In terms of students,faculty and teaching methods,this article is involved in the problem of postgraduates'innovative ability and put up some solutions to that.The aim of the article is to help postgraduates to improve their innovative ability.

Objective To analyze the immunogenomic characteristics of antibody repertoire in re-sponse to influenza vaccine in order to provide a theoretical basis for further development of antibody. Meth-ods Based on a time-series immunoglobulin heavy chain ( IGH) repertoire sequencing dataset, we analyzed the immunogenomic characteristics of antibody repertoire in response to trivalent influenza vaccine ( TIV ) from three aspects which included the features in complementarity-determining region 3 ( CDR3 ) , antibody mutation and VDJ usage. Results The frequency of antibody mutation increased significantly upon vaccina-tion. Analysis of the CDR3 region indicated that polar and aromatic amino acids had a higher preference. The length of CDR3 region in naive B cells followed a normal distribution, while specific CDR3 sequences with 15 to 18 amino acids in length occupied a dominant position after vaccination. In addition, the VDJ us-age altered obviously and IGHV3-7-derived antibody had a significant response to the vaccine. Response in-tensity reached the peak on day 7 and gradually weakened over time. Conclusion Antibody repertoire evolves dynamically to express specific antibody upon vaccination and the characteristics of immune responses at sequence level could be used to evaluate their effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the changes of TRPM 7-like current in mouse cardiac fibroblast(CFs) after myocardial infarction and the effect of myocardial ischemia on the TRPM 7 expression and current. Methods (1) The model of myocardial infarction was made and CFs were isolated;(2) CFs were cultured and infected by TRPM 7 siRNA;(3) The effects of myocardial ischemia on TRPM 7 current were recorded by whole cell patch clamp technique;(4) The influences of myocardial isehemia on Ca2+ influx in CFs were recorded by Ca2+ fluorescence imaging. (5) The effects of ischemia on total collagen content of CFs were studied. Results (1) Ca2+ inward current of CFs was increased after myocardial infarction [(16.2±1.7) vs. (7.4±0.7) pA/pF, P<0.053];(2) TRPM 7 current was reduced by 90% after siRNA infection;(3) The total collagen content of CFs after ischemia was approximately 2.3-fold higher than basic value. Conclusions Ca2+ influx in CFs plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of myocardial fibrosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of acidosis on the current change of transient receptor potential channel M7 (TRPM7) and collagen production in mouse cardiac fibroblast (MCFs), and to explore the pathophysiological function of TRPM7 on the cardiac fibrosis. Methods (1) The model of MCFs was established and isolated. (2) MCFs was subcuhured. (3) Patch clamp technique was used to observe the current characteristics of TRPM7 in low PH solutions. (4) The influence of acidic condition on Ca2+ influx in MCFs was recorded by calcium fluorescent indicators. Results (1) There was a high level expression of TRPM7 in MCFs and the electrophysiological characteristics of TRPM7-like (TRPM7L) was similar to that of TRPM7. (2) Ca2+ influx was increased in acidic condition, and the F340/F380 ratio was increased from 1.0 to 4. 6 at pH 4.0 compared with pH 7.0 (t=2.72, P<0.01). Conclusions (1) TRPM7 is the molecular basis of the native TRPM7L in MCFs and TRPM7L plays an important role in Ca2+ influx. (2) The pathophysiological function of MCFs is influenced by regulation of Ca2+ influx mediated by TRPM7L in the condition of acidosis.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 1 antagonist (SC-19220) on proliferation,prostaglandin synthase and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal pathway induced by transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) in glomerular mesangial cells.Methods Mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were divided into 5 groups:control group,TGF-β1 (10 μg/L) group,TGF-β1 (10 μg/L) plus SC-19220 group (0.1,0.5,1.0 μmol/L).The proliferation of GMCs was measured by CCK-8.The PGE2 in supernatant was measured by ELISA.The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),laminin (LN),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),membrane-bound prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (mPGES1) protein and mRNA was examined by Westem blotting and real-time quantitative PCR,ERK1/2 or phospho-ERK1/2 was measured by Western blotting as well.Results TGF-β1 induced the proliferation of GMCs and increased the secretion of PGE2.Besides,TGF-β1 significantly up-regulated the expression of CTGF,LN,COX2 and mPGES1 mRNA and protein (P ＜ 0.05),and increased the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 protein (P ＜ 0.05).However,SC-19220 significantly attenuated the changes of above-mentioned parameters and their activities (P ＜ 0.05).All the effects of SC-19220 were in dose-dependent manner.Conclusions SC19220 may reduce TGF-β1-induced cell damage by suppressing the activity of ERK1/2,and feedback inhibition of COX2,mPGES1 and PGE2,thus decreases the expression of LN and CTGF.

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness after high intensity interval training(HIIT), and to provide a reference basis for scientific and reasonable sports plans. Methods: A total of 26 female college students with sedentary lifestyle were randomly allocated into MCT group (n=13) and HIIT group(n=13). All the participants undertook a graded exercise test to obtain VO 2max. The MCT group was trained with 60% VO 2max intensity for 30 min, while HIIT group received exercises with 90% VO 2max intensity every 3 min, intermittent 2 min, for 6 sessions three times a week for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks of training, the subjects were tested for body shape, cardiorespiratory function and aerobic exercise capacity. Results: BMI[(22.34±2.73)(21.56±2.39)kg/m2], percentage of body fat [(31.43±5.65)%, (28.85±5.52)%] of HIIT group and BMI [(22.98±3.23)(22.35±3.09)kg/m2], percentage of body fat [(33.15±4.48)%, (31.48±4.73)%] of MCT group showed significant changes before and after training(P<0.01). For cardiorespiratory function, there was a significant change in VC [(3.30±0.60)(3.61±0.54)L], vital capacity index(56.22±10.73, 63.51±10.53), and MVV [(81.44±20.45, 91.17±15.64)L/min] in HIIT group. There was also a significant change in VC [(3.08±0.41)(3.19±0.36)L] and vital capacity index (52.74±8.66, 55.62±7.88) in MCT group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01). In terms of aerobic exercise capacity, maximal oxygen uptake in HIIT group [(2 204.15±232.39)(2 539.23±339.39)mL/min] and MCT group [(2 136.15±240.76)(2 462.00±318.29)mL/min] increased significantly after training(P<0.01). Conclusion Both HIIT and MCT can significantly improve lung function and aerobic performance of sedentary female college students, but HIIT is found more effective than MCT training.

Objective:To develope and analyze and optimize the performance of some kinds of environmentally friendly flexible X-ray protective materials in attempt to tackle the various environmental and high energy consumption problems in the development of traditional medical X-ray protective clothing.Methods:The Monte Carlo program was used to establish a simplified model of medical X-ray tube. The aim was to carry out numerical simulation and prediction of the shielding materials′ performance against X-ray, prepare the flexible X-ray shielding materials through experiments and test and verify the their shielding performances The development and optimization path was also obtained by comparing the result between simulation and experiment.Results:Bi was the preferred alternative to toxic Pb elements, while W was able to compensate for weak X-ray absorption zone of Bi. The shielding efficiency of the composite material doped with 25% Bi+ 25% W was able to reach 77.8% and 66.3% at 80 and 120 kV p tube voltages, respectively. Conclusions:With both the selection of elements and the optimization of functional particles, the combination of W and Bi is an economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient shielding way within the energy range of medical diagnostic X-rays. The numerical simulation helps reduce experimental costs, shorten the research period, and improve the design efficiency of X-ray shielding materials.

Objective:To screen the circRNAs with differential expression between female patients with major depressive disorder and healthy women, and to explore the circRNAs that might be associated with depressive disorder through bioinformatics analysis.Methods:Using high-throughput sequencing screen differentially expressed circRNAs of female major depressive disorder patients, |log 2FC|≥1 and FDR<0.05 were used to determine whether circRNA had a difference in expression.According to the miRNA sponges function of circRNA, the online databases were used to predict miRNAs which may be targeted by circRNAs, and miRNAs related target genes were also predicted by the five most different circRNA.GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were used to predict biological processes for the target genes and signaling pathways.Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, biological processes and signaling pathways related to depression, circRNAs related to depression were screened. Results:Thirteen targeted miRNAs were predicted by the five most different circRNAs(hsa_circ_0020959, hsa_circ_0005959, hsa_circ_0033064, hsa_circ_0006862, hsa_circ_0027732), and multiple biological processes and signaling pathways related to depressive disorders were predicted by the target genes, such as glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway, interleukin-7 response, nervous system development, Wnt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and so on.Conclusion:All the 5 circRNAs enriched biological processes or signaling pathways related to depressive disorder, among which hsa_circ_0005959, hsa_circ_0033064, hsa_circ_0006862 and hsa_circ_0027732 may be more closely related to female major depressive disorder.

Objective:To obtain differential expression profiles of circRNAs and miRNAs in peripheral blood of female patients with major depressive disorder based on high-throughput sequencing technology, and then construct an interaction network.Based on the outcome, it made a further exploration of the possible occurrence and development mechanisms of female major depressive disorder through functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis.Methods:According to the ceRNA theory, circRNA-miRNA network was constructed by TargetScan software via predicting the binding sites.Subsequently, the GO functional enrichment analysis was performed, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were utlized to illustrate the target genes of co-expressed miRNAs.Thereby, the key genes related to major depressive disorder could be screened out.Results:A total of 724 differential circRNAs and 26 differential miRNAs were detected in female patients with major depressive disorder.And hsa_circ_0086092 and hsa-miR-146a-3p were the most co-expressed.Go functional annotations pointed out that it involved the regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process, regulation of RNA splicing, regulation of cell communication, amino acid transfer, regulation of RNA metabolic process, regulation of signaling and other biological processes.KEGG pathway analysis showed that target genes were mainly enriched in neurotrophin signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, cocaine addiction, mTOR signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, etcetera.Among the predicted target genes, BDNF, FGF2, MAPK14, GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRM2 and PDE4 have the highest correlation with major depressive disorder.Conclusion:Hsa_circ_0086092 may be involved in the occurrence and development of female major depressive disorder through interaction with hsa-miR-146a-3p.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory role of defferentially expressed LOC107987438 in the pathogenesis of depressive disorder and provide a theoretical basis for its clinical application in depressive disorder.Methods:Differential expression of LOC107987438 was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)in peripheral blood monocular cells(PBMCs)of 60 patients with depressive disorder and 60 health controls. In addition, its diagnostic value was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves. Based on the ceRNA mechanism of lncRNA, the miRDB database was applied to predict the target miRNAs of LOC107987438, and the miRNAs with target score ≥ 80 among them were screened out.The screened miRNAs were then used to predict their potential target mRNAs through four databases which were TargetScan 8.0, miRTarBase, mirDIP and miRPathDB. Moreover, the predicted target mRNAs were annotated for gene ontology(GO)function annotation and tokoyo encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis via ClusterProfiler 4.0.5 package of R 4.1.1. Finally, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the STRING 11.5 platform to retrieve the interacting genes.Results:The qRT-PCR results showed that normalized expression of LOC107987438 in PBMCs of patients with depressive disorder was higher than that in health controls(depressive disorder: 2.084±1.357, health controls: 1.000±0.660, P<0.001). The ROC curve results showed that the area under curves(AUC)of LOC107987438 was 0.759(95% CI: 0.675-0.842, P<0.05), indicating its high potential diagnostic value. Bioinformatics analysis showed that hsa-miR-4670-3p, hsa-miR-619-3p, hsa-miR-6721-5p and hsa-miR-297 were the miRNAs with high bindings to LOC107987438. The results of KEGG signaling pathway enrichment revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1)signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT(PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway and erythroblastic oncogene B(ErbB) signaling pathway were closely associated with depressive disorder. Among the top ten key genes screened by the protein-protein interaction network, kirsten rats arcomaviral oncogene homolog(KRAS), androgen receptor(AR), cyclic-AMP response binding protein1(CREB1), insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B(CDKN1B) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type Ⅱ alpha(CAMK2A)were strongly associated with depressive disorder. Conclusion:The establishment of ceRNA regulatory network of LOC107987438 provides a theoretical basis for exploring the pathophysiology of depressive disorders.