In recent years, the incidence of stroke increased year by year and the research on post-stroke epilepsy (PSD) is also increasing.In addition to the type, location, and severity of stroke, the occurrence of PSD is also associated with small vessel disease and genetic factors;however, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not very clear.This article reviews the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of PSD.

One hundred sixty-three cases with a mean age of 58 years (range 21 to 87) underwent nephron sparing surgery due to suspected renal tumors.Mean tumor size was 2.8 cm (range 1.0 to 4.0 cm).Frozen section analysis was routinely performed during surgery,positive tumor margins in frozen section analysis were found in 5 cases (3.1%),and immediate radical nephrectomy was followed.Among 158 cases,in which frozen section analysis showed negative margins,paraffin sections disclosed positive tumor margins in 6 cases (3.8%).Our results suggest that frozen section analysis during nephron sparing surgery has limited clinical significance and hence routine incorporation in urological practice should be reconsidered.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and poisoning severity score (PSS) in the clinical prognosis of patients with wasp sting.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. The clinical data of patients who were stung by wasps admitted to emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from July 2017 to November 2019 were collected. The 24-hour acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ), CK-MB and PSS scores of the patients were collected after admission, and 28-day outcome was recorded. Spearman correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between CK-MB and PSS score. Logistic regression model was used to construct joint predictors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of various indicators for 28-day prognosis of patients with wasp stings.Results:Finally 90 patients were included in the analysis. There were 67 patients survived at 28 days, and 23 dead with the 28-day mortality of 25.6%. APACHEⅡ score, CK-MB and PSS score in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group [APACHEⅡscore: 19.7±2.7 vs. 13.7±2.3, CK-MB (U/L): 183 (151, 243) vs. 36 (21, 75), PSS score: 17.7±2.6 vs. 9.3±4.5, all P < 0.01]. The correlation analysis showed that CK-MB and PSS score were positively correlated ( r = 0.843, P < 0.01). Logistic regression model fitted CK-MB and PSS score, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the model fitted well. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of CK-MB for predicting 28-day outcome was 0.957, the sensitivity was 91.3%, and the specificity was 88.1%; the AUC of PSS score was 0.908, the sensitivity was 91.3%, and the specificity was 90.8%. The AUC of CK-MB combined with PSS score was 0.964, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 79.4%, indicating that CK-MB combined with PSS score had higher predictive value and higher sensitivity for 28-day prognosis of patients with wasp sting. Conclusions:High CK-MB level and high PSS score in early stage of wasp sting injury indicate poor prognosis. Both CK-MB and PSS score can be used as predictors for predicting the prognosis of patients with wasp stings. In addition, CK-MB combined with PSS score have greater predictive value .

Objective To evaluate the effect of pretransplant iron overload on the clinical efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Methods Clinical data of 80 SAA recipients who underwent allo-HSCT for the first time were retrospectively analyzed. According to the incidence of iron overload, all recipients were divided into the iron overload group (n=20) and non-iron overload group (n=60). The engraftment rate, incidence of postoperative complications and clinical prognosis of the recipients afterallo-HSCT were statistically compared between two groups. The influencing factors of 2-year overall survival (OS) and 180 d transplantation related mortality (TRM) were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The engraftment rate of neutrophils in the non-iron overload group was 98% (59/60), significantly higher than 75% (15/20) in the iron overload group (P < 0.05). The engraftment rate of platelet in the non-iron overload group was 90% (54/60), significantly higher than 65% (13/20) in the iron overload group (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of bloodstream infection in the non-iron overload group was 23% (14/60), remarkably lower than 40% (8/20) in the iron overload group (P < 0.05). The 180 d TRM of the recipients in the non-iron overload group was 17%, significantly lower than 45% in the iron overload group (P < 0.05). The 1- and 2-year OS of the recipients in the non-iron overload group were 82% and 80%, significantly higher than 50% and 44% in the iron overload group (both P < 0.05). Iron overload or not was an independent risk factor of the OS and TRM of the recipients (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Iron overload can affect the OS and TRM of SAA patients after allo-HSCT.

Objective To systematically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of recognition of stroke in the emergency room (ROSIER) scale by systematic review and Meta-analysis. Methods The Chinese and English literatures concerning the diagnostic accuracy of ROSIER published from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2018 by PubMed, Embase, Wanfang, VIP and CNKI databases were searched comprehensively and systematically. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of ROSIER in total population and subgroup analysis were pooled by using bivariate mixed effects model. Sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the results. Deek funnel plot was utilized to evaluate publication bias. The clinical applicability of ROSIER was evaluated by Fagan Nomogram. Results A total of 28 studies incorporating 7 579 subjects were enrolled in this Meta-analysis. Meta-analysis in total population showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity and DOR of ROSIER was 0.89 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.86-0.91, P = 0.00], 0.74 (95%CI = 0.67-0.80, P = 0.00) and 22.09 (95%CI =14.86-32.82, P = 0.00), respectively. Subgroup analysis of pooled sensitivity of ROSIER showed that Asian patients was significantly higher than European patients [0.89 (95%CI = 0.86-0.92) vs. 0.74 (95%CI = 0.66-0.82), P < 0.01], prospective study was significantly higher than retrospective study [0.89 (95%CI = 0.87-0.92) vs. 0.74 (95%CI = 0.61-0.88), P < 0.05], pre-hospital emergency was significantly higher than emergency department [0.87 (95%CI = 0.80-0.94) vs. 0.85 (95%CI = 0.81-0.90), P < 0.01], study with sample size ≤ 200 was significantly higher than study with sample size > 200 [0.88 (95%CI = 0.83-0.93) vs. 0.82 (95%CI = 0.76-0.88), P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference between different evaluators or different male to female ratio subgroups. Subgroup analysis of pooled specificity of ROSIER showed that European patients was significantly higher than Asian patients [0.81 (95%CI = 0.73-0.89) vs. 0.79 (95%CI = 0.73-0.85), P < 0.05], retrospective study was significantly higher than prospective study [0.88 (95%CI =0.78-0.97) vs. 0.79 (95%CI = 0.73-0.84), P < 0.05], pre-hospital emergency was significantly higher than emergency department [0.82 (95%CI = 0.73-0.91) vs. 0.79 (95%CI = 0.73-0.85), P < 0.01], emergency physicians was significantly higher than other medical workers [0.80 (95%CI = 0.74-0.86) vs. 0.79 (95%CI = 0.69-0.90), P < 0.05], study with sample size ≤ 200 was significantly higher than study with sample size > 200 [0.82 (95%CI = 0.76-0.89) vs. 0.78 (95%CI = 0.71-0.85), P < 0.05], but there was no significant difference between different male or female ratio subgroups. Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant change in pooled DOR before and after excluding each study, indicating that the results were stable. Funnel plot showed that there was a significant publication bias in the total population (P = 0.04), but there was no publication bias in the European population (P = 0.57) or the Asian population (P = 0.08). According to the results of the Fagan Nomogram, with the pretest probability of 50%, when ROSIER was positive, the probability of being diagnosed with stroke increased to 77%, and when ROSIER was negative, the probability of being diagnosed with non-stroke decreased to 13%. It was suggested that ROSIER had good applicability and high clinical diagnostic value. Conclusions ROSIER has high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and has high clinical diagnostic value. It is a valid stroke identification tool which can be widely used in Asian population, pre-hospital emergency and be utilized by trained medical worker.

MicroRNA is a class of short-chain non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression at post-transcriptional level.It can participate in the pathophysiology processes of tumor regulation,neurodegenerative disease,and cardiovascular disease.Recent studies have shown that microRNA can play a reguhtory role in ischemic brain damage through autophagy.This article reviews the effect of microRNA on autophagy after cerebral ischamia and its possible mechanisms.