OBJECTIVE: Cationic polymers can deliver gene into brain and improve the impression of exogenous gene in brain tissues. This review elaborates the problems and strategies of cationic polymers tansfering gene into brain by cationic polymers, and provides a reference for further study. METHODS: The literatures about cationic polymers were searched, and the progress of cationic polymers as gene carrier from several aspects were analyzed and summarized such as vector construction, ligands modification, efficient improvement and toxicity reduction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cationic polymer vector has the advantage of high drug-loading, but it has to overcome the limits of BBB, high cell toxicity, low transfection and low targeting. It can be improved by structure reconstruction, ligand modification, and so on. Cationic polymer is relatively safe and high efficient, so it is capable of providing efficient approach of gene delivery.

AlM:To compare the functional and cosmetic effects of two different surgical techniques for congenital ptosis.
METHODS: The patients were divided into four groups according to the operation method: Patients undertook bilateral fascial suspension surgery as Group A ( 42 eyes of 21 cases ); Patients undertook bilateral levator muscle shortening surgery as Group B ( 38 eyes of 19 cases );Patients undertook unilateral fascial suspension surgery as Group C ( 24 eyes of 24 cases ); Patients undertook unilateral levator muscle shortening surgery as Group D (29 eyes of 29 cases). Each group patients were followed for postoperative function and appearance effect.
RESULTS: 1 ) Early postoperative of two operation function success rate was up to 100%, the function of levator muscle shortening surgery was 97. 01% in the late postoperative, was higher than bilateral fascial suspension surgery (87. 88%), with statistical difference in both surgerys (P<0. 05). 2) Appearance effect of two kinds of operation method in early postoperative had no statistical difference (P >0. 05); ln the late postoperative, the mean grades for “Lid Contour” and “Lid Crease” of Group B were better than that of Group A (P<0. 01). While the mean grades for “Lid Contour”, “Symmetry of Lid Height” and “Lid Crease” of Group D were similarly better than that of Group C (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSlON: Two kinds of operation method have good effects on the treatment of congenital ptosis. ln terms of cosmetic effect, levator muscle shortening surgery is better.

Objective To set up a stable and reliable method used to identify and control the quality of Oviductas Ranae.Methods Using HPLC method to measure ten batches of Oviductas Ranae samples in order to establish the fingerprint.Chromatographic condition: Dimonsil C 18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m), the temperature of column is 25 ℃, mobile phase: acetonitrile-H2O (50∶50), analytical time 60 min. Results The HPLC fingerprints of acetone extracts were detected from ten different Oviductas Ranae medicinal materials.Conclusion Under the chromatographic condition, 17 common peaks of correlated position could be detected and used to definite the index peak of Oviductas Ranae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common cause of invasive disease,such as bacteremia,meningitis,and empyema,et al.But there has significant difference on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among different regions and differernt groups of people.In addition the severity and mortality of invasive pneumococcal disease are closely related to the changes of serotypes,virulence of streptococcus pneumoniae and also the human immune response.The pneumococcal vaccination is an important measure to prevent streptococcus pneumoniae infection,providing good protection to vaccinees and createing herd immunity effect.This article briefly describes the pathogenesis,risk factors and preventive strategies of invasive pneumococcal disease.

Objective To study the factors which influence persistence time of pathologic reflexes and the most sensitive locus that eliciting them.Methods106 patients with first pyramidal tract injured were elicited Babinski sign once a day.The time and locus of hand-motion of examiner,the time and angle of hallux-dorsiflexion,the muscle strength of the patients were recorded.Results and ConclusionThe lower the muscle strength be,the longer the hallux-dorsiflexion persist,the larger the angle of hallux-dorsiflexion be,the nearer the sensitive locus to heel.

Objective:To express secreted protein-pgp3 of Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct)plasmid,produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)and identify their basic biological characteristics.Methods: Construction pGEX-6p2-pgp3 prokaryotic expression vector,then expressed GST-pgp3 fusion protein in E.coli as antigen used to immune BALB/c mice, spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells.The hybridoma cell lines of screening mAbs were secreted by ELISA,and mAbs specificity,type,class and titer were identified.Results:GST-pgp3 fusion protein was successful expressed,5 strains stable hybridoma cell lines that secreted mAbs were screened out,including 4 strains secreted anti-pgp3 mAbs(P1B3,P2A1,P2B6,P2C2),mAbs type were IgG1/κ,the other strain secretion anti-GST mAbs(P3B4),mAbs type was IgG2b/κ.The titer of P1B3,P2A1,P2B6,P2C2,P3B4 were 1∶6 400,1∶3 200,1∶12 800,1∶6 400 and 1∶6 400 respectively.Conclusion:Successful prepared anti-pgp3 mAbs,and lay a foundation for further study the function of Ct plasmid protein pgp3 and the establishment of Ct detection method.

Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry ; surgery

Asthma is a common disease with recurrent onset which severely affects patients' quality of life.Acupuncture can improve pulmonary functions in asthma patients and thus treat this disorder.To summarize the status of acupuncture treatment for asthma,we have collected clinical literatures published in the recent 10 years and analyzed the influence of acupuncture on pulmonary functions in asthma patients from the aspects of frequently used points,needling techniques,manipulation and mechanisms to provide references for treating asthma with acupuncture.

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT associated with MRI in the localization of epileptogenic foci. Methods Sixty-seven patients with medically resistant epilepsy were included from 2003 to 2008. All underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI for presurgical evaluation as well as post-surgical evaluation 12 to 65 months after operation. Based on postoperative seizure occurrence, patients were divided into two groups. One group was free of seizures ( Engel classification Ⅰ, Group 1) and the other was with postoperative seizure occurrence of any type ( Engel classification Ⅱ-Ⅳ, Group 2). X2-test or Fisher's exact test was used for the statistical analysis. Results About 71.6% (48/67) patients were defined as group 1, and 19 patients were group 2 ( 11 were Engel Ⅱ , 5 were Engel Ⅲ, and 3 were Engel Ⅳ ). In Group 1, no statistically significant difference was found between concordant (45/63) and discordant findings (3/4) with regard to 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI images (Fisher's exact test, P ＞0.05). For 41 patients that showed focal abnormality both on MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT, 80.5% (33/41) were found in group 1. For 20 patients that showed focal lesions on MRI while with multi-focal or generalized abnormal metabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT, 11 (55.0%) were in group 1 and9 (45.0%) were group 2. There was no significant difference (33/41 vs 11/20, X2 =4.34, P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT associated with MRI may offer more helpful information for pre-surgical evaluation and prediction of prognosis of epileptic patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical,neuroradiologic characteristics and possible causes in 3 patients with combined developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM).Methods The clinical examination,magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1-weighted (T1 WI),T2-weighted (T2WI),susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) or T2 fast field echo (T2 FFE),contrast-enhanced MRI at 1.5 T field strength and digital substrate angiography were performed in 3 patients.Results Three patients presented with the seizure,vertigo,and dizziness respectively.MRI findings of reticulated “popcorn like” lesion with complete hemosiden rim showed typical sign of CCM.DSA,contrast-enhanced MRI and MRI-SWI revealed the caput medusae of the medullary veins and collected veins which was drained into subcortical and deep venous system,which indicated DVAs in 3 patients.The angulated medullary veins and collected veins in approaching distal zone of CCM were observed.Conclusion DVAs can be combined with CCM.The angulated medullary veins and collected veins combined with CCM in same territory reveals that the angioarchitectural factors is a key factor in pathogenesis of cavernous malformation.