Objective To investigate the correlation between macular structural changes and functional outcomes in idiopathic macular epiretinal membranes (IMEM).Methods Clinical data of 85 patients with monocular IMEM admitted from April 2013 to April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The diseased eyes(85 eyes)were studied as observation group and the normal eyes (85 eyes)served as control group.The results of routine eye examinations,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) were compared between observation and control groups.Results The preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in observation group was lower than that in control group (0.55-± 0.17 vs.0.92 ± 0.14,P ＜ 0.05);the eyes with BCVA ＜ 0.1 in observation group were more than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).The central retinal thickness (CRT) of observation group was higher than that of control group[(322.1 ±54.3) μm vs.(210.3 ±47.5) μm,t =14.29,P ＜0.05].The average response density of N1 wave and P1 wave in observation group were (36.7 ± 19.7) and (95.2 ±24.0) nV/ deg2,which were lower than those in control group [(42.9 ± 16.3) and (134.8 ± 20.1) nV/deg2;t =-2.23 and-11.66,respectively,P ＜0.05].The latent period of N1 wave and P1 wave in observation group were (22.0 ±4.1) and (39.5 ± 4.7) ms,which were lower than those in control group [(18.7 ± 3.0) and (38.0 ± 3.2) ms;t =5.99 and 2.43,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].The CRT in observation group was not correlated with average response density of macular center N1,P1 wave and latent period (r =-0.23,-0.35,0.06,-0.04,all P ＞ 0.05).BCVA in observation group was negatively correlated with CRT(r =-2.16,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The central retinal thickness is negatively correlated with the best corrected visual acuity,but not correlated with center mfERG in patients with IMEM.

BACKGROUND: Multidrug resistance (MDR) makes the treatment of tumor more difficult. Many factors contribute to the happening of MDR. The combination of two or more kinds of reverse reagent at the same time may be more effective to MDR.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reversal effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion on MDR of human leukemia cell line (K562) and ADM resistant cell line (K562/ADM) cell line and the mechanism of it.DESIGN: An observational controlled experiment.SETTING: First Affiliated Hospital's Central Laboratory of Jilin University.MATERIALS: K562 and K562/ADM (Tianjin Blood Research Institute of CAS). Tanshinone and Tanshinone Microemulsion (Pharmaceutical College of Jilin University). ADM(Pfizer pharmaceutical corp). P-gp-PE fluorescent antibody and Bcl-2-FITC fluorescent antibody (Immunotech Biotech corp).DMSO(Beijing Chemical Plant).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of First Hospital ffiliated to Jilin University from March 2003 to January 2004. ① K562 was cultured in liquid medium(RMPI1640) which contains 100 g/L calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and streptomycin. The culture tank's environment was kept at 37 ℃, with saturated humidity and 5%CO2. K562/ADM was cultured in the same environment as above, but ADM was added to the RMPI1640. ② The reverse effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion (Tanshinone and Microemulsion as control) on K562/ADM cells' MDR is observed. ③Tanshinone Microemulsion,Tanshinone and Microemulsion's MDR reverse fold to K562 cell line was detected by the method of MTT. ④ ADM of different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 60 mg/L)were added to grouped cells of exponential proliferation period. The intracellular drug concentration was observed by detecting fluorescent density.⑤ Expression rate of P-gp, Bcl-2 and apoptosis ratio of K562 and K562/ADM added with Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion cell line were observed by the method of Flow Cytometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion's MDR reverse fold to K562 cell line. ②Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion's effect to K562 cell's intracellular contration.③Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion's influence to K562 cell's expression rate of P-gp, Bcl-2 and apoptosis ratio.RESULTS: ①Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion could decrease the MDR of the K562/ADM. The effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion were significantly higher than Tanshinone and Microemulsion(P ＜ 0.05 ).②The intracellular concentration of ADM can be improved by Tanshinone Microemulsion, Microemulsion and Tanshinone. The ADM's concentration of K562/ADM treated by Tanshinone Microemulsion is highest and the difference is significant(P＜ 0.05). ③Tanshinone Microemulsion, Tanshinone and Microemulsion could reduce the expression level of P-gp and Bcl-2 in K562/ADM, and increase the apoptosis percentage of tumor cell. Tanshinone Microemulsion has the most significant effect on it,andincreases the apoptosis percentage of tumor cell with ADM (P ＜ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Tanshinone Microemulsion (0.5 mg/L) can increase the intracellular concentration of ADM, which is consist with the conclusion of down regulation of the expressions of P-gp and Bcl-2. Reversal effect of Tanshinone Microemulsion is more effective than that of Tanshinone and Microemulsion.

To establish a model of experimental retinal detachment and reattachment, extracapsular lens extraction and vitrectomy were performed in 78 adult cats. After three weeks, a glass micropipette with a flat tip (diameter 150～200?m) was inserted between the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) monolayer. Retinal detachments were produced by subretinal injection of 0.25% solution of Healon through this micropipette. Twenty～four hours later, detached retinas were reattached by air-fluid exchange and subretinal fluid drainage with a glass micropipette. Then 30% perfluoropropane (C 3F 8) gas temponade was porfomed. Retinal detachment was successfully made in 93.6%(73/78), and 97.1%(33/34)of the detached retinas were successfully reattached. By light microscopy, histologic sections showed that seperated retina located between RPE cells and photoreceptors, and neural retina contacted to RPE cells closely in reattached retinas. In conclusion, by using micropuncture, we have established an animal model of retinal detachment and reattachment with minimum injury to the retina, and a high rate of retinal detachment and reattachment were obtained.

Objective To investigate the occurrence, progress and conversion of hypotony in anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (aPVR), and to provide knowledge about how to prevent and treat it. Methods Animal models of chronic hypotony by aPVR were made with cultured homologous dermal fibroblasts on pigmented rabbits. The intraocular pressure (IOP) and ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) examination were taken preoperatively and on days 7,14, 28 and 56 postoperatively. Rabbits were killed on days 14, 28 or 56 postoperatively, prepared for histology and ultrastructure examination. Results The average IOP of experimental group was lower than that of control group on days 7,14,28 and 56 significantly (P

To study proliferation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after experimental retinal detachment, an antibody that recognizes the specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in proliferating cells was used. Retinal detachment was produced in cats by subretinal injection of 0 25% solution of Healon through a micropipette. At different intervals the animals were sacrificed and eye globes were fixed in 10% at malin and embeded in paraffin. Histologic sections were processed for immunohistochemisty using an antibody to detect the PCNA protein. Labeled RPE cells were identified, and the proliferative response was quantified. In the retina detached at 0 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 20, 30, and 60 days, the number of PCNA labled cells was 0 055, 0 444, 0 861, 1 972, 3 139, 5 833, 6 028, 4 917, 3 333, 2 195, 1 083, 0 195, and 0 056 cells per millimeter of retina, respectively. In non detached retina of the same eye, approximately from 0 to 0 639 cells per millimeter of retina were labeled. The difference of PCNA labeled cells between detached and non detached retina of the same eye was significant. These results indicate that RPE cells are induced to proliferate when they lose contact with neural retina.

Objective To study the dynamics of aqueous humor in chronic hypotony induced by traumatic anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (aPVR), and to demonstrate physiologic mechanisms of the hypotony. Methods A model of hypotony to simulate traumatic aPVR was reproduced in rabbits. Preoperatively and on day 7, 14, 28 and 56 postoperatively, the aqueous humor flow rate and the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor were determined. Results The flow rate of aqueous humor in experimental group was reduced remarkably compared with that of control group on days 14, 28 and 56 (P

Objective To study the occurrence, development and outcome of hypotony following traumatic anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (aPVR), so as to provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment. Methods An animal model of chronic hypotony following traumatic aPVR was reproduced in rabbits. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before the experiment and on days 7, 14, 28 and 56 after the injury. Rabbits were killed on days 14, 28 and 56 after the experiment, prepared for pathological and ultrastructure examination. Results The average IOP of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group on days 7, 14, 28 and 56 (p

Objective In recent years,as people have attached importance to the application of regional chemotherapy in the surgery of advanced gastric cancer,the research of fluorouracil sustained release implant,a regional chemotherapeutic drug,is on the increase.Fluorouracil sustained release implant is a new anti-carcinogen combined with fluorouracil,a conventional chemotherapeutic drug,through polymeric scaffolds and rete technology.It can be implanted into cancerous lesion area,as its slow-releasing potential and targeting property will give full play to the antitumor effect of fluorouracil,which can decrease the rate of local recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer and prolong the life span of the patients.Based on the study of the researches on fluorouracil sustained release implant,a summary was made from different perspectives: basic medicine,pharmacy and clinical medicine.It may have reference value for clinical application and further study.

Thirty-two patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures(Neer Ⅲ or Ⅳ) were admitted to Department of Orthopedics,First Hospital of Jilin University from March 2001 to April 2006.The patients consisted of 19 males and 13 females,aged 19-70 years,including 15 of 19-49 years and 17 of 50-70 years.All patients underwent treatment of cloverleaf plate-screw fixation.During the follow-up for 8 months,union time and scores from Constant & Murley functional scale were similar between male and female groups.Compared with patients aged 50 years,and the scores from Constant & Murley functional scale were significantly lower(P 50 years old is relatively longer with unfavorable functional recovery in the shoulder joint.

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of systemic administration of high dose urokinase for acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). 6 patients who had unilateral CRAO with symptoms lasting 6 hours to six days' (average, 3 7 days) received intravenous urokinase, 500,000U / day, with a total dose of 2,500,000U. Each urokinase delivery was followed by in travenous low molecular weight Dextran, 500ml / day, and Ginaton 87 5 mg / day, for 10 days. The treatment also included anterior chamber paracentesis, ocular massage, oral acetazolamide, sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, and inhalation of carbogen ( 95% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide ). Visual acuity and ocular findings were recorded before and after treatment. Duration of follow up ranged from 4 to 12 months. After first intravaneous urokinase, visual acuity was slightly improved in five of the 6 patients, and no change in one patient. All 6 patients showed markedly improved vision at discharge, with vision better than 0 05. At the final visit, visual acuity reached 0 1 in all the 6 patients, and in four patients visual acuity was improved to 0 2 or better, two patients had vision recovered even to 1 2 and 1 5, respectively. During treatment no serious complications were noticed. These results indicate that systemic treatment for acute central retinal artery occlusion with high dose urokinase could help reestablish retinal circulation and improve vision.