Purpose: Identifying comprehensively the evidence of neuroprotective effects of memantine for preserving cognitive function in brain metastasis patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of memantine to preserve cognitive function in patients with brain metastasis treated with WBRT, performed in some databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023476632). We reported the selection process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. The studies were appraised by using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: We included three RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. No high risk of bias was found. Two articles compared WBRT + memantine to WBRT + placebo, and the other one compared hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT + memantine to WBRT + memantine. There was no significant difference in characteristics among groups of treatment arms. The differences in cognitive function deterioration between treatment arms began to appear four months after initiated the treatment. The risk of cognitive failure was lower in patients receiving memantine compared to placebo. Moreover, combining HA-WBRT + memantine lowered the cognitive failure compared to standard WBRT + memantine. No article stated significant difference in quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes in patients receiving memantine. Conclusion Although the evidence was still limited, memantine was reported to have the potential to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain metastasis receiving WBRT. However, there was no evidence revealing the benefit of memantine for enhancing QoL and prolonging survival.

Purpose: Identifying comprehensively the evidence of neuroprotective effects of memantine for preserving cognitive function in brain metastasis patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of memantine to preserve cognitive function in patients with brain metastasis treated with WBRT, performed in some databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023476632). We reported the selection process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. The studies were appraised by using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: We included three RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. No high risk of bias was found. Two articles compared WBRT + memantine to WBRT + placebo, and the other one compared hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT + memantine to WBRT + memantine. There was no significant difference in characteristics among groups of treatment arms. The differences in cognitive function deterioration between treatment arms began to appear four months after initiated the treatment. The risk of cognitive failure was lower in patients receiving memantine compared to placebo. Moreover, combining HA-WBRT + memantine lowered the cognitive failure compared to standard WBRT + memantine. No article stated significant difference in quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes in patients receiving memantine. Conclusion Although the evidence was still limited, memantine was reported to have the potential to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain metastasis receiving WBRT. However, there was no evidence revealing the benefit of memantine for enhancing QoL and prolonging survival.

Purpose: Identifying comprehensively the evidence of neuroprotective effects of memantine for preserving cognitive function in brain metastasis patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of memantine to preserve cognitive function in patients with brain metastasis treated with WBRT, performed in some databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023476632). We reported the selection process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. The studies were appraised by using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: We included three RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. No high risk of bias was found. Two articles compared WBRT + memantine to WBRT + placebo, and the other one compared hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT + memantine to WBRT + memantine. There was no significant difference in characteristics among groups of treatment arms. The differences in cognitive function deterioration between treatment arms began to appear four months after initiated the treatment. The risk of cognitive failure was lower in patients receiving memantine compared to placebo. Moreover, combining HA-WBRT + memantine lowered the cognitive failure compared to standard WBRT + memantine. No article stated significant difference in quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes in patients receiving memantine. Conclusion Although the evidence was still limited, memantine was reported to have the potential to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain metastasis receiving WBRT. However, there was no evidence revealing the benefit of memantine for enhancing QoL and prolonging survival.

Purpose: Identifying comprehensively the evidence of neuroprotective effects of memantine for preserving cognitive function in brain metastasis patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of memantine to preserve cognitive function in patients with brain metastasis treated with WBRT, performed in some databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023476632). We reported the selection process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. The studies were appraised by using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: We included three RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. No high risk of bias was found. Two articles compared WBRT + memantine to WBRT + placebo, and the other one compared hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT + memantine to WBRT + memantine. There was no significant difference in characteristics among groups of treatment arms. The differences in cognitive function deterioration between treatment arms began to appear four months after initiated the treatment. The risk of cognitive failure was lower in patients receiving memantine compared to placebo. Moreover, combining HA-WBRT + memantine lowered the cognitive failure compared to standard WBRT + memantine. No article stated significant difference in quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes in patients receiving memantine. Conclusion Although the evidence was still limited, memantine was reported to have the potential to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain metastasis receiving WBRT. However, there was no evidence revealing the benefit of memantine for enhancing QoL and prolonging survival.

Purpose: Identifying comprehensively the evidence of neuroprotective effects of memantine for preserving cognitive function in brain metastasis patients receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) analyzing the effects of memantine to preserve cognitive function in patients with brain metastasis treated with WBRT, performed in some databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023476632). We reported the selection process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guideline. The studies were appraised by using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results: We included three RCTs that met the eligibility criteria. No high risk of bias was found. Two articles compared WBRT + memantine to WBRT + placebo, and the other one compared hippocampal avoidance (HA)-WBRT + memantine to WBRT + memantine. There was no significant difference in characteristics among groups of treatment arms. The differences in cognitive function deterioration between treatment arms began to appear four months after initiated the treatment. The risk of cognitive failure was lower in patients receiving memantine compared to placebo. Moreover, combining HA-WBRT + memantine lowered the cognitive failure compared to standard WBRT + memantine. No article stated significant difference in quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes in patients receiving memantine. Conclusion Although the evidence was still limited, memantine was reported to have the potential to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain metastasis receiving WBRT. However, there was no evidence revealing the benefit of memantine for enhancing QoL and prolonging survival.

Prostate adenocarcinoma accounts for majority of prostate cancer cases, and it was found to be highly radioresistant. Gallic acid is a phenolic acid naturally occurring in many plants, reported to exhibit biological activities in eliminating cancer cell lines and xenografts. The purpose of this study is to review gallic acid as a potential radiosensitizer agent in prostate cancer treatment. Article search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus. 11 studies using different cell lines including DU145, PC-3, LNCaP, and 22Rv1 xenograft of human prostate cancer were reviewed in this paper. Gallic acid acts as a radiosensitizer mainly by increasing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation resulting in apoptosis, while also reducing intracellular CDKs, cyclins, and cdc25 phosphatases ultimately causing G2-M cell cycle arrest. Gallic acid has a potential to be a new radiosensitizer compound in prostate cancer treatment. Additional clinical studies using gallic acid derivatives with lower hydrophilicity are needed.