Objective To assess the efficiency of algae extermination by the combined copper electrolysis technology. Methods The combined copper electrolysis technology and copper sulphate were used to treat the Synechocystissp strain PCC6803 in the steady stage of culture in different time and the efficiency of algae extermination was assessed. Results No alga in the water sample was detected after 0.5 and 1 hour of treatment with copper electrolysis technology and copper sulphate respectivly as the concentration of Cu2+ was at 0.3 mg/L. The extermination rate of algae was 80.75% after 12 days of treatment of combined copper electrolysis. This technology could effectively decrease the turbidity, smell, COD, ammonia nitrogen and increase the dissolved oxygen in the treated water. Conclusion The Cu2+ released by copper electrolyzing has a stronger efficiency of algae extermination compared with copper sulfate. The combined copper electrolysis technology will be a satisfactory method for algae extermination in the landscape water.

Lectin from green marine algae Enteromorpha intestinalis (EIL) was isolated by extraction with PBS, followed by ammonium sulfate fraction and a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-52 fiber and gel filtration on SephadexG-200. Lectin showed single band on both PAGE and isoelectrofocusing electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was 8.9 and molecular weight was 17783 tested on SephadexG-200. EIL displayed some agglutination activities with Chlamydomonas and erythrocytes of rabbit, common carp, crucian carp and human (A, B, AB, O), but the maximum agglutination was with crucian carp. The hemagglutinating activity for rabbit erythrocyte could not be inhibited by D-fructose, D-galactose, glucose, sucrose, mannose, lactose, bovine-thyroglobulin, egg albumin and gamma-globulin. The hemagglutinating activity of lectin would be showed at pH 4.0~10.2, and more potent at pH 6.9~8.0. The hemagglutinating activity was not affected at 90℃ for 1h, so it could be said that the lectin had high heat resistance.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of procalcitonin (PCT),high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),white blood cell (WBC)and percentage of neutrocyte (NEU％)in Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacterial blood stream infection in early stage of sepsis in order to investigate the correlation between PCT and APACHE lⅡ score as well as between PCT and SOFA score,and the prognostic value in assessment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial blood stream infection.Methods Clinical data of patients admitted to ICU from January 2012 through December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 124 sepsis patients with blood stream infection were checked with PCT,hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％ tests,and APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were calculated.The differences in APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score were compared between Gram-negative group (n =41) and Gram-positive group (n =83).The correlation between PCT and APACHE Ⅱ score as well as between PCT and SOFA score was analyzed.The differences in diagnostic values of PCT,hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％ between Gram-negative group and Grampositive group were analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and it was plotted to assess the prognostic values of PCT,hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％ for septic patients with blood stream infection.Results Compared with Gram-positive group,the levels of PCT [.55.32 (22.01,97.11) vs.2.13 (0.27,5.27)] (P ＜0.01),hs-CRP [105.09 (69.97,186.12) vs.70.54 (42.37,138.63)] (P=0.508),NEU％ [88.30 (75.79,93.52) vs.55.32 (22.01,97.11)] (P=0.302) were higher but WBC was lower [13.59 (10.74,17.58) vs.13.73 (11.32,20.90)] (P=0.058) in Gram-negative group.The ROC curve analysis of PCT showed the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.867 (95％ CI:0.789-0.946).When the optimal cutoff point of PCT was 17.48 ng/mL,the largest Youden's index was found to be 0.661 with 76.9％ sensitivity and 89.2％ specificity.Between two groups,there were significant differences in APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score (27.46 ± 9.60 vs.23.67 ± 7.74,P =0.020;8.05 ±3.38 vs.6.59-±3.45,P =0.028).There was significant difference in diagnostic value between PCT and SOFA (r =0.536,P =0.036) in Gram-negative group but no significant difference in Gram-positive group.Conclusions Higher PCT levels are found in Gram-negative group and it can play a role in differntiation between the Gram-negative group and Gram-positive group rather than hs-CRP,WBC and NEU％.PCT can be a better indicator for evaluation of severity of sepsis as well as for prognosis of sepsis patients with Gram-negative bacterium infection.

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestation, cytogenetics, gene mutations and prognostic factors of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) . Methods: 16 CNL cases, according to WHO (2016) -definition, were reviewed retrospectively. Identifications of the CSF3R, ASXL1, SETBP1, CALR and MPL mutations were performed by direct sequencing. JAK2 V617F mutation was detected by AS-PCR. Results: Of the 16 CNL patients, the median age was 64 (43-80) years with a male predominance of 75% (12/16) . The median hemoglobin was 114 (81-154) g/L, with median WBC of 41.20 (26.05-167.70) (10⁹/L and median PLT of 238 (91-394) ×10⁹/L.The median level of marrow fibrosis (MF) was 1 (0-3) degree. There was no other cytogenetic abnormalities except t (1;7) (p32;q11) , +21 and 14ps+ for each. All the 16 CNL patients harbored CSF3R T618I mutation. ASXL1 mutations were identified in 81% (13/16) , while SETBP1 mutations were confirmed in 63% (10/16) . The CALR K385fs*47 mutation was found. There was no mutation in JAK2 V617F or MPL in the above 16 patients. The median overall survival (OS) of patients presented with WBC≥50×10⁹/L at diagnosis (11 months) was significantly shorter than of WBC<50×10⁹/L (39 months, P=0.005) . Conclusion CSF3R T618I mutation was specific for CNL. The median OS of CNL patients was 24 months, and WBC≥50×10⁹/L at diagnosis was an unfavorable prognostic factor.

Objective To observe the outcomes of seizure control by three different surgical approaches,hippocampal transection,anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy,for the treatment of intractable medial temporal epilepsy,and explore their influences in the impairments of cognitive and memorial functions.Methods Twenty-nine patients with intractable medial temporal epilepsy,admitted to our hospital from January 2012 to October 2015,were chosen in our study;8 patients accepted hippocampal transection,10 accepted anterior temporal lobectomy and 11 accepted selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy.Seizure controls after treatment with these 3 approaches were compared and results of neuropsychological examinations (verbal intelligence quotient [VIQ],performance intelligence quotient [PIQ],full intelligence quotient [FIQ] and memory quotient [MQ]) were compared before and after operation.Results The effective rates of seizure controls were all higher than 80％ and seizure free rate was about 60％ in the 3 groups;Engel grading showed no significant differences among the three groups (P＞0.05).Results of all the neuropsychological examinations in the hippocampal transection group before and after operation had no significant differences (P＞0.05);however,all results in the anterior temporal lobectomy group after operation were significantly declined as compared with those before operation (P＜0.05);and PIQ,FIQ and MQ scores in the selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy group after operation were significantly lower as compared with those before operation (P＜0.05).Conclusions Hippocampal transection will not cause significant damage in intelligence and memory functions.As compared with both anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy,hippocampal transection can have good seizure control and preserve memory function.

OBJECTIVETo raise awareness of molecular pathogenesis and treatment of congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA).

METHODSA complete blood count and iron metabolism were detected from the proband and other members of the family. Mutation analysis was performed on the complete coding regions of ALAS2 gene by common polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genomic DNA as a template from members the family. ALAS2 mutations were detected by direct sequencing and mutation types were confirmed by sequencing followed by plasmid cloning.

RESULTSThe proband male presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia (hemoglobin 84 g/L, mean corpuscular volume 64 fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 16.5 pg), and iron overload (serum iron 44.7 μmol/L, serum ferritin 3 123 μg/L and transferrin saturation 0.84). A mutation 466 A>G predicting a Lys156Glu amino acid change was identified in the proband and 3 females from the family. The proband was hemizygous for this mutation and presented with microcytic anemia and iron overload, while all 3 heterozygous females showed marginally increased red cell distribution width without any other symptoms. The proband treated with 300 mg of pyridoxine per day and iron chelation therapy with deferoxamine for one year had durable hematopoietic patients improvements, including increase in hemoglobin to 98 g/L and decrease in serum ferritin to 1 580 μg/L.

CONCLUSIONThis was a novel K156E substitution in ALAS2 gene identified in a 3-generation pedigree in China. Our findings emphasized the importance of gene based diagnosis of CSA, and CSA patient with ALAS2 mutation responded to pyridoxine treatment.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase ; genetics ; Adult ; Anemia, Sideroblastic ; genetics ; China ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked ; genetics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVE：To in vestigate the effects of dexmedetomidine （Dex）on SIRT 1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in cerebral injury of sepsis model rats ，and explore the mechanism of its protecitve effect on cerebral injury. METHODS ： A total of 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （Sham group ），sepsis group （CLP group ），CLP+Dex group（10 μg/kg Dex），CLP+Dex+Sirtinol group （10 μg/kg Dex+2 μL/100 g SIRT 1 inhibitor sirtinol ），with 20 mice in each group. Two hours before modeling ，CLP+Dex+Sirtinol group was injected with sirtinol via lateral ventricle. Sepsis model was induced by cecal ligation and perforation in each group （in sham group ，only operation was performed but no ligation was performed）. At 0，3，6 h after modeling ，CLP+Dex group and CLP+Dex+Sirtinol group were given Dex （10 μg/kg） intraperitoneally，Sham group and CLP group were given constant volume of normal saline intraperitoneally. Cerebral tissue water content，Evans blue （EB）content，apoptosis in cerebral cortex ，the levels of IL- 1β and TNF-α in cerebral tissue as well as the protein expression of SIRT 1，p-Akt，p-GSK3β and β-catenin in hippocampus were detected 24 h after last medication. RESULTS ： Compared with Sham group ，cerebral tissue water content ，EB content ，the number of apoptotic cells in cerebral cortex as well as the levels of IL- 1β and TNF-α in cerebral tissue were increased significantly（P＜0.05），while the protein expression of SIRT 1， p-Akt，p-GSK3β and β-catenin in hippocampus were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with CLP group ，cerebral tissue water content ，EB content ，the number of apoptotic cells in cerebral cortex as well as the levels of IL- 1β and TNF-α in cerebral tissue were decreased significantly in CLP+Dex group （P＜0.05），while the protein expression of SIRT 1，p-Akt，p-GSK3β and β-catenin in hippocampus were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Sirtinol could significantly reverse the above-mentioned cerebral protection and factor regulation effects of Dex （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Dex can protect the cerebral tissue of sepsis model rats，which may play an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role by activating SIRT 1/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway ，so as to reduce cerebral edema ，protect blood-brain barrier and reduce cerebral injury.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the active fractions of Tongfeng granules on rats with arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. Methods 56 SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, blank group, model group, total flavonoids group, total organic acid group, total alkaloid group, Tongfeng granule group and positive control group. Except for the blank group, the remaining 6 groups established joints pathological model of inflammation. 15 days after the successful modeling, intragastric drug administration was continued for 30 days. The swelling of ankle joint, WBC, N%, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and the histopathology of joint were measured. Results Comparing with the model group, each effective fraction group of Tongfeng granules, Gout granules and positive control group decreased the ankle joint swelling rate significantly (P<0.01) and reduced fibrous tissue proliferation. There was no significant difference in WBC and N% of neutrophils. They significantly reduce the level of serum IL-6 and TNF-α, and increase the level of IL-10 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion This study clarifies the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of active fractions of Tongfeng granules and provides a basis for further clinical medication and preparation development.

OBJECTIVETo observe the CSF3R, ASXL1, SETBP1, JAK2 V617F and CALR mutations in patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL).

METHODSTwelve suspected "CNL" patients were retrospectively reviewed according the WHO criteria (2008). CSF3R,ASXL1,SETBP1 and CALR mutations were sequenced, and JAK2 V617F was tested by allele specific (AS)-PCR.

RESULTS6 of 12 cases were diagnosed as CML, and all of the 6 carried. 4 of 6 patients also had ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations and one had a CALR mutation (c.1154-1155insTTGTC). Two patients with monoclonal gammopathy with uncertain significance (MGUS) combined with CNL-like symptoms had no CSF3R, ASXL1, SETBP1, JAK2 V617F or CALR mutation. The same results were also seen in other 4 cases with secondary neutrophilic leukocytosis.

CONCLUSIONCSF3R, ASXL1 and SETBP1 mutations differential diagnosis of CNL, and should be included in the diagnostic protocol so as to improve diagnostic accuracy for CNL.

Carrier Proteins ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Repressor Proteins ; Retrospective Studies