Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of propofol on anoxia / reoxygenation injury to primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Methods Newborn (

Objective To investigate the protective effects of pharmacological preconditioning with diazoxide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, against anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury to primarily cultured hippocampal neurons of newborn Wistar rats and the mechanism involved and the effects of diazoxide preconditioning on A/R-induced neuronal apoptosis. Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons prepared by enzymatic digestion of hippocampus isolated from newborn (

Objective To investigate the effect of artifictal circadian rhythm of melatonin on the postoperative cellular immune function in patients undergoing gynecological operation Methods Eighteen ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 25-50 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,scheduled for elective gynecological operation,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each):control group (group C),placebo control group (group P) and melatonin group (group M).In group M.melatonin 6 mg was given orally at 10 min before lights-out (21:00) on 1 day before operation,on the day of operation and on 1 day after operation,while placebo was given orally instead of melatonin in group P.The operation was performed under epidural anesthesia.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with ropivacaine was used for postoperative analgesia.VAS score was maintained ＜ 5.Blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein at 1 day before operation (baseline),the end of operation and 1 day after operation to measure CD4+,CD8+ and CD3+ cell count by flow cytometry.The ratio of the number of CD4+ cells to the number of CD8+ cells was calculated.Results There were no significant differences in the number of CD4+,CD8+ and CD3 + cells and ratio of the number of CD4 + cells to the number of CD8 + cells between groups C,P and M (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Artificial circadian rhythm of melatonin exerts no influence on the postoperative cellular immune function in patients undergoing gynecological operation.

Objective: To investigate perioperative changes of gastrointramucosal pH (pHi) in major operative patients. Method: Six patients underwent major abdominopelvie operation with radial artery and internal jugular vein catheters, and nasogastric tonometries in place. The phi and hemodynamic, oxygen, and metabolic variables were measured simutaneously before anesthesia, 30 minutes after anesthetic induction, during intraoperation, at the end of operation, and the first 24 hours postoperatively. Result: There was significant decrease in mean pHi(P

0.05). Conclusion:The effect of intravenous vecuronium made in Xianju Pharmaceutical Co. for neuromuscular blockade is definite and safe.

0.05). Lornoxicam caused less side effects than morphine (10.2% vs 17.9%) Conclusions The study suggests that lornoxicam provide an alternative to morphine for the treatment of postoperative pain.

Objective To study the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and evaluate the effect of propofol on IL-6 induced inhibition of neutrophils apoptosis. Methods Neutrophils were isolated from 20 healthy volunteers( 20-55 yr) and incubated in RPMI1640 cell culture medium . Neutrophils from each volunteer were divided into 6 parts and incubated with NS (group Ⅰ -control), IL-6(group Ⅱ), propofol( group Ⅲ), intralipid (the lipid vehicle of propofol-group Ⅳ ), IL-6 + propofol(group Ⅴ), IL-6 + intralipid(group Ⅵ ) respectively. After 24 h of incubation, neutrophils were stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide and observed under fluorescence microscope. Apoptosis index was calculated.Results IL-6 inhibited neutrophil apoptosis (IL-6 35.80 ?8.59 vs control 52.00?10.60, P

Objective To investigate the changes in plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10, pHi and the difference between tissue and arterial PCO2 [(P(t-a)CO2 ] during pulmonary surgery and the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on cytokine production and gut mucosal perfusion. Methods Twenty ASA class Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients undergoing elective pulmonary surgery, were randomly assigned to be operated upon under general anesthesia (group GA , n = 10) or under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia (group GEA, n - 10) . Premedication in both groups consisted of pethidine 50mg and scopolamine 0.3 mg im 30 min prior to surgery and oral ranitidine 150 mg the night and 1 h before operation. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 ug?kg-1 , droperidol 1 mg, propofol 1.5-2.5 mg?kg-1 and succinylcholine 1-2 mg?kg-1 and maintained with inhalation of 1%-2.5% isoflurane and 50% N2O in oxygen and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. In GEA group epidural catheter was inserted through the needl placed at T7-8 or T8-9 and advanced cephalad for 2.5-3.0 cm. A loading dose of morphine 2 mg was given followed by epidural infusion of 0.4% ropivacaine at a rate of 6 ml?h-1 during maintenance of anesthesia and the concentration of isoflurance inhaled was reduced to 0.6%-1. 5% . Postoperative analgesia was provided by epidural infusion of 0.25% ropivacaine at 6-8 ml/2h until the morning of the 3rd postoperative day. Blood samples were taken before induction, at incision and 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after the incision and on the 1st and the morning of the 3rd postoperative day for determination of IL-6 ( by radioimmunoassay) and IL-10 (ELISA) . P(t-a)CO2 and pHi were assessed by tonometry before induction, at incision and 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after the incision. Results (1) IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly during operation as compared with the baseline value before induction in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. (2) pHi decreased significantly during operation in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. pHi was negatively correlated with IL-6. (3) P(t-a)CO2 increased significantly during operation in both groups and was negatively correlated with pHi. P(t-a)CO2 was significantly higher in GA group than that in GEA group at 4h after skin incision. Conclusion Pulmonary surgery elicits both pro- and and-inflammatory cytokine response which is not affected by thoracic epidural analgesia. Thoracic surgery leads to gut mucosal hypoperfusion of which P(t-a)CO2 is an indicator. Thoracic epidural anesthesia can improve gut mucosal perfusion. There may be some correlation between cytokine production and gut mucosal hypoperfusion.

Objective In a randomized double blind study, we have compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of PCA with buprenorphine and PCA with morphine after abdominal hysterectomy. Methods One hundred and fifty-four patients aged 25-55 yr undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were included in this study. Patients with severe cardiac, cerebral, hepatic and renal disease and those who had recently taken monoamine oxidase inhibitor were excluded. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.5-2.0 mg?kg-1 and intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 1.5 mg?kg-1 or vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 . Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of l%-2% isoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen supplemented with intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium 1-2 mg, fentanyl 2?g?kg-1 and droperidol 1-2 mg. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1 buprenorphine group (B, n = 77 ) and 2 morphine group (M, n = 77) . In group B, patients received PCA with buprenorphine (bolus dose 0.03 mg, lockout interval 14 min, 24 h dose limit 1.2 mg); in group M patients received PCA with morphine (bolus dose 1 mg, lockout interval 5 min, 24 h dose limit 40 mg). Intensity of pain was assessed using VAS with 0 representing no pain and 10 representing the worst pain. Pain intensity difference before and after PCA and pain relief (PAR) (0 = not relieved, 4 = completely relieved) , patient satisfaction and adverse effects were recorded. Results The two groups were comparable with regard to age, body weight, duration of operation, the time when postoperative pain started and PCA was commenced, and the intensity of postoperative pain. There was no significant difference in pain intensity before and after PCA and PAR between the two groups. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in group B than in group M ( P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of China-made remifentanil in a randomized, controlled and double-blinded multi-center clinical study. Methods Two hundred and one patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group received intravenous fentanyl and study group received intravenous remifentanil. In both groups anesthesia was induced with propofol 1-2 mg ?kg-1 and fentanyl 2.5?g/kg or remifentanil 2 ?g/kg. Intubation was facilitated with succinylcholine 1.0-1.5 mg?kg-1. The patients were mechanically ventilated(VT 8-10 ml?kg-1 , RR 10 bpm) . Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl at 0.03 ?g?kg-1?min-1 or 0.2?g?kg-1?min-1 supplemented with 66% N2O and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The efficacy variables recorded were the changes in blood pressure(BP) and heart rate(HR) during surgical stimulation and the quality of anesthesia. The safety variables included BP and HR, the doses of ephedrine, atropine, urapidil and naloxone required during surgery, the volume of intraoperative blood loss, changes in EGG, and the pre- and post-operative liver and kidney function, extubation time, emergence time (opening eyes when the patient's name is being called), end-tidal CO2 before extubation, admission to PACU or ICU, and the unexpected events in postoperative period. Results The anesthetic efficacy of remifentanil was similar to that of fentanyl with better analgesic effect . Remifentanil wore off faster in comparable doses. Conclusion China-made remifentanil is a good and safe anesthetic with better analgesic effect.