Objective To compare the myocardial enzyme spectrum of native mountain yaks ( Bos grunniens) , alien mountain yellow cattle ( Bos taurus domestica) and low altitude yellow cattle breeding in Qinghai plateau, explove the mechanism that the native mountain yaks adapt to the plateau environment.Methods The samples were treated by cervical bleeding to death, and whole blood was collected.Then serum were prepared from whole blood.The myocardial enzymes including aspartate amino transferase, creatine kinase, creatinine kinase-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and.Results In the native mountain yaks and in the alien mountain yellow cattle, levels of AST, CK, CK-MB were significantly higher than those in the low altitude yellow cattle (P<0.05);compared with the alien mountain yellow cattle, levels of AST,CK were significantly higher than those in the native mountain yaks (P<0.05),CK-MB,LDH and HBDH were lower(P<0.05).The results suggested that under the high altitude and hypoxia environment, myocardial cell injury occurred in the alien mountain yellow cattle, thus various enzymes penetrated through the cells into the blood circulation, lead to the higher serum enzymatic levels.Conclusion The phenomenon indicates that the alien mountain yellow cattle is in a state of high altitude acclimatization.But the native mountain yaks are well adapte to the high altitude and hypoxia environment.

The monosaccharide composition and the structure of polysaccharide from Pichia fermentans were analyzed. The yeast cells were broken with ultrasonic disruption and the crude polysaccharide was precipitated by addition of ethanol. Then, the crude polysaccharide was separated by diethylaminoethyl(DEAE) cellulose column separation and an acquisition of uniform water-soluble polysaccharide yeast polysaccharides 5(YP5) was obtained. The results of gas chromatographic analysis indicated that the glycosyl was made of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose, whose molar ratio was 9.51∶ 1.33∶ 2.31∶ 0.94∶ 84.93∶0.96, respectively. The molecular weight of polysaccharides YP5 was 8.3×10~4 measured by Ubbelohde viscosity method. Combination of IR and ~1H NMR analysis showed that the YP5 owned characteristic infrared absorption peaks of polysaccharide and contained amino groups. The β-D-glucan was main glucosidic linkage of polysaccharides PY5.

Biopsy ; Carcinoma in Situ ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective:To study the effects of combination of parenteral and enteral nutrition in sequence on prognosis of severe craniocerebral injury of geriatric patient.Methods:The method and effects of nutrition support have been studied in 84 cases of severe craniocerebral injury of geriatric patient.The patients of study group were fed by parenteral and enteral nutrition in sequence in early period,and the patients of the control group were nutritionally supported with common method for 6-7 days.Results:Nitrogen cumultive balances,nutitional index of the study group were signficantly better than that of the control group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of normal saline(NS)of different temperature on morphological changes and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)expression of spinal cord.Methods The spinal canal of 96 SD adult rats was opened at T9.which of 24 rats was flushed with 37 ℃ NS,24 with 20 ℃ NS,24 with 4 ℃ NS respectively,and which of 24 rats in control group received no flushing.The spinal canal was closed one hour later,and the spinal cord was taken out 24 hours later.Then the water content in spinal cord was determined by dry-wet method.The morphological changes of spinal cord were observed under light microscope and the electronic microscope.The amount of NOS-positive neuron was measured by ?-NADPH histochemical methods.Results The water content in spinal cord was(66.53?0.61)% in control group,(66.75?1.00)% in 37 ℃ group,(70.55?0.77)% in 20 ℃ group,(71.92?2.50)% in 4 ℃ group.The spinal cord of control group and 37 ℃ group contained less water than that of 20 ℃ group and 4 ℃ group.There were no obvious morphological changes in the control group and 37 ℃ group.In 20 ℃ and 4 ℃ groups,the demyelination of axon,swelling of cell body and the disappearance of tigroid body were observed under light microscope,the partial disaggregation of medullary sheath,swelling of mitochondria and disappearance of mitochondria crista could be observed under electron microscope.The amount of NOS-positive neuron in spinal cord was(18.75?2.12),(18.63?1.41),(14.75?1.67),(8.13?1.25)in control,37 ℃,20 ℃ and 4 ℃ groups,respectively.The control group and 37 ℃ group showed more NOS-positive neuron than those of 20 ℃ group and 4 ℃ group.Conclusion NS below 20 ℃ can injury spinal cord.It is suitable to choose 37 ℃ NS to flush brain and spinal card during operation.

BACKGROUND: There are various treatment methods for femoral neck fracture in the elderly, and they have advantages and disadvantages, especially for the elderly type of stable femoral neck fractures Garden type II of treatment options. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current main clinical methods of senile femoral neck fractures of Garden type II, compare the advantages and disadvantages of internal fixation and joint replacement, and provide the best treatment for orthopedic surgeons. METHODS: We retrieved PubMed database. Key words were elderly femoral neck fracture, Garden type II, selection strategy and progress. Combining with the clinical cases encountered in the comparative analysis, the relevant discussion was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Although the risk of surgery and the pain of non-surgical patients in early stage, the effects are not ideal. Internal fixation of Garden type II femoral neck fracture and joint replacement in elderly patients is controversial. For the elderly and Garden type II femoral neck fractures, the rate of revision after cannulated screw fixation was significantly higher than that of hip replacement. Both cement-type and biological-type implant prosthesis can improve hip function largely, and reduce non-surgical complications, and finally get a satisfactory clinical effect. The clinician should make the best treatment plan according to the patient’s age, bone condition, fracture type and physical condition.

Objective · To investigate the effects of insulin on high glucose-cultured humanmononuclear cell line THP-1 and macrophage phenotype transformation in diabetic wounds. Methods · THP-1 cells were cultured with normal (5.6 mmol/L) and high (25 mmol/L) glucose, respectively,stimulated with PMA for differentiation, and induced to M1 macrophages with LPS. After treated with insulin for 6 h, expression changes of M1 type macrophage markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), as well as M2 type macrophage markers arginase1 (Arg1) and IL-10 were detected using real-time PCR andWestern blotting. High fat diet feeding plus multiple intraperitoneal injections of low dose streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce type II diabetes rat model. After blood glucose level has been stable for five weeks, two fullthickness skin wounds with the diameter of 1cm were made on the back of DM rats. Wounds were randomly assigned to being treated with insulin (0.2 U insulin /20 μL saline) or saline (20 μL saline) using the random number table. Characteristics of macrophagephenotypes were observed 3, 7, and 25days after wounds were made. Normal rats (n=3) served as controls. Results · After being cultured with high glucose, the mRNA levels of M1 markers iNOS and TNF-α were up-regulated in LPS-induced THP-1 cells, while the mRNA levels of M2 markers Arg1 and IL-10 were down-regulated.Afterbeing treated with insulin for 6 h, mRNA levels of iNOS and TNF-α weredown-regulated, protein levels of iNOS, IL-1β were down-regulated too, while mRNAand protein levels of Arg1 and IL-10 were up-regulated. In addition, the expression level of phosphorylated NF-κB-p65 was significantly increased after high glucose culture and was significantly decreased after insulin intervention. Compared to normal rat skin wounds, the expression of iNOS in macrophages was significantly increased in wounds of diabetic rats. The expression of iNOS in macrophages was high in saline treated wounds 3 and 7 days after the wounds were made and the expression of Arg1 was low 25 days after the wounds were made. In insulin treated wounds, the expression of iNOS started to decrease on day 7 after the wounds were made and the expression of Arg1 was significantly higher than that in saline treated wounds on day 25 after the wounds were made. Conclusion · Insulin can induce macrophage phenotype transformation from M1 to M2 under high glucose condition and the mechanism may be associated with the phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65.

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibition effect of spinosin on 7 subtypes (CYP2B6,CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP2D6, CYP1A1,CYP2C19 and CYP3A4)of cytochrome P450(CYP450)enzymes from human liver microsomes in vitro. METHODS:Tak-ing 200.00,100.00,50.00,25.00,12.50,6.25,3.13,1.56,0.78,0.39 μmol/L spinosin and human liver microsomes for incuba-tion,using daktarin,bupropion,amodiaquine hydrochloride,diclofenac sodium,mephenytoin,dextromethorphan hydrobromide and midazolam as the specific probe drugs for above-mentioned 7 subtypes of CYP450 enzymes. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was conducted to detect generation amount of 7 probe drug metabolites,and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of spinosin on 7 subtypes of CYP450 enzymes from human liver microsomes was calculated. RESULTS:IC50 of spinosin on 7 subtypes of CYP450 enzymes from human liver microsomes were 1714,1158,226.1,2288,80.59,101.1,1119 μmol/L,respectively,which were higher than 50μmol/L. CONCLUSIONS:Spinosin has no inhibition effect on above-mentioned 7 subtypes of CYP450 enzymes from human liver microsomes,with very low probability of inducing metabolic drug interactions.

matK is one of the core DNA barcode markers for plant DNA barcode identification and its universality using single makers has been in controversy. However, the universalities of different matK primer pairs in same seed plant group (order) and same matK primer pairs in different seed plant groups (order) are lack of systematic research. In this study, we collected 14563 full-length matK sequences of 11429 species of 3292 genera in 239 families belonging to 36 orders in seed plants. The universalities of 13 matK primer pairs and its 78 primer com-binations have been assessed using bioinformatics methods. The results indicated that xf/5r, 1F/8R, 390F/1326R and 3F_KIM/1R_KIM were the four most universality primer pairs. The four markers' universalities were 91.18%, 84.65%, 79.81% and 80.94% respectively in all 11429 seed plants. The most universality primer pairs in different orders were different. For each order, the primer pair with maximum universality was different. the xf/5r was the basal primer pair for primer combination and 1F/8R, 1F/1R, M3/M4 and 3F_KIM/1R_KIM could be the complementary primer pairs. This study could be a valuable resource for the primer selection of the research DNA barcoding identification in seed plants.

The structure and 5-HT immunoreactivity in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of three beetles, Ambrostoma quadriimpressum, Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and Oxycetonia jucunda, were first studied by means of colophony-paraffin embedding serial section technique and strepteavidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the brains of these three taxonomically closely related beetles were remarkably different in composition and size. Mushroom bodies and antennal lobes in Oxycetonia jucunda were conspicuous. Calyces and lobes of the mushroom bodies.were much developed. In contrast, calyces of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata were extremely undeveloped. However, the postretinal fibres and circumpharyngeal nerves of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum were highly developed. In the three beetles, 5-HT immunoreactivity was present in all neuropils of the brain and the suboesophageal ganglion. The pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity and the localization of immunoreactive somata which often clustered into groups were similar among these beetles, while the immunoreactivity intensity was distinct, especially in the lamina. The results suggest that the three beetles have given rise to adaptive radiation under the evolutionary pressure because of the long-term different life styles and living environments in which the taxonomic status of Ambrostoma quadriimpressum is relatively low. The similarity of the pattern of 5-HT immunoreactivity and localization of some positive somata among the three beetles raise the possibility that 5-HT seemes to serve similar physiological function in different insects. Furthermore, 5-HT might be involved in modulating the ingestion by regulating muscular activity and visual sensitivity.