Objective To explore the activity of daily living in patients with schizophrenia and its related factors. Methods 200 patientswith schizophrenia were investigated with the questionnaire about general condition, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) when hospitalized. The relationship between the scores of ADL and sexuality, age, education level,marital status, profession before the disease attacking, household, disease type, course of the disease, frequency of attacking and hospitalizationor scores of PANSS was analyzed. Results The score of ADL was significantly above the normal level (t=32.206, P=0.000) in theschizophrenics. The score of ADL was not significantly different among the patients in different gender, education level, marital status, profession,household and the frequency of hospitalization (P>0.05), but was significantly different among the ages (F=3.851, P=0.023) and diseasetype (F=19.793, P=0.000). The score of ADL positively correlated with the course of the disease (r=0.161, P=0.023), frequency of attacking(r=0.396, P=0.000) and the difference value between the numbers of attacking and hospitalization (r=0.425, P=0.000), so as the totaland each factors scores of PANSS (P=0.000), but did not correlated with frequency of hospitalization (r= 0.097, P=0.174). By multiple regressionanalysis, only 3 factors score of PANSS, the frequency of attacking and the difference value between the numbers of attacking andhospitalization entered into the regression equation (F=53.630, P=0.000). Conclusion The patients with schizophrenia generally fall in activityof daily living. The more serious the disease, the more frequent the attacking and the more the difference value between the numbers ofattacking and hospitalization, the poorer the activity of daily living was.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of VCA-IgA and multilayer enhanced spiral CT(MESCT) in the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods Retrospective analysed the data on serum VCA-IgA test and MESCT of 385 patients with suspected nasopharyngeal disease,and the results were confirmed by surgery and pathology.Comparatively analysed the two methods in differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and benign diseases.Finally,calculated the sensivity,speficity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Results The positive rate of serum VCA-IgA,MESCT and combination of those two methods in naospharyngeal carcinoma were significantly higher than those in nasopharyngeal benign disease(P<0.05);combination of the methods significantly improve the sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the specificity was lower than VCA-IgA,higher than MESCT alone.Conclusion Combination of serum VCA-IgA and MESCT were excellent strategy for diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of olanzapine combined with ziprasidone in the treatment of refrac-tory schizophrenia in elderly patients. METHODS:120 elderly patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into control group and study group. Control group was orally treated with Olanzapine tablet 10-20 mg,once a day;study group was orally treat-ed with Ziprasidone hydrochloride capsule 80-120 mg,twice a day+Olanzapine tablet(the usage was the same as control group). The clinical efficacy in 2 groups was evaluated after 2 weeks,PANSS score,FPG,2 h PG,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,body weight, BMI before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:There were no significant difference in the total efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the PANSS scores at different time point in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and 12 weeks<8 weeks<4 weeks<2 weeks,the differences were sta-tistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05). There were not signifi-cant differences in the indexes of blood glucose and lipid,body mass and BMI in study group before and after treatment (P>0.05);after treatment,the blood glucose after 8 and 12 weeks and LDL-C,TG,TC,body mass and BMI after 4,8 and 12 weeks in control group were significantly higher than before and study group same time,the HDL-C was significantly lower than before and research group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy and safety of both olan-zapine combined with ziprasidone and olanzapine alone in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia in elderly patients is similar, however,it is better than olanzapine alone in terms of controlling blood glucose and lipid.

Objective To explore the value of combined use of laboratory indicators for diagnosis of early renal functional damage. Methods Eighty-six patients with various kidney diseases were enrolled in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. On admission,the serum Cystatin C(Cys C),creatinine(Cr), Urea,etc were determined. The value of using combined laboratory indicators in the diagnosis of renal functional damage was obtained through the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve);multiple variable indicators were grouped to establish multiple logistic regression models to be compared and evaluated. Results In the early and late renal injury groups(group B of 32 cases and group C of 12 cases),the serum levels of Cys C,Cr, and Urea were significantly higher than those in the normal renal function control group(group A of 42 cases),the elevation in level in group C being the most significant〔Cys C(mg/L):3.47±0.75 vs. 1.59±1.29,Cr(μmol/L):669±466 vs. 214±173,Urea(mmol/L):21.22±13.10 vs. 11.04±8.24,P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. The areas under the ROC curve(AUC)made by combinations of Cys C,Cr and Urea for the diagnosis of renal damage were 0.908,0.817 and 0.785. In the four different kinds of combination of the indicators,the AUC were sequentially arranged from large to small area as follows:Cys C+Cr+Urea=Cys C+Cr>Cys C+Urea>Cys C>Cr+Urea(0.920=0.920>0.911>0.908>0.809). In this sequence,the AUC made by Cys C+Cr+Urea and Cys C+Cr were equal,both 0.920, whose sensitivity was 75.0%,specificity 100.0%,positive predictive value 100.0%,negative predictive value 80.0%and diagnostic accuracy rate 87.5%. So,Cys C + Cr combination could be used to substitute Cys C + Cr + Urea, and the former clinical diagnostic effect was the best,much higher than that by using AUC whose curve was made by Cys C alone. Conclusion The value of using only one laboratory indicator for diagnosis of patients with early renal functional damage is not high,while applying Cys C+Cr combination can improve the diagnostic effect greatly,and its sensitivity and specificity are higher.

Objective To explore the correlation between resistins rs2161490and rs1423096 genotype with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)in Guangdong.Methods Collected 178 blood of newly diagnosed T2DM in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2015 to November 2015 as the patient group and 192 blood of healthy physi-cal examination as the control group.Analysis of the two groups of gene distribution frequency was to reach the genetic equi-librium,comparative two gene loci frequencies of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 in case group and control group was sta-tistically significant,and compared the distribution frequency of rs2161490 locus T→C and rs1423096 locus A→G between the patient group and the control group.Then made a logistic regression analysis:analysing the risk two loci each genotype of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 to T2DM,adjust of the gender and age,and the changes of the risk of the two variables. Comparative blood lipids biochemical indexes between case group and the control group,mode the correlation analysis be-tween TG,CHOL,HDL-C and LDL-C levels of serum lipids in patients with rs2161490 and rs1423096 each genotypewere performed.Results The sample was consistent with Weinberg Hardy’s law of inheritance,which was representative of the population,comparing two gene loci frequency of resistin rs2161490 and rs1423096 of case group and control group:com-parinng CT,TT,CC of rs2161490 genotype,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.834,>0.05),and com-parinng AA,AG,GG of rs2161490 genotype,there was no statistically significant difference (P=0.960,>0.05).Each gen-otypes with T2DM risk analysis,there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Adjusting the risk change after the two variables,gender and age,there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05);TG,CHOL,HDL-C and LDL-C in each of the genes expression levels correlation analysis,there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05).Con-clusion Analysis results showed that the frequency of two loci all genotypes in the case group and control group were no statistical significance (P>0.05).The risk of two loci gene type of rs2161490 with rs1423096 and type 2 diabetes were be-fore and after the covariate adjustment had no statistical significance (P>0.05 ).Each genotype of rs2161490 with rs1423096 and lipid levels had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Thus infer that two genotypes is not risk for type 2 dia-betes genes in guangdong area.

Objective:To search for potential protein biomarkers of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and thyroid borderline lesion. Dif-ferentially expressed proteins between the two were analyzed and identified. Methods:A total of 118 cases of thyroid resection sam-ples were obtained from patients who underwent surgery at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from April 2013 to Febru-ary 2015. Experimental groups included 43 PTCs (40 classic and 3 follicular variants) and 33 thyroid borderline lesions (with equivocal PTC type nuclear features and papillary structure, but without metastasis, and lacking capsular or vascular invasion;8 cases with atypi-cal adenoma), respectively. The control group included 42 normal thyroid tissues adjacent to carcinoma. The total protein extracts from frozen thyroid samples of 10 cases in each group were profiled with 2D electrophoresis. The differential protein spots were then revealed by PDQUEST 7.3 software and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-fight/time-of-fight mass spec-trometry and Swiss-Prot database search. Six differentially expressed proteins of these spots were further validated using 118 samples through immunohistochemistry. Results:A set of 24 differentially expressed spots significant in discriminating between the sample groups were found, and 18 proteins were identified. Immunohistochemistry revealed the following six proteins located in the cyto-plasm:keratin, type II cytoskeletal 8 (CK8);keratin, type I cytoskeletal 18 (CK18);60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60);actin, cytoplasmic 2 (γ-actin);14-3-3 protein beta/alpha (14-3-3β/α);and 14-3-3 protein epsilon (14-3-3ε). All six proteins were overexpressed in PTC compared with normal tissues (P<0.001). Meanwhile, CK8, CK18, HSP60, andγ-actin were overexpressed in PTC compared with bor-derline lesions (P<0.01). Except for CK8, the five other proteins were overexpressed in borderline lesions compared with normal tis-sues (P<0.001). Conclusion:Proteomic analysis is useful in searching for new biomarkers of PTC and thyroid borderline lesion. The ex-pression patterns of these differentially expressed proteins can be further validated using immunohistochemistry. The newly identified protein biomarkers can positively contribute to early PTC diagnosis.

Objective:To compare the pharmacoeconomics value of domestic olanzapine with imported olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia to provide reference for the rational drug use in clinics. Methods:Two hundred patients with schizophrenia were ran-domly divided into group A ( treated with domestic olanzapine ) and group B ( treated with imported olanzapine ) with 100 cases in each. The treatment course was 8 weeks. The patient’ s condition, adverse reactions, social function, quality of life and daily activity in the two groups were evaluated. Meanwhile, cost-efficacy analysis was performed. Results:The scores of PANSS, SDSS, SQLS and ADL after the treatment were all significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0. 01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). In the 2nd and 4th weekend after the treatment, the scores of TESS in group A were all significantly higher than those in group B (P<0. 01). The effectiveness of the two groups was similar. The cost in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0. 01). The efficacy-cost ratio in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0. 01). Conclusion:The domestic olanzapine is as effective and safe as imported olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia with lower treat-ment cost. Therefore, the pharmacoeconomics value of domestic olanzapine is much better.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of laboratory evaluation of renal injury in early diagnosis index. Methods Eighty-six patients in in-patient and out-patient of the department of urology were tested in serum C (Cys C), serum creatinine (Cr) and serum UREA nitrogen (UREA). According to the diagnostics (sixth edition), we evaluated their values for diagnosis of renal injury by analyzing the characteristics of the work curve (ROC). Results According to the renal function indexes, 3 groups were divided such as group A (normal renal function control Ccr 80 mL/min) or the Cys C, Cr, and UREA in (0.47 ± 0.24) mg/L, (85 ± 14) μmol/L, and (4.55 ± 1.33) mmol/L, group B (a decrease in renal function reserves, and renal insufficiency 20 mL/min or less Ccr < 80 mL/min) of Cys C, Cr, and UREA in (1.59 ± 1.29) mg/L, (214 ± 173) μmol/L, and (11.04 ± 8.24) mmol/L and group C (renal failure and uremia Ccr < 20 mL/min) of Cys C, Cr, and UREA in (3.47 ± 0.75) mg/L, (669 ± 466) μmol/L, and (21.22 ± 13.10) mmol/L respectively. As reducing in Ccr, Cys C, Scr and UREA concentration increased and correlated with Ccr negatively. According to the mazimum Youden index, the critical values of Cys C, Cr, and UREA were 0.90 (mg/L), 115 (μmol/L) and 7.33 (mmol/L) separately, the sensitivity (%), specificity, positive predictive value (%), negative predictive value (%), diagnostic accuracy (%) and the area of the ROC curve (AUC) were Cys C (77.3%, 97.6%, 97.0%, 81.1%, 77.3%, 0.908), Cr (65.9%, 97.6%, 96.5%, 74.1%, 65.9%, 0.817), and UREA (63.6%, 97.6%, 96.4%, 72.8%, 63.6%, 0.785) respectively. The diagnostic accuracy showed that the Cys C > Cr > UREA. Their correspounding ROC curve (AUC) were in the area of 0.908, and 0.785 and 0817. Cys C had the highest AUC (0.908), and achieved a good diagnosis effect. Conclusion Renal damage laboratory indexes of in the early diagnosis, Cys C has a higher sensitivity and specificity to be worth of clinical promotion.

Objective To analyze the cost-effectiveness of the rehabilitation of intermittent hospitalization combined with home treatmenton chronic schizophrenics. Methods 100 patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly assigned to study group and controlgroup, 50 cases in each group. All patients in both groups were treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. An intermittent hospitalization combinedwith home treatment was given to the study group and a continuous hospitalization to the control group for a year. Positive and NegativeSyndrome Scale (PANSS), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) were used to evaluatethe patient's condition and activity of daily living and quality of life before and after the intervention. In the meantime, a cost-effectivenessanalysis was made. Results The interventions had significant influence on the scores of PANSS, ADL and SQLS in both groups. Thescores of PANSS, ADL and SQLS were significantly lower 1 year after the intervention than before in both groups (FB= 540.577, 318.148,326.751, all P=0.000). There was a significant interaction effect between intervention method and time in both groups on the scores ofPANSS, ADL and SQLS (FAB=13.710, 10.918, 6.578, P=0.000, 0.001, 0.012). The decrease value of those scores was significantly greater inthe study group than in the control group (t=3.703, 3.304, 2.565, P=0.000, 0.001, 0.012). The ratio of cost-effectiveness was larger in thestudy group than in the control group (t=7.035, P=0.000). Conclusion Intermittent hospitalization combined with home treatment is morebeneficial for the patients with chronic schizophrenia in controlling the syndrome, keeping or improving the activity of daily living and thequality of life. Therefore its rehabilitation benefit is better than that of continuous hospitalization.

Objective To compare the influence of different admission modes on quality of life of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods 200 patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly assigned to discontinuous group and continuous group with 100 cases in each group. All patients were treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs. A discontinuous hospitalization combined with home treatment was given to the discontinuous group and a continuous hospitalization to the continuous group for 1 year. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) were respectively used to evaluate the patient's condition and quality of life before and after the intervention. Results The intervention methods on scores of PANSS and SQLS in both groups had a change trend with time. The scores of PANSS and SQLS were significantly lower in the end of 6 months and 1 year after intervention than before in both groups (F=2119.513, 390.981, P=0.000). There was a interaction effect between intervention method and time in both groups on the scores of PANSS and SQLS (F=17.660, 11.709, P=0.000). There was significant difference between 2 groups on the score of PANSS (F=19.673,P=0.000). The decrease range of those scores was greater in the discontinuous group than in the continuous group (P=0.000). Conclusion A discontinuous hospitalization combined with home treatment is more beneficial than a continuous hospitalization for the patients with chronic schizophrenia in controlling the syndrome and improving or keeping the quality of life.