Three Chinese adult brains were selected for the study of the histological struc-ture of the cerebral cortex of the Broca's area with a comparison between thecorresponding parts of both hemispheres.Nissl's staining,Weil's and Golgi's techniqueswere employed for the microscopic examination.The results are as follows:(1)The thickness of the cortex of the Broca area in the specimen stained byM?lligan's method is in the range of 3.5 mm to 5.0 mm.(2)The thickness measurements of the six layers in the thickest cortex are 0.17mm(Ⅰ),0.11 mm(Ⅱ),1.06 mm(Ⅲ～Ⅴ),1.52 mm(Ⅵ)and in total 2.86 mm inthe left hemisphere,and 0.15 mm(Ⅰ),0.10 mm(Ⅱ),0.87 mm(Ⅲ～Ⅴ),1.50 mm(Ⅵ),and in total 2.62 mm in the right hemisphere respectively.(3)The ratio of height/width of pyramidal cells in the second layer are 16.84?4.46 ?m/9.50?2.32 ?m in the left hemisphere and 15.60?4.56 ?m/8.88?2.03 ?min the right hemisphere respectively.(4)The ratio of the height/width of the pyramidal cells in the fifth layer are56.90?7.99 ?m/14.79?3.26 ?m in the left hemisphere and 49.80?9.08 ?m/14.67?7.88 ?m in the right hemisphere respectively.There is a very significant difference(P0.05)betweenthe widths of the pyramidal cells of the two hemispheres.(5)Within an area of 6400 ?m~2 of a section 10 ?m in thickness,in the firstmolecular layer,there are 13.0 cells in the left hemisphere and 11.7 cells in the righthemisphere respectively.(6)In this area all of the pyramidal cells are not exceeding 60 ?m in height,hence there is no Betz cells.In addition to the large population of pyramidal cells,there are cajal horizontal cell,Martinotti cells,fusiform cells,etc.

Objective To explore the correlation between the ultrasonographic parameters describing the tumor and proliferative activity, invasiveness of the rabbit renal VX 2 tumor. Methods Animal models were established in 56 rabbits,in which left kidneys were transplanted with VX 2 tumor. The second harmonic imaging and video-density quantitative determination were applied to observe the size, echo-intensity and edge echo-pattern of the rabbit renal VX 2 tumor. The findings were compared with those of histopathologic section and DNA analysis calculated with the flow cytometer. Results The number of tumor cell with higher proliferative index(PI) and ploidy cell rate(PCR) increased with the tumor size. The tumors of hyperecho and more blood flow with obvious necrosis tissue, fibrotic lesion and blood sinusoid got higher PI and PCR than the tumors of hypoecho and less blood flow, while there was no statistic significant correlation between the echoic patterns of the tumor edge and DNA analysis.Conclusions The ultrasonographic parameters describing the tumor, such as the size, echo-intensity and blood flow, can be used to evaluate the proliferative activity and invasiveness of the renal tumor.

Objective:To assess the relative stability and kinematics of the lumbar intervertebral segmental stiffness among posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) using one anatomical posterolateral cage with or without transpedicular screw rod fixation. Methods: Each of the 6 bovine lumbar functional spinal units(FSV) was tested under 6 different treatments. Test order was intact and every group differed in internal fixation of transpedicular screw. Group 1 referred to the normal lumbar functional spinal units. Group 2 was treated by left unilateral facetectomy and discoidectomy. Group 3 had anatomical threaded cages inserted on the left. Group 4 had anatomical threaded cages inserted on the left and fixed by right transpedicular screws. Group 5 had left inserted anatomical threaded cages and was fixed by left transpedicular screws. Group 6 had anatomical threaded cages inserted on the left side and was fixed by bilateral transpedicular screws. Nondestructive tests were performed in pure compression, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. Results: Unilateral discectomy and facetectomy had lower stiffness than normal FSU by 69% and 44% in pure compression, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. Single anatomical posterolateral cage group had higher stiffness than discectomy and facetectomy group, up by 55% and 28%. However, its stiffness was lower than normal FSU by 41% and 23%. Single anatomical cage with unilateral transpedicular screw fixation (left or right) had higher stiffness than normal FSU by 15% 17% and 20% 50% respectively. Single anatomical cage with transpedicular screw fixation was much stiffer than normal FSU by 18% and 65%. Conclusion: Adequate postoperative stability can be achieved by posterior lumbar interbody fusion with insertion of a single anatomical cage combined with a transpedicular screw.

Objective: To study the effect of dietary nucleotides on DNA damage of thymocytes in mice. Methods: KM mice (n=30) , 5-6 weeks, were randomized into 3 groups,negative group (group 1), positive group (group 2) and nucleotides group (group 3). Mice in group 1 and 2 were fed nucleotide-free diet and group 3 nucleotide-supplemented diet (0.25% nucleotides). Mice in group 2, 3 were given single cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg bw at day 21. DNA damage in thymus lymphocytes was evaluated 18 h after injection by single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. Thymus and spleen were weighed. Results: Dietary nucleotides had no effect on weights of thymus and spleen, but significantly decreased the number of damaged lymphocytes and the degree of damage. Conclusion: Dietary nucleotides may protect thymocytes DNA in mice from damage.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum of type Ⅲ collagen and arterial compliance in hypertensive patients.Methods One hundred fifty-eight in-patients of hypertension were enrolled.All subjects underwent laboratory measurements including serum PⅢNP,blood-lipid,glucose and high sensitivity C-reactive protein.Carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity(PWVcf),C1 and C2 were measured by a Complior Colson device and DO-2020.Results(1)PWVcf positively correlated with serum PⅢNP(P

Objective Radius of curvature (RC) and velocity vector imaging (VVI) were joined to evaluate the deformation and motion of interventricular septum(IVS). Methods VVI was performed in fifteen healthy volunteers and obtained dynamic images at chordae tendineae of mitral valve in short axis view. The images were stored and analyzed to obtain circumferential peak stain of IVS. In the same short axis view, the static images were captured at end-systole and end-diastole respectively before they were analyzed by self-made software. The length of arc and RC were measured automatically by the software, so the shortening rates of them could were calculated. Results The length of arc and RC were longer at end-diastole than those at end-systole(P<0.0001). The shortening rate of length of arc was compared with circumferential peak stain of IVS (P=0.123) and they were correlation (r = 0. 840, P = 0. 0001 ). Blant-Altman analysis indicated that the concordance was well. Conclusions The length of arc and RC can evaluate the deformation and motion of IVS.

Objective To assess the coronary flow reserve in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)by transthroracic echocardiography(TTE).Methods Coronary sinus blood flow of 24 SLE patients and 18 matched healthy controls were assessed by TTE.The coronary flow reserve was calculated as the ratio of hyperemic to baseline blood flow.Hyperemia was induced by intravenous administration of dipyridamole.Results Adequate recordings of blood flow in the coronary sinus under both conditions were obtained by TTE in all study subjects.Patients with SLE were found to have significantly decreased coronary flow reserve comparing with normal SUbiects(1.55±0.21 versus 2.51±0.33.P＜0.01).Conclusions Coronary flow reserve can be measured by TTE in SLE patients,Coronary flow reserve is impaired suggesting that SLE patients may have subclinical coronary artery disease.

Objective To reveal the exact mechanical principle of the respiration-driven variation of cardiac function by observing the effect of respiratory intrathoracic pressure change (RIPC) on the mechanical models using echocardiography.Methods Model 1 was designed to observe the influence of RIPC on systemic and pulmonary venous return systems (SVR and PVR) respectively.Model 2,as an equivalent mechanical model of septal swing,was used to study the influence of RIPC on the motion of the interventricular septum (IVS).Results Model 1 demonstrated that the simulated RIPC had totally different influences on the simulated SVR and PVR.It increased the volume of the simulated right ventricle when the internal pressure was kept constant (8.16 cm H2O),while it had the opposite effect on PVR.Model 2demonstrated that there was a corresponding relationship between RIPC and the position of the simulated IVS which might be called pressure-position relationship.Conclusions The different anatomical arrangement of the two venous return systems leads to a different effect of RIPC on right and left ventricles,and thus generates a pressure gradient across IVS that tends to shift IVS left-and right-wards with respiration.The swing of the IVS changes the short axis diameters of the ventricles,thus their fillings and then their functions reciprocally.

Objective: To find out the pathomechanism of low back and leg pain related to intervertebral disc. Methods: The nucleus pulposus of coccygeal vertebral was transplanted to the cavum epidurale of rats to establish the non-compressive model with transplanted nucleus pulposus. The evoke potentials and morphology of nerve roots were observed. Results: Even without mechanical compression, rats transplanted with nucleus pulposus resulted in significant harm to evoked potential and morphology of cauda equina. Conclusion: The biomechanical and/or immunologic inflammatory effect of nucleus pulposus can result in nerve roots injury and is an important factor in the pathogenesis of low back and leg pain.

Objective To investigated the value of intraoperative ultrasonography in guiding the surgical approach,improving the total resection rate of the tumor,and the survival time of patients who underwent resection of cerebral gliomas.Methods One hundred and ninteen patients with cerebral gliomas (pathologically confirmed) comprised the study groups.Patients who underwent intraoperative ultrasoundguided surgery were followed up for 6-60 months.In addition,randomly selected low and high grade cerebral glioma patients (all 30 cases of which were without intraoperative ultrasonography guidance) served as the control groups.Follow up included survival time,and the differences in survival time between the study groups and control groups were statistically analyzed.Results Complete follow-up data were obtained for 101 of 119 cases (84.9％) for a follow-up time of 6 60 months.Total removal of the lesion was achieved in 68 cases (67.3％) and subtotal removal in 33 cases (32.7 ％).Sixty-five cases had partial recurrence (64.4％) and 60 patients died due to tumor recurrence.Survival in patients with low grade gliomas (LGG) was significantly higher than that in patients with high grade gliomas (HGG).Patients with total tumor resection had a longer survival time than patients who had subtotal tumor resection.In the control LGG group,6-month survival was 96.7％,1-year survival was 73.3％,2-year survival was 53.3％,4-year survival was 36.7％ and 5-year survival was 26.7％.In the control HGG group,survival at 6 months,1 year,2 years,4 year and 5 years was 83.3％,36.7％,13.3％,3％,0 respectively.When comparing survival between the control groups and study groups,there was no significant difference at 6 months (P ＞0.05),but survival at 1 year,2 years,4 year and 5 years was different (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Intraoperative ultrasonography-guided resection of cerebral gliomas helps the surgeon to understand the relationship between the lesion and the surrounding structures,helps to protect normal brain tissue and increase the safety of surgery.It is of value in improving the total resection rate of tumors and the patient's survival time.