Objective:To compare the models of guinea pig allergic rhinitis induced by different allergens. Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and alternariaalternata was respectively used as the allergens to establish the model of guinea pigs allergic rhinitis. The conformity of the models and human allergic rhinitis was studied through the behavioral indices, such as the times of nose itches, nasal discharge flow, histological properties and serum HA and IgE indices. Results:The times of sneezing and scratching nose, serum HA and IgE in OVA group was significantly different from those in the control group (P<0. 001 or P<0. 01). Conclusion:The models of allergic rhinitis induced by OVA are the same as allergic rhinitis in typical symptoms and pathological changes.

Objective To investigate the scope of application of precise hepatectomy and its value.Methods The clinical data of 112 consecutive patients with liver neoplasm who received hepatectomy at Renji Hospital from November 2006 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Precise hepatectomy technique was applied to 88 patients(precise group),whereas pringle maneuver was applied to the rest 24 patients(prince group).Patients in precise group had undergone lobectomy,segmentectomy or local resection,while patients in pringle group received segmenteetomy or local resection.The perioperative conditions of patients in the 2 groups were compared via Fisher exact probability and l test.Results No perioperative mortality,hepatic failure,reoperation due to massive hemorrhage or bile leakage was observed.The blood transfusion rate,blood loss,postoperative total bilirubin(Tbil),prothrombin time(PT)were 7%(2/29),220 ml,20 μmol/L,13 seconds in patients who received segmentectomy and local resection in precise group,and were 4%(1/24),210 ml,19μmol/L and 13 seconds in patients who received segmentectomy and local resection in pringle group,with no significant difference(t=0.248,0.263,0.246,P>0.05).The operation time,postoperative white blood cell (WBC)count.alanine aminotransferase(ALT)value and fever incidence were 60 minutes,7.5×10~9/L,66 U/L,10%(3/29)in patients who received segmentectomy and local resection in precise group,and were 15 minutes,14.0×10~9/L,335 U/L and 42%(10/24)in patients who received segmentectomy and local resection in pringle group,with significant difference(t=4.962,4.961,4.959,P<0.05).In precise group,the blood transfusion rate,postoperative WBC count,ALT value.PT and fever incidence were 9%(4/45),8.3×10~9/L,153 U/L,17 seconds and 13%(6/45)in patients who received Iobectomy,and were 12%(5/43),8.2×10~9/L,133 U/L,14 seconds and 14%(6/43)in patients who received segmentectomy or lncal resection,with no significant difference (t=1.652,1.225,1.236,P>0.05);the blood loss,operation time and postoperative Tbil level were 350 ml,250 minutes and 32μmol/L in patients who received lobectomy.and were 240 ml,150 minutes and 21 μmol/L in patients who received segmentectomy or local resection(t=4.915,4.967,4.829,P＜0.05).Conclusions Precise hepatectomy can decrease damage to patients,but it should be applied in selected patients according to the tumor location and the excision range.Precise hepatectomy is recommended to be applied in lobeetomy.

Objective The inhibitory effects of avastin on new blood vessels in nonproliferation diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and neovascular glaucoma have been demonstrated. But only seldom report of avastin on corneal neovascularization(CNV) was seen. Present study was to evaluate the effect of topical bevacizumab (avastin) on experimental corneal neovascularization in mice. Methods Thirty eyes of 30 Balb/c mice were chemically cauterized by applying a 2 mm-diameter filter paper soaked 1 mol/L NaOH solution at the central cornea for 40 s. All animals were randomly assigned to five groups, including 1 mg/mL, 3 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL bevacizumab eye drops group respectively, 1 mg/mL dexamethasone sodium phosphate eye drops group (positive control) and normal saline solution group (negative control) . The drug was topically utilized twice per day. CNV was examined under the slim lamp on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after alkali burn. Animals were killed on the 14th day after alkali burn. Area of CNV was calculated in terms of pixels on digital photographs. The use of animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results No significant difference was found in the grade of corneal injury among five groups (F = 0. 201, P = 0. 935). The area of neovascularization at the cornea surface was (37.11 ±3.17)% in 1 mg/mL bevacizumab group, (29.75 ±3.56)% in 3 mg/mL bevacizumab group, (18. 76 ± 2. 55) % in 5 mg/mL bevacizumab group, (20. 91 ± 2. 75) % in dexamethasone group and (41. 65 ±2. 11)% in normal saline group, showing a significant difference among groups(F = 71. 687, P =0. 000) with the further comparative decline in 5 mg/mL bevacizumab group compared with other groups (P ＜ 0. 01) . Conclusion The topical use of bevacizumab (avastin) inhibits alkali burn-induced CNV in mice.

Objective To reveal the role of serum ACE2/Ang (1-7)in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF)and find new targets for the prevention and treatment of AF by analyzing the correlation between the serum concentration of ACE2/Ang (1-7 )in patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease and the occurrence of AF. Methods We collected the basic clinical information and peripheral venous blood of patients with rheumatic heart valve disease (totally 46 patients,including 24 with AF and 22 with SR).ELISA method was used to detect the serum concentration of ACE2,Ang (1-7)and AngⅡ in the serum samples.Then the differences and correlation between the two groups were analyzed.Results In the AF group ① the diameter of the left atrium was significantly greater than that in the SR group [(60.70±3.08 vs.48.15±2.16)mm,P<0.05];② the serum concentration of AngⅡ was significantly higher than that in the SR group [(45.88±2.87 vs.35.78±1.08)pg/mL, P<0.05],AngⅡ and left atrium diameter were positively correlated (Pearson test,P<0.05);③ the serum concentrations of ACE2 [(7.87±0.74 vs.11.65±0.57)U/L,P<0.05]and Ang (1-7)[(146.05±17.61 vs. 321.71±36.50)pg/mL,P<0.05]were significantly lower than those in the SR group,and negatively correlated with left atrium diameter (Pearson test,P<0.05);④ the serum concentration of Ang (1-7)was negatively correlated with AngⅡ concentration (Pearson test,P<0.05).Conclusion For patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease,ACE2/Ang (1-7 )may play a protective role in the occurrence of AF via antagonizing AngⅡ and inhibiting atrial remodeling.

Objective To compare the metabolic characteristics, dosages and blood concentrations of tacrolimus (Tac) in patients subject to cadaveric liver transplantation (CLT) vs living-donor partial liver transplantation (LDLT) in order to investigate the usage of Tac in patients undergoing LDLT. Methods The clinical data of 85 patients undergoing liver transplantation from April 2007 to September 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Thirty-four underwent LDLT (group A)and the remaining 51 underwent CLT (group B). Results The time to reach therapeutic window was shorter in group A (3. 4 ± 1.0 days) than in group B (4. 5 ± 2. 0 days, P = 0. 002). The Tac dosage in group A was significantly less than in group B during the first 28 days post-transplantation. However,the Tac dosage approached gradually and tended to be consistent after 28 days. On the postoperative day7, 14, 21 and 28 days, the Tac dosage in group A was 72.74 ％, 82.26 ％, 83.92 ％ and 88. 87 ％ of that in group B respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that graft-recipient body weight ratio (GR/WR) was significantly correlated with the Tac dosage on the day 7 (mg·day-1 · kg-1) (r =0. 728, P＜0. 01) and Tac concentration/dosage ratio (ng/ml)/(mg/kg) (r = - 0. 644, P＜0. 01 ).Conclusion The early Tac dosages in patients subject to LDLT were correlated significantly with the volume of graft. The early Tac dosages in patients undergoing LDLT were about 70 ％ of those in patients undergoing cadaveric liver transplantation. Moreover, with the regeneration of the liver, they tended to be consistent after 28 days.

ObjectiveTo surnmarize the experience of tacrolimus or cyclosporine A-based immunosuppression after pediatric living-donor liver transplamation.Methods The clinical data of 30 children undergoing living-donor liver trarsplantation from October 2006 to January 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.In 30 patients,7 were given Tac-based immunosuppression (group A),10 given CsA-based immunosuppression (group B),and 13 switched from CsA to Tac for complications or adverse effects of drugs.Dosages and blood concentrations of immunosuppressants were recorded.Changes of liver and kidney functions were monitored.Incidence of rejection,infection and adverse effects of drugs were observed.ResultsIn the premise of the stable concentration and liver and kidney functions,the weight of children was increased by about 50％ and the per- kilogram dosage of CNIs was decreased significantly 1year postoperatively.There was no case of rejection in group A and 4 cases of rejection in group B(40％,4/10),and the original symptoms were gradually alleviated after the increased dosage in immunosuppressants.During the first 3 months,there was 1case of abdominal infection in group A (1/7) and 3 cases of lung infection in group B (3/10),and the original symptoms were gradually alleviated after anti-infective therapy.There was 1CMV lgM-positive case in group A (1/7) and 2 CMV IgM-positive cases in group B (2/10),and the original symptoms were gradually alleviated after using ganciclovir.The original symptoms of the 13 children switched from CsA to Tac were gradually alleviated.ConclusionThe two CNIs can be safely used in children undergoing pediatric livlng-donor liver transplantation.Both of them show the same effect in promoting the restoration of liver and kidney functions,but tacrolimus has more satisfactory effect in inhibiting the rejection and it has leas adverse effects.

Objective To observe the outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for children with biliary atresia (BA) and to summarize the clinical experiences. Methods Forty-four BA patients (26 boys and 18 girls) underwent LDLT between October 2006 and December 2010. Mean (SD) and median (range) age at operation was (12.1 ± 9.0) months and 9 (6-60) months,respectively. The 44 donors were lineal relatives to the consorted recipients. Their mean (SD) and median (range) age at operation was (32. 7 ± 8. 0) months and 31 (20～54) years, respectively. All donor graft types were the left lateral segments with compatible ABO blood groups. Clinical data,including pre-operative evaluations, surgical technique, postoperative management and outcomes in all donors and recipients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All donors were followed up for (17. 5 ± 13. 3) months. No donor mortality was encountered, with a minimal morbidity and no long-term sequelae. Nine out of 44 recipients died. Three patients died of portal vein thrombosis (PVT), one of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), two of biliary complications, one of surgical site infections, one of abdominal bleeding and one of pulmonary infection. The overall 1-year and 2-year cumulative survival rate in recipients was 81. 2% and 76. 1 %, respectively. No re-transplantation was done. Postoperative complications included PVT, HAT, biliary leakage and refluxing cholangitis, pulmonary infections,surgical site infections and acute rejection. Conclusion LDLT has been the effective treatment for pediatric recipients with BA and provides favorable prognosis. To improve prognosis of recipients, the key points are pre-operative evaluations, surgical technique, and postoperative management

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the hearing performance of a new transcutaneous bone conduction hearing aid.Methods One hundred and nine patients with conductive or mix hearing loss and eleven patients with single sided sensorineural hearing loss from four tertiary referral centers were tested under unaided and aided conditions with the sound processors on testbands.Free field test was performed to obtain the hearing thresholds and speech recognition thresholds in quiet.Adverse events were also documented by a self-reported questionnaire.Results ①Conductive or mixed hearing loss patients:for aged≥6 yrs subgroup,the bone conduction PTA average of aided sides was 18.55±8.99 dB HL.For aged<6 yrs subgroup, the bone conduction ABR hearing threshold average was 18.33±8.36 dB HL.②Statistically significant improvements in free field hearing thresholds were seen when compared aided hearing with unaided outcomes.The average PTA (pure tone average in free field) was measured at 32.21±10.00, 37.33±14.15, and 34.38±10.76 dB HL respectively in conductive or mixed hearing loss aged≥6 yrs subgroup;aged<6 yrs subgroup and SSD subgroup.③In aided situations;speech recognition thresholds in quiet were significantly better compared to unaided situation in patients aged≥6yrs.④None of patients presented adverse events related to the devices.Conclusion The Sophono bone conduction hearing aid has satisfactory hearing performance and can be considered an alternative device for patients with conductive or mix hearing loss or with SSD.

This study was aimed to observe the clinical effect of low frequency negative pressure meridian viscera regulating sub-health.According to the diagnostic criteria,34 cases of sub healthy subjects were randomly selected.The low frequency negative pressure meridian viscera regulating method was used.By analyzing the cupping spot color feedback conditioning information of the sub healthy subjects and conditioning before and after the synthesis of the four diagnostic methods of digital and quantitative,its effect was evaluated.After 4 weeks of continuous adjustment,34 cases of sub healthy subjects,compared with preconditioning,cupping spot color of the subjects was shallow or disappeared (P ＜ 0.01);after adjusting,the proportion of light red tongue and thin white tongue coating increased obviously (P ＜ 0.05),the proportion of ecchymosis tongue was decreased compared to precoditioning (P ＜ 0.05);after adjustment,core symptoms such as back pain,neck pain,anxiety and irritability,were alleviated or disappeared;after adjustment,the pulse string tightness decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01).It was concluded that the low frequency negative pressure meridian viscera regulation can significantly improve discomfort symptoms of sub healthy subjects and promote therecovery of tongue,pulse and cupping spot color in sub healthy subjects.This method is worth popularizing and further exploring.

Objective To investigate the learning curve of Da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 42 patients who underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from October 2017 to August 2018 were collected.There were 30 males and 12 females,aged from 36 to 84 years,with an average age of 59 years.The learning curve was evaluated using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis and the best fitting curve method.According to the minimum number of surgeries required to cross the learning curve,the patients were divided into learning stage group and mastery stage group.Then general data and surgical efficacy of the two groups were compared.Observation indicators:(1) surgical situations;(2) results of CUSUM analysis;(3) comparison of general data between the two groups;(4) comparison of surgical efficacy between the two groups;(5) follow-up.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination or telephone interview to detect the postoperative complications,tumor recurrence and metastasis up to February 2019.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as Mean±SD,and comparison between groups was done using the independent sample t test.Count data were represented as absolute number,and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact propability.Comparison of ordinal data between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Results (1) Surgical situations:all the 42 patients underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer successfully,without conversion to open surgery or perioperative death.Fourteen out of 42 patients underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted total radical gastrectomy and 28 underwent Da Vinci robot-assisted distal radical gastrectomy.The operation time and docking time were (213±31)minutes and (26± 11)minutes.The operation time and docking time had a tendency to decreasing as the surgical cases increasing.(2) Results of CUSUM analysis.The CUSUM learning curve were best modeled as a polynomial with equation:CUSUM (operation time)=0.016 9X3-1.913 3X2+ 50.985X-16.595,CUSUM (docking time) =0.012 8X3-1.070 7X2 + 22.189X-23.097 respectively (X means the surgical case).The P value of fitting test of models was ＜ 0.05,with goodness-of-fit (R2) as 0.960 and 0.985.The CUSUM learning curve of operation time reached its peak when the number of surgical cases accumulated to the 19th case.Nineteen cases were the minimum number of surgeries required to cross the learning curve.Similarly,The CUSUM learning curve of docking time reached its peak when the number of surgical cases accumulated to the 14th case,and 14 cases were the minimum number of surgeries required to skillfully master robot installation across the learning curve.(3) Comparison of general data between the two groups:patients were divided into learning stage group and mastery stage group with 19 cases as the cut-off point.Males,females,age,body mass index (BMI),cases in grade 1,2,3 of American society of anesthesiologists (ASA),cases with previous abdominal surgery history,cases with basic diseases,cases in T1,T2,T3,T4 stages of preoperative ultrasonic gastroscopic tumor T staging,maximum tumor diameter,cases in Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ stages of postoperative clinical staging,cases with total gastrectomy and distal gastrectomy (surgical method) were 14,5,(60± 13)years,(23.7±2.9)kg/m2,1,16,2,3,8,5,3,3,8,(4.1±3.5)cm,6,7,6,10,9 in the learning stage group,and 16,7,(58±10)years,(23.7±1.3)kg/m2,1,17,5,2,14,3,6,9,5,(4.7±2.7)cm,8,9,6,18,5 in the mastery stage group,respectively.There was no significant difference in the sex,age,BMI,ASA score,basic diseases,preoperative ultrasonic gastroscopic tumor T staging,maximum tumor diameter,postoperative clinical staging,and surgical method between the two groups (x2 =0.086,t =0.475,-0.007,Z =-0.884,x2 =1.469,Z =-0.301,t =-0.651,Z =-0.079,-0.236,x2 =3.076,P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the previous abdominal surgery history between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(4) Comparison of surgical efficacy between the two groups:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph nodes harvested,time to first liquid food intake,cases with postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (230±25) minutes,(176± 103) mL,21±7,(5.1 ± 2.0) days,2,(9.3± 2.5)days in the learning stage group,and (191±18) minutes,(95±41)mL,21±6,(4.7±1.7)days,3,(8.4± 2.1)days in the mastery stage group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (t =5.951,-3.359,P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in number of lymph nodes harvested,time to first liquid food intake,and duration of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (t =-0.120,0.538,1.303,P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the cases with postoperative complications between the two groups (P＞0.05).(5) Follow-up:all the 42 patients were followed up for 6-16 months,with a median time of 11 months.No serious long-term complications,tumor recurrence and metastasis or death occurred during the follow-up.Conclusions The CUSUM learning curve of Da Vinci robot-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer can be divided into the learning stage and the mastery stage.It is suggested that the surgeons need to finish 19 cases or more to master Da Vinci robot-assisted radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.