Objective To understand the changing trends of immune-related diseases.Disease patterns from both pre-and post-immunization plan and after the immunization program were described,in order to provide evidence for the formulation and revision of immunization program and policy,in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Methods According to the time order descriptive method was used to analyze and compare the reported data on infectious diseases in Ningxia,between 1958 and 2014.Results From 1958 to 2014,both incidence and mortality of infectious diseases and four diseases related to the immunization programs,in Ningxia appeared significantly low.Since the implementation of the immunization plan,the incidence and mortality of the 4 diseases declined significantly,with the average annual total incidence as 176.12/100 000 before the immunization plan dropped to 2.56/100 000 when the expanded immunization plan was put into practice.The incidence also showed a downward trend.Among diseases that under the immunization program,the incidence of measles appeared the highest,followed by pertussis.However,none of the case on diphtheria or polio appeared which was caused by the wild strains,in 1983 and 1994.Conclusion After the implementation of the immunization plan,the immune-related diseases seemed to have been under well controlled.and with remarkable social benefit.Immunization programs appeared the most effective measures to control and eliminate the acute infectious diseases in the region.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of the modified laparoscopic radical cystectomy and standard pelvic lymph node dissection for female bladder cancer patients.Methods Fortyone female patients with bladder cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC) and standard pelvic lymph node dissection(sPLND) in our hospital from June 2003 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure.There were 15 patients with ≤ cT2 tumor and 1 patient with cT3 in the modified group.The average age was (62.2 ± 11.5) years.The median BMI was 20.7 kg/m2,ranging 18.4 to 22.2 kg/m2;The ASA level was less than Ⅱ in 9 (56.2％) cases and was level Ⅲ in 7 (43.8％) cases.There were 22 patients with ≤ cT2 tumor and 3 patients with cT3 in the traditional group.The average age was (60.4 ± 12.9)years.The median BMI was 21.7 kg/m2,ranging 18.4 to 23.1 kg/m2.ASA was less than level Ⅱ in 15(60.0％) cases and level Ⅲ in 10(40.0％) cases.All operations are performed under general anesthesia.In the traditional group,the plane between rectus and uterus is separated first.Then open the posterior cervical fornix and cut off the lateral bladder pedicle,cardinal ligament of uterus and urethra.The bladder and uterus are removed together.The sPLND is performed at last.In the modified group,the sPLND is performed first.Then separate the bladder and uterus until the anterior wall of the vagina can be exposed.The bladder and uterus are removed separately.Data of the operation and the complications were collected and analyzed.Results All patients were performed the operation successfully.No open conversion was recorded during the operation.No patient died during the peripheral operative phase.In modified group,10 patients received orthotopic ileal neobladder (OIN),5 patients received ileal conduit and 1 patient received ureterostomy.In traditional group,19 patients received OIN,3 patients received ileal conduit and 3 patients received ureterostomy.No significant difference of surgical method was noticed in those group.The median operative time in modified group and traditional group was 290 min (ranging 265-335 min) and 315 min (ranging 270-380 min),respectively(P ＞ 0.05).The median estimated blood loss in modified group and traditional group was 100ml (100,100) and 200ml (200,400),respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of transfusion in modified group and traditional group was 6.3％ (1/16) and 18.5％ (5/27),respectively (P ＜0.05).The incidence of early complications between two groups showed no statistically difference.No major (Clavien grade 3 to 5) complications occurred in modified group.However major complications occurred in 3 patients in traditional group,followed by 2 neobladder vagina fistula,1 ileal anastomotic stoma fistula.All those complications were cured by operation.All patients were diagnosed urothelium carcinoma.In modified group,the tumor stage included carcinoma in suit in 2 cases,pTa-pT1 in 7 cases,pT2 in 6 cases,pT3 in one case.In traditional group,the tumor stage included pT1 in 12 cases,pT2 in 10 cases,pT3 in 3 cases.The numbers of resected lymph node in modified group and conventional group were 16 (ranging 7-19) and 10 (ranging 7-13),respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The modified laparoscopic radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection for female bladder cancer patients could reduce the blood loss and incidence of neobladder vaginal fistula comparing with the traditional operation.

【Objective】 To study the expressions of BMAL1 and CerbB-2 genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and their related mechanisms. 【Methods】 Plasmid transfection, MTT, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the proliferation of NPC cells, the expressions of BMAL1 and CerbB-2 genes and proteins, and the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway. 【Results】 The MTT results showed that BMAL1 and CerbB-2 could affect the proliferation of NPC cells. RT-PCR results showed that BMAL1 gene was significantly down-regulated in NPC (CK: 2.24±0.22, NPC: 0.63±0.11, P<0.01), while CerbB-2 gene expression was significantly up-regulated (CK: 0.89±0.13, NPC: 2.65±0.25, P<0.01). The p50 and p65 genes in the NF-κB signaling pathway were up-regulated in NPC cells (p50, CK: 0.48±0.12, NPC: 1.45±0.25; p65, CK: 0.52±0.12, NPC: 2.33±0.35, P<0.01). The results of Western blotting were consistent with gene expression, which further confirmed the reliability of the results. 【Conclusion】 This study reveals that BMAL1 and CerbB-2 regulate the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells through the inflammatory pathway NF-κB, providing further theoretical support for the treatment and prevention of NPC.