle training combined with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of mild-moderate pelvic organ prolapse.Methods A prospective ease-control study,choosing 103 patients of mild-moderate pelvic organ prolapse from October 2012 to May 2014 in Maternal and Child Health Hospital Outpatient of Hunan Province,which were randomly divided into study group (52 cases) and control group (51 cases).All of the patients underwent two courses of pelvic floor muscle training,including Kegel exercise,biofeedback,electrical stimulation therapy,the study group combined with traditional Chinese medicine (Buzhongyiqitang) at the same time.The efficacy was analyzed before and after treatment of pelvic floor muscle strength,myoelectric potential and indexing of pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) changes.Results There werent statistically significant differences in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ muscle fiber muscle strength and myoelectric potential of two groups before treatment,while the shrinkage index improved significantly after treatment,and the study group was significantly higher with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The effective rates of POP-Q indexing changes in two groups were 71.2％ and 56.9％,respectively.The effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The clinical efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training combined with Buzhongyiqitang in the treatment of mild-moderate pelvic organ prolapse was significant,and it had a good clinical value.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in the MRL/lpr mice. Methods MRL/lpr mice were divided into HCQ, the artesunate (ART) and proteinuria was detected with Coomassi Brilliant blue method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the anti-doubM-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) antibody. Renal tissue sections were dyed By PAS methods. The percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes were detected by flow 2.0) mg groups were decreased than in the control group (4.8±3.2) mg (P<0.05). And it was also lower in the HCQ (2.8±1.1) mg and ART (2.4±1.9) mg group than in the control group (6.4±1.9) mg (P<0.01) at 30 in the control group (37.1±1.0) g (P<0.01), while serum creatinine decreased significantly (7.8±4.0) μmol/L than in the control group (12.5±2.3) μmol/L (P<0.05), and the serum anti ds-DNA antibodies levels (3047±renal damage in the HCQ group and in the ART group was Both significantly improved than that in the entages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in spleen when compared with the control group (1.5±0.5)% (P<0.05). The mice in the HCQ group (0.68±0.33)% and in the ART group (0.97±0.28)% had higher percentages of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in lymph nodes as compared with control group (2.15±0.72)%(P<0.01). Conclusion HCQ is effective in treating MRL/lpr lupus mice. It can improve the pathologic lesions of lupus nephritis, reduce proteinuria and antibody production. Both HCQ and ART can up-regulate the percentage of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in spleen of MRL/lpr mice.

Objective To investigate the muhilineage differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymM stem eels (MSCs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Density gradient centrifugation and plastic adherence methods were used for isolation of marrow-derived MSCs.Then tIIeir differentiation potentiality to lipoblasts and osteoblasts waft tested.MSCs loading on hydroxyapatite were elnbedded in the nude mouse's subcutaneous tissues.Eight weeks later.osteogenesis was evaluated by HE staining.PPA Rγ2,LPL,Runx2/CBFA1,osteocalcin gene expression in MSCs after differentiation were examined by RT-PCR.Results The positive rates of lipoblasts stained by oil red O and optical density in SLE were decreased than in the control group[(35±7)% vs (80±5)%] (0.14±0.04 vs 0.27±0.04),and the positive rates of osteoblasts stained by Alizarin Red S in SLE were decreased than those in the control group [(35±4)% vs (45±4)%].Osteoblast differentiation in the SLE group was less than that of the contro]group.The mRNA expression of LPL (0.369±0.020 vs 0.481±0.038).Runx2/CBFA1 (0.371±0.000 vs 0.563±0.069).osteoealcin (0.819±0.023 vs 0.962±0.049) of MSCs after difierentiation in the SLE group was decreased than that of the control group.There was no significant difference in the expression of PPARγ2 mRNA between SLE and controI group (0.421±0.052 vs 0.441±0.012).Conelusion MSCs from SLE have abnormalities in osteogenie and adipogenic differentiation potential.

Objective To study the content of volatile oil from old leaves, tender leaves, fallen leaves and seeds of cinnamomum camphora tree in Hunan, China. To prepare and identify the volatile oil of its β-cycoldextrin inclusion compound. Methods The volatile oil was extracted by water-steam distillation. With inclusion rate as the index, trituration method, saturated water solution method and ultrasound method were compared. The optimum conditions were investigated by the orthogonal test. The inclusion compound was identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet visible spectrum (UV-Vis) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results From June to July, the average content of volatile oil extracted from old leaves, tender leaves, fallen leaves and seeds were 1.58%, 1.52%, 0.84% and 1.39%, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows:the ratio of β-cyclodextrin and volatile oil was 10∶1, the adding water was 4 times and inclusing time was 2 h. Before and after inclusion, the spectrum of TLC and UV-Vis of volatile oil showed no obvious change. The DSC of inclusion compound,β-cycoldextrin, volatile oil and the mixture had significant differences. Conclusion The amount of the volatile oil from old leaves is higher. The optimized condition of inclusion is stable and reasonable.

Innate immune system rapidly detects and responds to viruses at the early stage of viral infection. However,the mechanisms by which the immune system recognizes and eliminates them have not been fully clarified so far. Studies have shown that receptors are the primary tool for cell recognition and detection of viruses, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)is one of the newly found DNA recognition receptors. cGAS transmits the signal to the downstream protein called STING(stimulator of interferon genes)and mediates the production of type I interferon(IFN-I),thereby to initiates the antiviral immunity of cells. This review briefly introduces the mechanism of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of new antiviral drugs.