A broken metal handle accompanied by femoral trunk fracture, which would shorten service life of handles. Therefore, it is necessary to judge whether the notch is the main reason for handle broken. Some literatures thought that the pores of sintered porous coated anatomic (PCA) porous layer produce the notch on the handle surface and the notches lead to the handle broken being incorrect. The Apex of the pore is taken for the bottom of the notch, expanding into a crack, and it should also not grow to the base-alloy, accordingly, the above conclusion is wrong. Some reports pointed out the notch, apex of the pore, will expand into the crack, but it is not associated with the broken handle. Under the sintering temperature, the grain boundary apertures be generated on the base metal surface, the aperture is expanded into the crack, which leads to handle broken in the forced area. However, neither theoretical basis, nor a case of corroboration, can prove exist of notch. Actually, the broken handle is caused by the sintering technology. The high temperature of sintering joining results in grain boundary aperture, when encounter the largest forced area and expand into crack, it will break the handle.

INTRODUCTION: General joining techniques are at low level, which produces some potential problems in porous layer of porous coated anatomic (PCA).LIMITATIONS: The problems in general joining techniques are caused by limitations of each technique, which could not be solved using advanced measures.APPLICATION: The activated diffusion brazing technology is an effective way. Its many advanced processes can solve those potential problems.CONCLUSION: The stress-shielding problem caused by PCA porous layer can be solved by using small metal balls in the same diameter in combination with the advanced activated diffusion brazing technology. Moreover, the high performance brazing metals by activated diffusion brazing technology is harmless for humans.

OBJECTIVE: Sintering of porous coated anatomic porous layer bonding technology remains controversial because of poor understanding to its essence.ESSENCE: Sintering is a technology that the bonding temperature exceeds 5 ℃ or higher than the base-alloy solids temperature of 1 230 ℃, resulting in base-alloy produce a series of serious problems, such as grain boundary racks, handle broken and so on.HAZARDS: In sintering temperature, the low melting point eutectlc phase and the brittle metal compounds flow out of the grain boundary to bond the small metal balls and the handle, which greatly reduces the fatigue strength. The grain boundary cracks formed and expanded ultimately leading to handle broken.DISCUSSION: The cause of a handle broken is neither notch nor metallurgical defects but sintering process, because high sintering temperature results in grain-boundary lacunas.CONCLUSION: Sintering is not suitable for connecting the force components. High sintering temperature produces grain-boundary lacunas which can expand into cracks and ultimately result in handle broken under some condition.

Seventeen cases of malignant melanoma (MM) were observed with transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify the significance of abberant melanosomes in its diagnosis.30 cases of nevus were also studied to serve as control.It was found that aberrant melanosomes were present in 14 cases of MM including 2 cases of amelanotic MM and absent in 2 cases of pigmented MM and one case of amelanotic MM.In addition,aberrant melanosomes were found in 4 cases of congenital nevus.The findings suggest that the significance of aberrant melanosomes in the diagnosis of MM has been overemphasized.It is believed that the diagnosis of MM must be judged comprehensively on all the ultrastructural changes under transmission electron microscope.

Fifteen cases of malignant melanoma,17 cases of acquired nevus,18 cases of congenital small nevus,and 3 cases of congenital giant nevus were labeled with anti-human prolifera-tive cell antibody Ki-67 with ABC labeling method.It was found that 13 out of the 15 cases of malignant melanoma were positive and the positive rate of the tumor cells was ranged between 2% to 33%.After culture,the positive rate of the melanoma cells was 88%.But all the 3.types of melanocytic nevi were negative.The findings suggest that the labeling of anti-human proliferative cell antibody Ki-67 is a sensitive and specific method to identify melanocytic tumors and it is not sensitive enough to differentiate the minor changes of the 3 types of nevi.

There are controversies concerning whether congential small nevus(CSN)is liable to undergo malignant degeneration and whether it should be resected promptly.The signif-icane of CSN in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma(MM)was assessed with microspec-trophotometric determination of DNA quantity,the detection of the gene product of N-ras,p21 protein,with ABC technique,ultrastructural study of MM tissue with electron microscopy,and analysis of clinical data of MM.The findings were as follows:(1)The DNA content increased sequentially in order of acquired nevus(AN),CSN,congenital giant nevus(CGN)and MM,and the difference was statistically significant among the 4 groups(P

Objective To clone and express the mouse acidic mammalian chitinase ( AMCase ) gene and protein, and to analyze the hydrolysis of the cell walls of Trichophyton rubrum and Candida a/ft/cans by this enzyme. Methods Total RNA was isolated from the stomach of BALB/c mouse, and AMCase gene was amplified by RT-PCR. The recombinant fusion expression vector of pET28a ( + ) -AMCase was constructed. AMCase protein was expressed in prokaryotic system and purified. After incubation of AMCase with the cell wall extracts, the level of N- acetylglucosamine was measured. Results AMCase gene was cloned and expressed successfully. Purified AMCase protein can hydrolyse the chitin in the cell walls of T. rubrum and C. albicans. Conclusion The AMCase expressed in prokaryotic system can hydrolyse chitin in the cell walls of T. rubrum and C. albicans, which implies its antifungal potential.

Objective: To study the inhibition of antisense TRP1 on cell growth of malignant melanoma(MM) and explore a new way for therapy of melanoma. Methods: Antisense TRP-1 recombinant vector was constructed and transfected into MM cells. According to the results of MTT, cell growth curves were drawn and then clonogenic assay was performed in vitro. At last, tumorigenesis assay was undertaken in nude mice in vivo. Results: Cell proliferations of TRP-1 transfected MM cells were inhibited compared with the control cells. The results of clonogenic assay displayed the difference of clonogenic percentage between TRP-1 transfected MM cells (52% , P

Objective To probe into the gene therapy of psoriasis using antisense oligonucleotides to attenuate the expression of K14 gene and protein in keratinocytes and evaluate the inhibitory effects of liposome conjugated antisense oligonucleotides on the proliferation of keratinocytes. Methods The antisense, sense and mismatched oligonucleotides for K14 gene were synthesized and conjugated with lipofectin respectively. Finally they were subsequently transfected into cultured keratinocytes in vitro. The expression of K14 gene was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of K14 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry. The variation of cell growth cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Results The expression of K14 gene and protein was markedly decreased in keratinocytes treated with K14 antisense oligonucleotides. The cell growth cycle was inhibited effectively by antisense oligonucleotides with lipofection, but not by sense and mismatched oligonucleotides. Conclusions Antisense oligonucleotides conjugated with lipofectin might be a hopeful method to inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes by inhibiting the expression of K14 mRNA and protein.

Objective To explore the establishment and implementation of nursing quality evaluation system in department of orthopedics. Methods Randomly 527 patients hospitalized in the department of orthopedics from December 2011 to December 2012 were selected and assigned into the control group, where a traditional evaluation system was used. Another 528 patients hospitalized from April 2013 to June 2014 as the observation group, where orthopedics specialist evaluation system was used. The two groups were compared in terms of hospital evaluation accuracy, observation accuracy, accuracy rate of specialist intervention complications, the qualified rate of nursing records and patient satisfaction. Result The hospital evaluation accuracy, observation accuracy, the accuracy rate of specialist intervention complications, the qualified rate of nursing records and patients satisfaction of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.01) and there was no incidence in two groups. Conclusion The establishment of orthopaedic nurse quality evaluation system can make up the shortage of traditional evaluation system and improve the quality of the orthopaedic nursing management.