Objective To discuss the different factorial structure of HAMD Scale between the patients of liver Qi stagnation syndrome and liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. Methods Factorial structure of HAMD Scale of 91 depression patients of liver Qi stagnation syndrome and liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome were statistically analyzed. Result There was difference between the two types of patients in factorial structure of HAMD Scale (P

There are lack of specific treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN)right now.However, TCM intervention highlights the distinct advantage for the disease.Modified Huangqi-Guizhiwuwu Tang is one of the important recipes for that.But there are no uniform standards curative effect evaluation for it, and some clinical trials do not have some new evaluation standards.We summary the clinical research literatures in recent years and analyze the existing problems, therefore, provide new recommendations as views for medical researchers in the design of clinical trials.

Due to good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, tissue engineering scaffolds have become the vital method for repairing and regenerating articular cartilage defects. With the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, many scaffolds preparation and formation methods have been developed and tested in the past decade, however, the preparation of ideal regenerative scaffolds remain controversial. As load-bearing tissue inside the body joints, the matrix structure and cell composition of articular cartilage are hierarchical, and there are several smooth natural gradients from the cartilage surface to the subchondral bone layer, including cell phenotype and number, specific growth factors, matrix composition, fiber arrangement, mechanical properties, nutrient and oxygen consumption. Therefore, in the design of regenerative scaffolds, it is necessary to achieve these gradients to regenerate articular cartilage in situ. In recent studies, many new biomimetic gradient scaffolds have been used to simulate the natural gradient of articular cartilage. These scaffolds show different mechanical, physicochemical or biological gradients in the structure, and have achieved good repair effects. The related articles on tissue engineering for the treatment of articular cartilage defects were retrieved by searching databases with key wordsarticular cartilage injury, cartilage repair and gradient scaffolds. In this work,the structural, biochemical, biomechanical and nutrient metabolism gradients of natural articular cartilage were studied and summarized firstly. Then, the latest design and construction of articular cartilage gradient scaffolds were classified. Besides that, the material composition (such as hydrogels, nanomaterials, etc.) and the preparation process (such as electrospinning, 3D printing, etc.) of grandient scaffolds were further enhanced. Finally, the prospect and challenge of biomimetic gradient scaffolds in cartilage engineering are discussed, which provides a theoretical basis for the successful application of gradient scaffolds in clinical transformation.

The treatment of articular cartilage (AC) injury caused by various reasons is still a major clinical problem. The emergence of cartilage tissue engineering brings new hope for the treatment of AC injury. In general, AC tissue engineering can be divided into two categories, including cell-based tissue engineering and cell-free tissue engineering. Although cell-based tissue engineering can repair cartilage damage to a certain extent, existing therapeutic strategies still suffer from limited cell sources, high costs, risk of disease transmission, and complex procedures. However, the cell-free tissue engineering avoids these shortcomings and brings hope for in-situ AC regeneration. Non-cellular tissue engineering is mainly used to recruit endogenous stem cells/progenitor cells (SCPCs) to reach the site of cartilage injury, and provide a suitable regenerative microenvironment to promote cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation, then the maturation of new cartilage tissue was promoted. Therefore, it is also called as cell-homing in situ tissue engineering. Successful recruitment of endogenous SCPCs is the first step in in-situ cartilage tissue engineering. This review aims to introduce chemokine response of cartilage injury, systematically summarize traditional chemoattractant (chemokines and growth factors etc.) and emerging chemoattractant (functional peptides, exosomes and nucleic acid adapters etc.), evaluate the combination mode between chemoattractant and delivery devices, discuss the prospects and challenges of chemoattractant-mediated in situ tissue engineering and provide theoretical basis for the design of endogenous SCPCs homing-based in situ tissue engineering.

As a natural plant source of artemisinin,a first-line drug against malaria,Artemisia annua directly affects the extraction process of artemisinin and the source of artemisinin. At present,traditional breeding methods combined with tissue culture are often used to breed high-yield artemisinin-containing new varieties of A. annua. However,the breeding method has the disadvantages of low efficiency and continuous selection. In this study,heavy ion beam irradiation technology was used to observe the specific germplasm resources of A. annua,and the morphological characteristics,agronomic traits and artemisinin content were used as indicators to observe the selection materials and materials. The cultivated new varieties were compared with trials and regional trials. In addition,the new variety of A. annua was identified by SRAP molecular marker technology. The results showed that the new variety of A. annua, " Kehao No.1",had an average yield of 235. 0 kg of dry leaf per mu,which was more than 20% higher than that of the control. Especially,the average artemisinin content was 2. 0%,which was 45% higher than that of the control,and the " Kehao No.1" has high anti-white powder disease,high-yield and high-quality new varieties. Therefore,mutagenic breeding of heavy ion beam irradiation can significantly improve the yield and artemisinin content of the " Kehao No. 1" and it has a good promotion value.
Artemisia annua/genetics* ; Artemisinins/analysis* ; Heavy Ions ; Mutagenesis ; Phenotype ; Plant Breeding ; Plants, Medicinal/genetics*

Articular cartilage (AC) injuries often lead to cartilage degeneration and may ultimately result in osteoarthritis (OA) due to the limited self-repair ability. To date, numerous intra-articular delivery systems carrying various therapeutic agents have been developed to improve therapeutic localization and retention, optimize controlled drug release profiles and target different pathological processes. Due to the complex and multifactorial characteristics of cartilage injury pathology and heterogeneity of the cartilage structure deposited within a dense matrix, delivery systems loaded with a single therapeutic agent are hindered from reaching multiple targets in a spatiotemporal matched manner and thus fail to mimic the natural processes of biosynthesis, compromising the goal of full cartilage regeneration. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of sequential delivery strategies targeting multiple pathological processes. In this review, we first summarize the current status and progress achieved in single-drug delivery strategies for the treatment of AC diseases. Subsequently, we focus mainly on advances in multiple drug delivery applications, including sequential release formulations targeting various pathological processes, synergistic targeting of the same pathological process, the spatial distribution in multiple tissues, and heterogeneous regeneration. We hope that this review will inspire the rational design of intra-articular drug delivery systems (DDSs) in the future.