Chronic constipation(CC)is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Treatment of CC includes drug and non-drug treatment. Biofeedback(BF)is a psychological behavior therapy and has become the first-line therapy of CC. However,the efficacy of BF reported varied substantially. This article reviewed the evaluation of efficacy of BF on CC.

BackgroundAdenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from lacrimal gland epithelium with high recurrence rate and mortality because of its invasiveness. Although surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used clinically,the curative effect is not enough satisfied. ObjectiveThis study was to provide an experimental basis for clinical application of 125 Ⅰ seeds interstitial brachytherapy. MethodsHuman ACC-2 cell links were transplanted subcutaneously in the back of 30 SPF BALB/C nude mice to establish the ACC model,and 25 of these mice with suitable sizes of tumor were selected and randomly divided into the G1 (0. 4 mCi 125 Ⅰ ), G2 (0. 6 mCi 125 Ⅰ ) ,G3(0. 8mCi 125 Ⅰ ) ,and G4( 1.0mCi 125 Ⅰ ) groups according to the different therapeutic radioactivity treatments,with 5 nude mice for each group,and a 125 Ⅰ seed without radioactivity was used in 5 mice as the control group. The dimensions of the tumors were measured at 2-day intervals and the inhibition rates of tumors were calculated. Nude mice were killed 14 days later by the broken neck method,and the amount of apoptosis and necrosis as well as the maximum effective radius of tumor to 125Ⅰseed were detected under the transmission electron microscope and routine pathological examination. ResultsFourteen day after operation, the dimension of tumors was (3713.19±243.23)mm3 in the G0 group;while in the G1 ,G2 ,G3 and G4 groups,the dimensions of tumors were (3113.35±316.54) mm3,(2635.85±261.21) mm3, (2538.37±312.16) mm3 and(1686.28±231.65) mm3,respectively, showing a significant decrease in comparison with the Go group( P＜0. 05 ). The tumor inhibitory rates in the G1 ,G2,G3 and G4 group were(20. 11±3.09)％, (36. 18±2.54)％ ,(40. 83±4. 17)％ ,and(66. 63±5.34)％ ,with an obvious elevation with the increase in the dose of 125 Ⅰ ( F=120. 240,P=0. 000). Correlative analysis showed that the intensity of radioactivity from 125Ⅰhad a positive correlation with tumor inhibitory rate (r =0. 653,P =0. 008 ). The maximum effective radius were ( 5.2 ±0.5 ) mm, ( 6.4 ±0. 7 ) mm, ( 7.4 ±0.4 ) mm, and ( 8.2 ±0. 5 ) mm in the G1 ,G2, G3 and G4 groups, with the considerable differences among them (F=29. 22, P=0. 000). Radioactivity of 125 Ⅰ exhibited positive correlation with the maximum effective radius ( r =0. 609, P =0. 004). Conclusions125 Ⅰseed implantation brachytherapy can inhibit the growth of the transplanted ACC in BALB/C nude mice by suppressing the proliferation of tumor cells. It is a safe ,feasible and effective method to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Objective To observe the clinical effects and intubation condition of different doses of domestic cisatricurium(CA) in children. Methods Forty-five peadiatric patients aged 2 to 12 years old scheduled for selective surgery were randomized to three groups of 2 ED_(95) CA(0. 08 mg/kg), 3ED_(95) CA(0. 12 mg/kg) and 4ED_(95) CA(0. 16 mg/kg) (C_2, C_3, C_4 groups). Neuromuscular blockade was monitored with TOF-Guard. The conditions for trachea[intuDation were scored and the onset time, clinical duration, recovery index were recored. ResultsTracheal intubation was performed successfully in all patients. The conditions for tracheal intubation were scored greater 5 points in groups of C_3 and C_4 ,which was only 33. 3% of patients in group C_2. The onset time was shortened and the duration of action was prolonged as the dose of CA increased. But the recovery index of three groups were smilar. Conclusion An increase of CA dosage can shorten the onset time and prolong the duration of action and 3ED_(95) CA is suitable for tracheal intubation in children.

Gastrointestinal tract contains the most complicated microbial ecosystem of the human body,and balance of microbial ecosystem has been proved to play an important role in human health.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is closely related to the esophageal,gastric and intestinal microecology.It has been revealed that alterations in gut microbial ecosystem may induce mucosal inflammation,relax lower esophageal sphincter (LES),increase intragastric pressure and delay gastric emptying via various pathways and subsequently cause or exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux.In this article,the advances in study on gut microbial ecosystem and GERD were reviewed.

Gut microbiota is characteristically changed and participates in the pathogenesis and progression of a variety of diseases.Studies have shown that the ecological diversities of gut microbiota of constipated patients are disturbed, and some probiotics are effective for treatment of chronic constipation.This article reviewed the research progress on alterations of gut microbiota in chronic constipation, the mechanism of which affecting gastrointestinal motility, the interaction between microbiota and motility, and the efficacy of probiotics for clarifying the effect of gut microbiota on chronic constipation and guiding the clinical treatment.

Abstract?AlM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injection with Ranibizumab combined with sub-Tenon injection with Triamcinolone acetonide ( TA ) for macular edema ( ME) due to central retinal venous occlusions ( CRVO) .?METHODS:Forty-six patients (46 eyes) were diagnosed ischemic CRVO with significant macular edema by fundus fluorescence-angiography ( FFA ) and optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) . All the patients had panretinal photocoagulation ( PRP ) , a week after the four times therapies. Twenty-three patients ( 23 eyes ) in group A were randomly chosen to receive intravitreal injection with ranibizumab ( lVR ) , another 23 patients ( 23 eyes ) in group B to treat with both lVR and sub-Tenon injection with TA ( PSTT ) . There was no significant difference on macular edema and best corrected visual activity ( BCVA) between the two groups. The changes in BCVA and central macular thickness ( CMT) before and 1wk; 1, 3, 6mo after treatments were analyzed.?RESULTS: One week after the treatment: the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B (P<0. 05). BCVA and CMT changes between two groups were statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). One month and three months after the treatment:the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in group A and B (P<0. 05), the difference was significant between two groups ( P< 0. 05 ). Six month after the treatment:the BCVA increased while the CMT decreased compared with that of pretreatment in groups A and B. Compare BCVA difference between the groups was statistically significant change (P<0. 05), CMT difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON:Not only lVR can decrease ME caused by CRVO and increase the BCVA, but also lVR combined with PSTT can. But combined therapies can be more rapidly and have more positive effect on decreasing the ME and protecting the visual function.

Objective To investigate the application value of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping by DNA microarray technology and the relationship between ApoE allelic frequency and serum ApoE levels in both healthy individuals and patients with Alzheimer ′s disease (AD).Methods This research is case-control study.DNA microarray was used to detect the ApoE genotypes of AD patients (n =280) and age-matched non-demented elderly control subjects ( n =230) .The cases and controls were collected in Guangzhou Huiai Hospital during July 2014 to September 2015.The accuracy of genotype results was verified by DNA sequencing.Serum ApoE levels were measured by immunoturbidimetric assay .The ApoE genotype distribution and the relationship between ApoE allelic frequency and serum ApoE levels were analyzed.The “t” test was used to compare the ApoE levels of AD patients and controls , variance analysis was used to analyze ApoE levels in the persons with different genotype .Results DNA microarray technology genotyping results were completely consistent with the results of DNA sequencing .In AD group, the ApoE genotype distribution were 2.9%(8 /280) for ε2ε3, 1.8% (5/280) for ε2ε4, 46.8% (131/280)for ε3ε3,45.4%(127 /280) for ε3ε4 and 3.1%(9 /280) for ε4ε4.While in the control group, the ApoE genotype distribution were 0.9%(2 /230) for ε2ε2, 12.6% (29/230)for ε2ε3, 1.3%(3 /230) forε2ε4, 70.0% (161 /230) for ε3ε3 and 15.2% (35 /230) for ε3ε4.The average serum concentrations of ApoE were (33.29 ±10.87)mg/L in AD patients and (41.28 ±10.95)mg/L in the controls.Among all participants, the average serum levels of ApoE were (50.86 ±6.21) mg/L for ε2 carriers, (38.78 ± 12.07)mg/L for ε3 carriers and (30.47 ±7.68)mg/L for ε4 carriers.In AD group,ApoE level of ε2, ε3,ε4 carriers is (50.31 ±9.08)mg/L, (38.30 ±7.60) mg/L and (32.86 ±5.93)mg/L respectively.In the control group, the ApoE level of ε2, ε3, ε4 carriers is (51.00 ±5.53)mg/L, (41.01 ±10.09)mg/L and (32.86 ±5.93)mg/L respectively.The ApoE levels of persons with different ApoE alleles are ε2 >ε3 >ε4. The difference is significant (F =89.6, P <0.05).However, the ApoE levels in persons with the same ApoE genotype between healthy individuals and AD patients have no significant difference ( t =0.981, 2.878 and 1.732 respectively, P >0.05) .Conclusions DNA microarray technology possesses high efficiency and favorable accuracy.The ε2 allele is associated with a higher ApoE concentration , ε3 allele with a mediate concentration and ε4 allele with a lowest concentration.Serum concentrations of ApoE showed no significant difference between AD patients and the healthy groups who have the same genotype .The primary cause of the low serum ApoE levels in AD patients is that the ApoE ε4 allelic frequencies of them are higher than that of the healthy persons.

Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)is a polypeptide cell growth factor,which has exten- sive physiological functions.With the in-depth study,the exploration of relationship between basic fibroblast growth factor and tumor has been developing rapidly in recent years,It shows a good prospect in diagnosis and treatment of tumor.There is a brief overview about the molecular biology of bFGF,its expression in tumor and the relationship between bFGF and tumorigenesis.

Objective To investigate the mental status and influential factors of female patients with malignant tumor.Method Self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were to investingate 57 female cancer patients.Results The scores on depression and anxiety were(56.35±12.9)and(46.11±10.91),both significantly higher than the norms(all P<0.01). The factors influencing their extents of depression and anxiety included tumors in the reproductive system,breast cancer,poor economic condition,no spouse and multiple hospitalizations.Conclusions The female cancer patients suffer from many mental problems. The influential factors are the reproductive system,breast cancer,poor economic condition,no spouse and multiple hospitalizations,which needs clinical interventions.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of EDTA-2Na in amphotericin B. Methods: A Waters C18 column(50 mm × 4. 6mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase A was acetic acid solution (1. 5 ml acetic acid was added into 1000ml water, and 41 ml 10% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide solution was added), and the mobile B was acetonitrile with gradient e-lution. The flow rate was 0. 8 ml·min-1 , the column temperature was 30℃, the detection wavelength was 260 nm and the injection volume was 25μl. Results:The results showed that EDTA-2Na in amphotericin B could be detected without any interference. The cal-ibration curve of EDTA-2Na was linear within the range of 0. 92-7. 37μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9), the LOD was 1. 93 ng·ml-1 and the LOQ was 6. 45 ng·ml-1. The average recovery was 102. 5% (RSD=2. 8%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is simple, selective and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of EDTA-2Na in amphotericin B.