The dissociated monotypic nerve cell culture was established using 8 day chick embryonic cerebral hemispheres. On the 6th day in vitro, the culture medium was substituted by Earle's ballanced salt solution without glucose, then the cells were incubated in an atmosphere of 95% nitrogen and 5% CO_2. After 1 to 4 hours, increasing number of nerve cells became swollen, lost their character of optical refraction under phase contrast microscope, and were stained with trypan blue. Their leakage of LDH increased and their ability of high affinity uptake of GABA decreased. The reduction of GABA uptake took place earlier and more remarkable than that of other parameters. No significant change was observed if the ceils were incubated with glucose but without oxygen or with oxygen but without glucose. The above mentioned alterations were similar to nerve cell changes following cerebral ischemia in vivo. This model in vitro is useful in the study of ischemic nerve cell damage, their recovery and the protective effect of drugs.

China ; Forecasting ; Gaucher Disease ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Rare Diseases

Doctors and nurses from general outpatient and emergency department usually lack the treatment experience of hemophilia,therefore,emergency system and diagnostic criteria for hemophilia is es-sential.Physicians of emergency department should be trained on identifying the undiagosed patients with inherited bleeding disorders and assessing the condition of bleeding.Prompt clotting factors replacement therapy should be given to the patients with hemophilia once bleeding is suspected.Physicians should be aware that inhibitors make the emergency treatment more complicated.

Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in infants and children,which is very easy to metastasis and its malignant degree is very high.Because of its clinical differences,so far treatment of neuroblastoma is still difficult.Currently comprehensive therapies,including surgery,chemotherapy,radiation,stem cell transplantation,131 I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy,biological therapy and immune therapy as well as target therapy dominant the treatment of this disease,and introduce the some of the treatment protocols for this disease.

With advances in medical sciences,immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is gradually regarded as one of diseases characterized bv underlying loss of immune tolerance.Accordingly,treatment methods and strategy are shifting from traditional clinical experience to targeted therapy on a step-by-step basis.As for chronic and refractory ITP,combination therapy,novel immunological targeting drugs are turning out to be more effective treatment options.With further understanding of ITP pathogenesis,the elucidation of infections in the development of childhood ITP,the realization that ITP is in fact an immunological syndrome,and the distinction of other diseases with ITP-like clinical manifestations,are of great clinical implications.

Objective To investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphism in glutathione S-transferases T1, M1 and P1 and susceptibility to reflux esophagitis. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood from the patients with reflux esophagitis (n=109), cases with negative endoscopy reflux disease (NERD) (n=97) and controls (n=97). Genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 were detected by multiplex PCR. A A→G polymorphism of codon 104 of the gene GSTP1 was detected using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( PCR-RFLP ) with Alw26I. Results The frequency of variant GSTP1 genotypes (*A/*B and*B/*B) was found to be 40.4% among the patients with reflux esophagitis compared with 24.7% among cases with gastroesophageal reflux without esophagitis and 21.6% among controls (P

Child ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Child ; Hematology ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; history ; Societies, Medical ; history

Objective To observe the effect of long snake moxibustion on adjuvant arthritis rats, and explore its mechanism in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, drug group and moxibustion group, 12 rats in each group. The model of adjuvant arthritis rats was induced by intracutaneously injection of complete Freud's adjuvant in the right hind foot pat of rat. Three days later, the medcine group was given Wangbi Keli, and the moxibustion group was treated with long snake moxibustion. The changes of toe swelling was observed, and the content of IL-1, TNF-a and IL-10 in serum were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results Long snake moxibustion can relieve toe swelling and decrease the level of IL-1 and TNF-p in serum (P

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH), also known as hemophagocytic syndrome(HPS), is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by multiple etiologies.Interferon-γ(IFN-γ)has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HLH, and antibody against IFN-γ(emapalumab)can be used to treat HLH.Here, the findings on the role of IFN-γ in pathogenesis and emapalumab in treatment of HLH are reviewed respectively.