Objective To study the effects of calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP) and nerve growth factor(NGF) on the expression of(c-junmRNA) and protein in striate cortex of rats with transient global cerebral ischmia/reperfusion. Methods In situ hybridization,immunohistochemistry and microscope image analysis were used. Results The expression of c-jun mRNA in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) group was increased as compared with sham group(P

common TiO2 by the comparison of these catalysts. Conclusion Catalysed by ultrasonic wave, a series of TiO2 catalysts will show a significant effect of killing colibacillus.

Immunohistochemical study revealed the distributions of substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B and calcitonin gene related peptide immunoreactive nerve fibers in the medulla, cortex and capsule of tracheobronchial lymph nodes in 10 guinea pigs. More immunopositive fibers were found to be distributed in the area around the blood vessels and lymph sinuses, less in the area distant to blood vessels. The four kinds of positive immunoreactive nerve fibers were also seen within the wall of the blood vessels. The results provide some morphological basis for the study of neuroimmunomodulation.

Objective: Our purpose was to explore the protective role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM) on gentamicin (GM) ototoxicity. Methods: We used NADPH-diaphorase in histochemical staining and image quantitative analysis technique, combined with auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement to investigate the change of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in cochlea of guinea pig after the injection of GM and SM. Results: Gebtamicin and SM significantly reduced NOS activity in cochlear and the threshold of ABR compared with GM alone (P<0.01); and the threshold of ABR was in high correlation with NOS activity (rGM= －0.8236 ～ －0.8662; rSM+GM= －0.8628 ～ －0.9172, P<0.01). Conclusion: Salvia Miltiorrhiza can reduce NOS activity in cochlea, alleviate GM ototoxicity, and ameliorate hearing function.

The distribution of neurokinin B (NKB) in the lower respiratory tract of 16 guinea pigs was investigated using radioimmunoassay. As a result, it is noted that the concentration of NKB is the highest in the lung (43.83?4.37), moderate in the bronchus (36.12?5.36) and lowest in the trachea (26.44?3.73 pg/g wet tissue). NKB-immunoreactive fibers were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the following locations of the lower respiratory tract: 1. within and beneath the lining epithelium, smooth muscle layer and tunica adventitia of the trachea and bronchus; 2. in the smooth muscle layer of the bronchus in the lung; 3. in the alveolar septurn; 4. within smooth muscle layer and the border between smooth muscle and tunica adventitia of the blood vessels and around the blood vessels in the lung. It is also discussed that there may be a significance about the results for exploring the function of NKB and its relationship with some respiratory diseases.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of health financing at the provincial level according to the total health expenditure since China health system reform began in 2009 and provide evidence for improving health fi-nancing policy. Methods:20 provinces were chosen and vertical and horizontal Comparative approach was used to an-alyze the data. Results:Total health expenditure increased for all regions, of which the biggest rate was Anhui prov-ince, about 82. 97%, while the largest increasing for government health care expenditure was Ningxia province, a-bout 108 . 71%. In 2012 , the provinces with social health expenditure share of total above 40% were allocated in the east region, and the number of provinces with out-of pocket payment share of total above 40% reduces to 5. Conclu-sion:Total health expenditure grew in all regions, but there were differences in the degree that this spending matched the economic level;The financing structure was optimized, but the characteristic of regional financing was different. Some provinces were under huge pressure to reduce out-of pocket payments. Suggestions: Under the premise of im-proving the funding level, financing structure adjustment must be focused, and public funding should play a bigger role and out-of pocket payments should be reduced.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that craniocerebral injury can promote the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats, but its precise mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To further explore the action mechanism of craniocerebral injury on the repair of sciatic nerve injury using morphology and histology.
METHODS:Sixty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rats with craniocerebral injury and sciatic nerve injury were considered as the experimental group. Rats with simple sciatic nerve injury were considered as the control group. Classical Feeney method was used in models of craniocerebral injury and SunderlandV sciatic nerve injury. At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, sciatic nerve index was detected. Masson staining and NF200 immunofluorescence staining were used to observethe nerve regeneration atthe anstomotic site. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the number of regenerative axons.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, compared with the control group, gait and sciatic nerve index recovered better in the experimental group. In the experimental group, Masson staining showed fewer nerve membrane colagen fibers, and the axon arranged neatly.NF200 immunohistochemistry showed that in the experimental group, the density of regenerated nerves was high, and nerveswere regularly distributed. Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experimental group, regenerative axons were regularly arranged, colagen scar was less, and myelin layer arranged regularly. Results suggested that the craniocerebral injury in rats may promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury by reducing scar colagen in nerve endings.

BACKGROUND:Recovery of motor and sensory function from peripheral nerve injury is relatively slow and incomplete. It is a difficult problem for orthopedic surgeons that mainly leads to the decline in the quality of life in patients.
OBJECTIVE: To conclude the methods and corresponding outcomes in peripheral nerve regeneration by analyzing the new treatment means for peripheral nerve injury.
METHODS:PubMed, Wanfang, CNKI databases were retrieved for relevant articles using key words of “nerve injury, regeneration”, and then retrieval data were sorted and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In recent years, in-depth studies on peripheral nerve repair have been made in the folowing aspects: surgical mode, drug, cytokine, gene transfer and biomaterials as wel as traditional Chinese medicine. If the detect size is four times longer than the diameter of nerves, the nerve regeneration chamber can achieve good outcomes. The methods of restoring nerve continuity folowing nerve injury are developed from surgical anastomosis to photochemohistological method, thermal laser welding, plastic repair and other emerging technologies. Studies have found that plasminogen activator, nerve growth factor, neurotrophic factor, recombinant erythropoietin, human tissue kalikrein, B vitamins and their derivatives, herbal preparations, immunosuppressive agents al can promote nerve regeneration.

Objective To investigate the effect of antisense oligonucleofide(PCNA ASON)and vascuiar endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene traneduction on restenosis after balloon angiopasty.Memods chinese rabbits were randomly divided into control group(I),PCNA ASON(II),VEGF only (Ⅲ),PCNA ASON+VEGF(Ⅳ)groups.Each group included 7 rabbits.Restenosis wasevaluated by pathology immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting for the expression of PCNA,and the depth and area oftunica media and tunicca intima were measured. Results All rabbits experienced restenosis on different severities,especially in control group.Lesions were less severe in PCNA ASON and VEGF groups than in controls.The proliferation of smooth muscle and intima significantly ameliorated in PCNA ASON and VEGF combination group that in PCNA ASON or VEGF groups(P<0.01).But the difference between the PCNA ASON and VEGF group was not significant(P>0.7). Conclusion PCNA ASON and VEGF gene transductionn are effective in preventing restenosis after balloon angioplasty caused vessel injury in rabbits.